IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


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Sdepces 
Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

(716)  872-4503 


0 


^1% 


Kf 


C/j 


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CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICIVIH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  His\  .rical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  canadien  de  microreproductions  historiques 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notes  techniques  et  bibliographiques 


The  Institute  has  attempted  to  obtain  the  best 
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copy  which  may  be  bibliographically  unique, 
which  may  alter  any  of  the  images  in  the 
reproduction,  or  which  may  significantly  change 
the  usual  method  of  filming,  are  checked  below. 


L'Institut  a  microfilm^  le  meilleur  exemplaire 
qu'il  lui  a  M  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details 
de  cet  exemplaire  qui  sont  peut-dtre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographique,  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite.  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  una 
modification  dans  la  methods  normale  de  filmage 
sont  indiquis  ci-dessous. 


D 


D 


D 

D 

n 
n 


n 


Coloured  covers/ 
Couvorture  de  couleur 


j      I    Covers  damaged/ 


Couvertura  endomma(ii« 


Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaur^  et/ou  pelliculie 


[~n    Cover  title  missing/ 


Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 

Coloured  maps/ 

Cartes  gAographiques  en  couleur 

Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Encra  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noirel 

Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 
Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  cou.eur 

Bound  with  other  material/ 
ReliA  avec  d'autres  documents 

Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

La  re  Mure  serrie  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distorsion  la  long  da  la  marga  intirieure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
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II  se  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  ajoutAes 
lors  d'une  restauration  apparaissent  dana  le  texte. 
mais,  lorsque  cela  itait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  iti  film^es. 


I    1    Coloured  pages/ 


Pages  de  couleur 

Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommag^es 


□    Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Pages  restaurdes  et/ou  pelliciildes 

r~p^Pagms  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 
1^!    Pages  d6color6es,  tachetdes  ou  piqu^es 

□Pages  detached/ 
Pages  ditachdes 

[""T'  Showthrough/ 
L_J    Transparence 

□    Quality  of  print  varies/ 
Qualiti  inigaie  de  I'impression 

□    Includes  supplementary  material/ 
Comprend  du  materiel  supplementaire 


D 


Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  Edition  disponible 


FyK Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 

I I    slips,  tissues,  etc.,  have  been  refilmed  to 

ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partieilement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'errata,  une  pelure, 
etc.,  ont  it6  film^es  d  nouveau  de  facon  d 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


r~7[    Additional  comments:/ 

LLJ    Commentaires  suppfAmentaires- 


Pages  149-150  and  153-154  are  creased  and  may  film  slightly  out  of  focus. 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  film^  au  taux  de  reduction  indiquA  ci-dessous. 

10X  14X  18X  22X 


26X 


30X 


v1 


12X 


16X 


29X 


24X 


28X 


32X 


Tho  copy  fiimed  here  has  been  reproduced  thanks 
to  the  generosity  of: 

Metropolitan  Toronto  Library 
History  Department 

The  images  appearing  here  are  the  best  quality 
possible  considering  the  condition  and  legibility 
of  the  original  copy  and  in  Iceeping  with  the 
filming  contract  specifications. 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impression. 


L'exemplaire  filmA  fut  reproduit  grAce  i  la 
g4n6ro«^itA  de: 

(Metropolitan  Toronto  Library 
History  Department 

Les  images  suivantas  ont  M  reproduite^  &vec  ie 
plus  grand  soin,  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  at 
de  la  nettet*  de  l'exemplaire  film4,  et  en 
conformity  avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
filmage. 

Les  exempiaires  originaux  dont  la  couvorture  en 
papier  est  imprimAe  sont  filmAs  en  commen9ant 
par  Ie  premier  plat  et  en  terminant  soit  par  ia 
dernlAre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration,  soit  par  Ie  second 
plat,  selon  Ie  cas.  Tous  les  autres  exempiaires 
originaux  sont  filmAs  en  commenpant  par  ia 
pramiAre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  on  terminant  par 
la  derniire  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 


The  iaat  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  —»•( meaning  "CON- 
TIIMUED"),  or  the  symbol  V  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 


Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparaitra  sur  Is 
derniire  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  I 
cas:  Ie  symbols  ^^^  signifie  "A  SUIVRE",  Ie 
symbole  V  signifie  "FIN  ". 


Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc..  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  T^e  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  dtre 
film6s  d  des  taux  de  reduction  diffdrents. 
Lorsque  Ie  document  est  trop  grand  pour  Atre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  clichi,  il  est  filmi  A  partir 
de  I'angis  &up6rieur  gauche,  de  gauche  A  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  Ie  nombre 
d'images  n^cessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  m6thode. 


1 

2 

3 

V"  E  -  "HE  -  /;  A  -  KiAK,  .  OR 

BLACK    HAWK, 


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SLACK        HAWK 


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^.^mS     IN      THE      y,^^^ 


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Tn  oni>  prnscrihQii,nr,tfvcu~lf,l  lift'  J s   h/i.'t.      ftiine    »C..V 

NEW  YORK 

l'ubU><^lii»d      \\v  F-dward  Kearnv 
16  \a  . 


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MA-KA-TAI-ME-SHE-KIA-KIAK 


on. 


BLACK    HAVK, 


AND 


SCENES   IN   THE   WEST. 

A   NATIONAL   POEM: 

IN  SIX  CAiXTOS. 

Ti..C(  ,  A  ucnscT  m:scnrrTio>T  or  tiik  wisco.nsivand 

LAKE    SCTEKIOR    COrXTIUrs.    AXD    THEIR    RIcH 

myr.uMs  ;  riiK  ma.ssacke  of  chjcagd, 

AM)  OTIIEn  Ur.KI'LY  INTKRESTINff 
SCENES!  LV  THE   WEST. 

BY  A  WESTERN  TOURIST. 


r,  ♦ 


I  sinff  of  love  find  wedlock,  deiitli  nnd  life. 

Of  nioneors  nn.I  her.ios,  pence  tun]  strif-  • 

Ot  coiHitric.  new,  n:ul  scttleiuoiits  Ije-iin, 

•n  ic.rtiines  H,„netinios  I„m  ,uifl  sometTines  won; 

Of  .Histice,  libr^rfv,  nml  et|iinl  ri-ht 

And  ,minl  to  fiu.cy  scenes  of  rnie  .leli-ht: 

lU  n.ines  of  silver,  ropper,  polden  ore! 

I  roclmni  the  tidings  tm  from  shore  to  shore  • 


NEW  YORK: 

PUBLISHED  BY  EDWARD  KEARNY.  272  PEARL-STREET. 

•      '       ^      ^  1848. 


MP 


is^*?-^^ 


( 


j'i^ 


Entered  according  to  act  of  Concrcss.  in  the  year  1848 
In  the  Clerk's  OfHce  of  the  Southern  District  of  New  York. 


1 
and 
hon 
ami 


STEREOTYPED  AND  IPBINTED  BY 

GEORGE  W.  WOOD,  29  GOLD-ST.,  NEW  YORK. 


*     n 


I 

I 


i* 


'ork. 


i 


THE  DEDICATION. 


***  *■■-■■  -ii'i'iririnfWM^wvLrui 


To  all  the  lovers  of  the  arts  of  Poesy  and  the  Belles  Lettres, 
and  to  all  the  friends  and  patrons  of  American  enterprise  and 
home  industry,  hoping  that  the  same  may  prove  useful  and 
amusing  to  them,  is  this  work  most  respectfully  dedicated, 

By  their  obedient  and  humble  servant, 
.  ■  The  Author. 


K. 


4 


i 


PREFACE 


^0^^^^^0^^^^0*^^^0^t^0t0^^^^0^^ 


DXAR  "Rt^ader — The  author.  In  presenting  to  you  a 
new  work,  Ixastily  got  u[).  is  aware  that  it  may  have 
many  imperfections,  and  hopes  the  indulgence  of  an 
enlightened  and  generous  ])ublic. 

Whether  he  has  done  justice  to  the  renowned  savage, 
the  hero  of  the  work — to  our  noble  governor,  the  great 
partisan  warrior  of  his  day,  and  to  that  gallant  band 
of  pioneers  who  have  contributed  so  much  to  the 
glory  and  prosperity  of  the  West,  the  reader  must  de- 
termine. 

fThe  account  given  of  the  genealogy  of  Black  Hawk, 
a  description  of  the  war  in  which  he  acted  so  con- 
spicuous a  part,  together  with  his  whole  history,  will 
H  be  found  interesting :  also,  the  various  scenes  in  the 
West,  herein  described,  more  or  less  familiar  to  the 
first  pioneers,  cannot  but  bo  perused  with  pleasure  by 
all  who  recollect  them ;  whilst  their  relation  will  be 
more  especially  novel,  interesting  and  delightful  to  all 
those  who  never  heard  of  them  before. 

This  comprehensive  treatise  portrays  things  as  they 
were  in  the  early  settlement  of  Wisconsin  and  North- 
ern Illinois,  when  civilization  first  dawned  upon  the 
beautiful  forests  and  prairies,  and  the  cultivation  of 


VI 


PREFACE. 


the  luxurious  soil  commenced ;  and  shows  this  coun- 
try's natural  and  abundant  resources.  Ics  fruitful 
mines  of  silver,  lead,  and  copper,  where  men  dig  for 
hidden  treasures  in  the  bowels  of  the  earth,  and  be- 
come rich,  together  with  those  of  the  Lake  Superior 
country,  where  now  is  the  rush  of  those  who  wish  to 
make  their  fortunes  ;  the  cheapness  of  tb  3  soil,  which 
produces  so  bountifully  both  the  necessaries  and  luxu- 
ries of  life ;  the  prospect  of  entering  into  profitable 
business  with  a  small  capital,  and  the  chances  for 
speculation  afforded  by  early  and  choice  locations ; 
the  almost  certain  prospect  of  bettering  one's  condition 
and  circumstances  by  a  change  of  place,  and  of  living 
in  the  enjoyment  of  health,  peace  and  competence  in 
another  clime,  are  just  inducements,  and  are  all  things 
worthy  to  be  inquired  into. 

The  author  might  easily  have  swelled  this  volume 
to  five  times  its  present  size — but  this  would,  in  a  con- 
siderable degree,  have  defeated  his  object ;  which  was, 
to  ma*ke  a  useful  work,  comprehending  much  in  little, 
whose  low  price  would  bring  it  within  the  reach  of 
every-body;  to  cast  all  minor  circumstances  which 
would  burden  the  pages  of  future  history  out  of  the 
way;  consigning  them  at  once  to  that  oblivion  of 
after-time,  in  which  they  must  of  necessity  be  lost, 
and  dwell  only  upon  such  important  things  as  are 
calculated  to  survive  the  present  generation,  and  live 
through  the  dilapidpttions  of  time.  Such  are,  indeed, 
the  only  legitimate  subjects  of  history. 
,     To  the  lovers  of  literature,  and  especially  to  the  ad- 


PREFACE. 


VU 


lis  conn- 
fruitful 
1  dig  for 

and  be- 
Superior 

wish  to 
il,  which 
Lnd  luxu" 
»rofitable 
nces  for 
>cations  ; 
condition 
of  living 
temce  in 
ill  things 

volume 
in  a  con- 
lich  was, 
in  little, 
-each  of 
s  which 
it  of  the 
Lvion  of 

be  lost, 
I  as  are 
and  live 
,  indeed, 

)thc  ad- 


mirers of  the  art  of  poesy,  it  is  presumed  this  work 
will  afford  great  pleasure  and  delight  ;  while  to  those 
who  are  not  in  the  same  degree  capable  of  perceiving 
and  relishing  its  beauties,  it  cannot  fail  to  be  a  source 
of  information  that  will  abundantly  repay  the  cost. 

The  massacre  of  Chicago  is  a  theme  deeply  inter- 
esting. The  author  has  taken  great  pains  to  inform 
himself  thoroughly  on  this  subject,  and  has  obtained 
his  information  from  living  witnesses  and  periodicals 
of  that  day.  All  the  statements  concerning  this  most 
interesting  narrative,  may,  therefore,  be  relied  on  with 
implicit  confidence.  They  form  important  items  in 
the  history  of  the  country  lono  to  be  remernbere '  - 

The  question  may  very  naturally  arise,  why  the  au- 
thor did  not  compose  the  whole  in  rhyme,  as  he  could 
as  easily  have  done.  To  which  he  answers,  that  he  is 
partial  to  blank  verse,  and  originally  intended  to  com- 
pose the  whole  in  this  style  ;  but  the  constant  tenden- 
cy to  rhyme  continually  furnished  him,  as  he  went 
along,  with  beautiful  couplets  ;  some  of  which  he  has 
retained  among  the  blank  verse,  considering  blank 
verse  as  the  base. 

At  other  times  he  has  reduced  w^hole  portions  of  the 
work  entirely  to  rhyme — portions  which  were  at  first 
intended  for  blank  verse — so  that  he  has  now,  in  such 
a  variety  of  styles,  something  that  will  suit  all  tastes 
and  classes  of  readers.  The  author  might  multiply 
reasons  for  the  course  he  has  taken  in  these  respects, 
if  it  were  deemed  necessary.  He  might  say  that 
Shakespeare  done  so — that  this  is  a  day  of  innovations 


I 


VUl 


TEEFACE. 


on  the  learning  of  the  past ;  and  as  it  was  with  the 
Israelites  in  early  times,  so  has  it  become  with  us  now 
—for  in  those  days  there  was  no  king  in  the  land,  and 
every  man  did  according  to  that  which  seemed  right 
in  his  own  eyes. 


The 
nc 
I5i 
vc 
th 
ol 

II 


vith  the 

us  now 

md,  and 

ed  right 


BLACK  HA¥K, 


MP 


SCENES  IN  THE  WEST. 


<^»^^^^i^M^^VMM»^i^<MMM^^#M»^^^^ 


CANTO  I. 


»j*i»'«^%f»i%»i»-^^^>^^<» 


T  II  E     A  R  O  U  M  E  N  T. 

The  Invocation.  The  Pioneer  sets  out  on  a  journey  to  the  far  West.  Some 
account  of  his  travels.  The  Mormons.  His  description  of  Rochester, 
15ufl*a!o,  Niagara  Falls,  Cleveland.  The  loss  of  the  Erie,  Detroit.  His 
voyage  to  Copperdom.  Lake  Superior  and  its  mines.  His  voyage  up 
the  Mississippi,  and  across  the  great  Valley,  where  he  falls  in  with  an 
old  resident,  with  whom  he  has  much  conversation  with  regard  to  Black 
Hawk  and  the  War. 


AMEKICA^•s!  magnanimous  of  soul! 

With  hearts  as  warm,  as  generous  and  as  free 

As  that  pure  atmosphere  in  which  ye  breathe  ; 

Come,  listen,  while  I  sing  of  one  poor  man, 

The  self-taught  hero,  aboriginal, 

Of  the  Indian  race  his  genealogy — 

Illustrious,  so  deserving  of  re  uown, 

And  causes  which  impelled  hun  to  the  war ; 

His  mighty  deeds,  his  perils,  dangers,  labors,  - 


I 


10  BLACK   HAWK,  AND 

Endured  time-long  for  his  loved  people's  sake. 
With  phraseology  and  lofty  thoughts  sublime, 
Fit  for  the  theme,  may  heavenly  powers  inspire  me  1 
A  man  untutored,  singularly  devoted 
To  reverence  the  Great  Spirit,  sacrifice 
Life,  and  whatsoever  else  to  him  was  dear, 
To  serve  great  Manitou,  his  kin  and  country, 
Fulfil  a  destiny  prescribed  by  heaven  : 
In  later  days  to  furnish  deeds  of  song, 
Equal  the  Roman,  or  what  Greek  has  done, 
Upon  Columbian  soil,  and  far  away 
From  \yhat  was  once  esteemed  the  classic  ground. 
•    Yea,  I  repeat,  some  heavenly  power  inspire  me  I 
With  utterance  meet,  to  sound,  from  first  to  last, 
In  tuiieful  numbers,  animated  lays. 
And  give  the  hero  what  of  meed  is  due ; 
For,  O !  lie  well  deserves  immortal  praise ! 


I 


II. 

Amid  th'  Atlantic  beautifully  lies, 

Close  on  the  margin  of  the  great  blue  sea, 

A  pleasant  sea-girt  isle  j   upon  its  east 

And  on  its  southern  border  ocean  rolls  ; 

While  on  the  north  its  shallow  strait  divides 

From  other  lands,  inhabited  by  men 

Of  manners,  laws,  and  language  similar. 

Far  'mid  the  billows  of  the  briny  sea, 

With  promontory  high  looks  out  Montauk ; 

Thence  eastward  all  is  boundless  ocean's  realm ; 

A  city  large  its  western  borders  grasp. 


mm 


SCENES   IN   THE   WEST. 


11 


3  mel 


Across  the  strait  the  London  of  the  west, 
Great  Gotham  lies,  of  everlasting  growth; 
Its  chesnuts,  oaks,  its  pines  and  cedars  tall, 
The  quaint  luxuriance  of  the  soil  bespeak. 


md. 


III. 

The  hidden  regions  of  the  western  world, 
T'  explore,  there  went  from  off  this  isle  a  man, 
Who  many  countries  saw  in  beauty  dressed, 
And  vast  luxuriance,  when  as  yet  were  new. 
About  himself  and  journey  lone  there  was 
Something  peculiar,  as  of  course  must  be  ; 
Since  he  was  neither  driven  out  from  thence, 
By  force  of  circumstances  or  of  need, 
Save  his  own  free  desires  and  ardent  mind, 
To  scenes  romantic,  wild,  thereto  impelling. 
His  habitation  such  as  some  might  envy, 
Sufficient  to  content  most  men,  not  him ; 
For,  of  a  restless,  roving  mind  possessed, 
Unsatisfied  desire  to  see  and  trace 
The  boundless  country  teeming  far  away. 
He  straight  to  leave  his  home  and  kin  prepared ; 
And,  without  tears,  regret,  or  grief  for  aught. 
His  journey  perilous,  and  lob^>  '''t}gan,    • 
And  as  he  journeyed  up  the  way,  thus  sung; 
Farewell,  blest  island,  sea-girt,  thee  I  leave. 
Thou  handiwork  of  God!  and  all  things  else 
To  thee  pertaining — purling  brooks,  and  shores, 
That  oft  receive  the  dash  of  ocean's  waves. 
Perhaps  to  see  no  more !    I  love  thee  still, 


St 


13  KLACK    HAWK,   A\U 

And  ever  will  my  heart !  but  why  lament, 

Since  other  climes  attention  too  demand  ? 

He  crossed  the  strait,  and  passing  Gotham  by, 

The  river  of  the  North  ascended  up, 

Until  the  mountains  towered  on  either  side ; 

Old  Allegany,  torn  by  Hudson's  tlood, 

And  broken  up,  though  rocky  was  his  chain, 

To  give  the  waters  passiige  to  the  main. 

The  highland-pcaks,  and  tuft-crowned  cities  past, 

He  reached  the  capitolian  town  at  last. 


i 
^ 


IV. 

Particulars  of  his  journey  cannot  here, 

As  he  at  first  in  haste  did  take  no  notes. 

Touched  at  young  Troy,  a  rising  Hercules, 

And  saw  the  site  where  good  old  Union  stands, 

Mohawk  in  all  his  glory  winding  on. 

He  floats  along  in  artilicial  moulds, 

And  channels  taught  to  How  by  v/Ill  of  man. 

Unknown  in  ancient  times  ;  through  aqueduct. 

And  tunnels  under  ground  of  passage  dark. 

And  gloomy  sound,  from  solid  rock  torn  out. 

The  central  city  such  attractions  held. 

It  drew^  the  hasly  traveller  from  his  way. 

Rome,  Syracuse,  Salina,  Lyons  passed, 

In  quick  sue  ession ;  to  Palmyra  came, 

Where  Mormon  prophet  dug  from  neighboring  hill 

The  golden  plates  of  Mormon's  sacred  book  ° 

A  book  blasphemous,  all  our  teachers  sav, 

Has  led  its  thousand  harmless  dupes  astray. 


M 


SCKNES    IN    Tlin    WEST. 


13 


V, 


0M. 


To  give  a  Ijistory  of  llie  projihct  here, 

And  ofilie  new  religion  he  is  founding, 

Far  West,  and  o'er  llie  Atlantic  is  resounding; 

And  of  his  great  success,  and  signal  fall, 

Would  interesting  be,  no  doubt,  to  all. 

Tlii,--,  v.hat  a  mortal  crrorist  can  do, 

Who  claims  to  be  connuissifnied  froni  above, 

DolU  well  eUicidafe.     It  shows  yet  more  ; 

That  any  man  v»ho  can  succeed  to  impress 

All  credulous  minds  that  he's  in  very  truth 

Inspired  of  (led,  sufch  doctrines  to  divulge  ; 

Although  he  ])e  a  Christian  but  in  name, 

A  trite  irnposto  v  clothod  in  shepherd's  garb. 

Yet  will  he  for  a  time  draw  round  him  friends, 

A  congregation  eager,  foUov.-erc  too, 

Devoted  to  his  will  iii  sacred  things,. 

Who  in  misguided  way  do  servo  the  King  of  kings. 


VI. 

Tho  Mormon  propliet,  we  will  call  him  Joe, 
A55  other;?  do— the  word's  of  easy  flow — 
To  make  the  faith  of  his  adherents  strong, 
And  tpu'll  all  doubts  as  ho  progressed  along 
For  each  hnpetus  had  new  revelation. 
Which,  if  believed  entire,  had  won  a  nation. 
His  miracles  he  sometimes  wrought,  'twas  said } 
But  if  he  failed,  it  proved  their  faith  was  dead. 


u 


BLACK   HAWK,  AND 


His  followers  multiplied  at  Kirkland's  temple, 

Which  rose  beneath  his  care  a  mighty  dome  ; 

Until  to  western  lands  divinely  called, 

To  raise  a  temple  by  Almighty  hand. 

For  nations  of  the  earth  to  flock  unto, 

Lost  tribes  of  Israel,  Gentile,  wandering  Jew. 

The  temple  rose,  and  so  did  persecution 

'I'he  people  there,  would  grant  them  no  ablution 
For  crimes  inflicted,  but  did  drive  them  out, 
By  sword,  and  fire,  and  terror,  hate  and  rout. 


'% 


1 


viii. 

At  length  the  Lord  did  call  him  to  Nauvoo, 
The  prophet  said,  to  build  the  temple  there , 
For  through  much  persecution  they  must  enter 
Into  that  rest  for  every  saint  prepared. 
A  temple  there  was  built,  and  city  too, 
A  city  thronged  and  chartered  by  the  State. 
There,, too,  dissension  rose  among  the  people, 
To  persecute  the  prophet  unto  death  ; 
But  he  long  time  evaded  all  their  wiles, 
Sufliered  arrests,  imprisonments  and  scoffs. 
Betrayed  into  the  hands  of  wicked  men. 
He  died  a  martyr  to  the  faith  he  taught. 
Reflects  no  honor  on  his  persecutors— 
A  lawless  band  of  desperadoes  there. 
Then  were  his  people  persecuted  sore, 
In  this  good  land  where  ^very  mind  is  free 


SOENKS   IN  TUB   WEST. 


15 


To  worship  God  as  well  Leseemeth  him  j  " 

E'en  nany  unto  death,  and  forced  to  fly» 

To  North  and  West,  Iowa,  Council  Bluffs ; 

And  leave  their  city  fair  to  beasts  of  prey, 

Or  unto  men  rapacious  more  than  they. 

Compelled  to  wander  in  a  land, of  strangers, 

All  comfortless,  and  outcasts  from  their  home. 

Oh  !  *l  was  an  everlasting,  open  shame  ! 

Enough  to  blast  forever  the  fair  fame 

Of  persecutors  and  conniving  powers! 

Who  thus  could  sport  with  law,  in  this  fair  land  of  ours ; 

And  suffer  lawless  miscreants  to  usurp 

The  Ifiws  of  State,  and  take  into  their  hands 

The  s'vord  of  justice,  to  avenge  on  men 

Their  hate,  and  seize  their  substance  for  themselves. 

A  poor  man  for  his  vineyard  Ahab  slew, 

And  met  dire  punishment,  although  a  king. 

To  California's  genial  clime  they've  flown, 

And  what  their  fate  will  be,  and  ruthless  end,  unknown. 

Here  having  left,  next  Rochester  he  saw— 

The  city,  and  the  country  scenes  around. 

Well  pleased  the  pioneer.     He  there  abode, 

Till  days  went  by,  which  seemed  not  to  have  passed ; 

And  in  his  daily  converse  on  this  theme, 

He  thus  retorted  on  the  infidel : 


Rochester  1    What's  she  more  than  other  places  t 
Why,  man,  you're  mad !  for  she,  with  all  her  graces, 


10  1II.ACK    ir.VWK,   AM> 

Is  far  superior  to  most  other  towns, 
And  tills  to  prove  needs  not  the  aid  of  clowna 
What  other  town  can  boast  a  Genesee  ? 
That,  rolling  through  her  niidtjt  so  gracefidl)', 
And  dancing  on  tlio  rocks  goci  murmuring ; 

Tlie  music  of  whose  waters  never  die  ! 

And  hoast  sucii  falls,  except  Niagara's  bound. 

And  such  delightful  scenery  around  ; 

And  ac/ ;V//j/V»//i  of  mills  of  flour, 

And  never-ending  great  hydraulic  power  ? 

fcJuch  enterprising  men  to  carry  it  on, 

A  city  beaut ifid  to  look  upon. 

Here  do  not  all  facilities  combine  ? 

Uailroad,  canals,  and  aqueducts  entwine ; 

And  is  not  l-'dcn's  {lowery  garden  here  ? 

And  Cenesee,  Euphrates' groat  compeer; 
And  his  rich  valley,  Eden  as  of  old, 

V/here,  us  on  Ganges,  diamonds  lie,  and  gold  ; 

Where  choicest  wheat  abounds,  of  value  more, 

And  heaven  in  bounty  lavishes  his  store  ? 

Delightful  city,  with  her  high  built  towers  ! 

Are  not  thy  ladies  fair  as  moniijig  flcnvers  ? 

Or  as  JVIahomet's  nymphs  In  sacred  bowers 

Of  paradise  1  while  dome,  and  church  and  steej)le, 

Proclaim,  where'er  we  look,  a  pious  people. 

xr. 

Niagara  roars,  and  so  does  Genesee  ! 
Sam  Patch  went  on  his  way  most  merrily, 
Oft  jumping  down  these  flills  from  highest  steep. 
Disdainful  of  the  shortness  of  the  leap. 


1 


KCKNKS   IN   THK    WEST. 


It 


At  length  he  built  a  scallold  '])ove  the  falls, 
Shudders  the  mind  when  up  this  scene  it  calls ; 
The  most  adventurous  leader  ot'  his  time 
Prepared  to  make  another  more  sublime  : 
The  day  was  lixed,  a  inuUitudo  came  near» 
To  witness  sucii  a  feat  as  gave  them  fear, 
Far  more  intense  than  that  the  venturer  felt, 
Before  the  throne  of  grace  he  had  not  knelt ; 
As  all  did  think  they'd  done  in  such  a  case, 
And  of  the  great  Deliverer  sought  grace  ; 
And  hazardous  of  body  and  of  soul, 
Submitted  to  the  elements'  control. 
Some  said  he  lost  his  balance  in  tlie  fall — 
Some  said  that  brandy  «>vas  the  cause  of  alb 
The  maddening  gulf  sent  up  a  hideous  roar, 
And  opening  wide  its  mouth  him  to  devour. 
Received  him  in  unmeasured  depths  below, 
Closed  over  him  forever,  sou  of  wo ! 
His  immortality  on  earth  is  sure, 
Ilcmembrance  of  this  lea})  will  e'er  endure 
While  Rochester  upon  this  shore  remains. 
These  falls  to  sound  eternal  nature's  strains ; 
And  roar  from  age  to  age,  and  dash  their  spray 
O'er  those  in  future  as  on  us  to-day. 


XII. 


Time's  march  doth  him  admonish,  and  the  light 
Morn  ushers  in,  is  shrouded  quick  in  night. 
Much  as  he  loved  these  scenes,  he  must  awayi 
To  where  the  sun  flings  his  last  evening  ray. 


o* 


18 


BLACK   HAWK,   AND 

O'er  western  lands,  the  earth  in  darkness  shrouds, 
And  tints  with  golden  hues  the  sunny  clouds. 
And  now,  prepared,  his  devious  way  he  takes, 
Westward,  to  the  Queen  city  of  the  lakes, 
In  a  swift  packet  drawn  by  extra  steeds, 
Along  the  water-course  that  thither  leads. 


XIII. 


Arrived,  he  straight  embarked  on  board  a  ship, 
T'  embrace  the  earliest  chance,  a  pleasant  trip, 
Upon  the  placid  lake  in  summer's  day, 
Where  gentle  breezes  cool  the  sultry  ray ; 
Where  bands  that  make  sweet  music  heighten  joy, 
And  pastime  social,  knows  of  no  alloy. 
Returning  soon  unto  the  pleasant  shore, 
A  harbor,  ne'er  so  full  of  ships  before, 
He  saw  wedged  in.     All  peaceful  in  command. 
This  one  and  that  gave  way  ;  he  reached  the  land, 
Walked  up  the  busy,  peaceful  streets,  relieved, 
And  blessed  the  town  that  had  him  safe  received. 


* 


XIV,  • 

Here  saw  .b  ^^rr-^t  and  good,  the  young  and  pretty. 
And  ot!:v.ir  groups  walk  up  and  down  the  city- 
Beheld  its  beauty,  saw  much  to  admire. 
For  often  met  his  eye  the  sacred  spire, 
And  solemn  temple.     He  was  pleased  to  see 
These  tokens  of  a  people's  piety. 
Sure,  said  he,  'tis  a  groat  commercial  city, 
Whether  our  words  be  quaint,  or  grave,  or  witty  j 


HCfiNBS    IN    THE    WEST. 


10 


tidsf 


For  I  have  traversed  Main-street  up  and  down, 
East,  west,  enjoyed  the  freedom  of  the  town, 
And  business  !  business  !  nothing  here  moves  slow, 
A  world  of  business'  done  in  Buflalo. 
She  sits  a  queen,  the  city  of  the  lakes, 
Of  others*  doings,  cognizance  she  takes  ; 
And  like  Gibraltar,  all  must  pass  the  strait- 
Pay  tribute,  and  unload,  re-ship  their  freight. 
She's  happy  in  herself,  and  has  no  rival— 
Her  commerce,  one  continual  revival. 


XV. 


pyt 


anr?, 
d. 


etty, 


He  bade  the  Buflalonians  adieu. 

And  thence  the  far-famed  Falls  went  to  espy. 

And  listen  to  the  great  Niagara's  roar. 

But  ere  he'd  reached  the  place,  his  ears  were  stunned 

With  loud  imperious  cries  of— "Write  !  sir,  write  !" 

As  thinking  his  descriptions  fraught  could  be 

With  rare  amusement ;  fit  to  edify. 

At  such  demands,  imperious  as  to  him 

They  seemed,  did  vex  him,  and  he  would  not  it. 

Nor  do  what  every-body  else  had  done, 

To  write  an  episode  upon  the  Falls. 

Still  he  no  malice  bore,  nor  would  withhold 

What  would  contribute  to  the  good  of  any ; 

And  so,  adventurous,  he  essayed  to  give 

The  first  impressions  of  his  random  brain 

To  public  gaze.     Sure,  thought  he,  nought  sublime 

From  that  one  hurried  glance  can  be  expected  j 

Designing,  as  he  did,  to  take  one  peep, 


20 


HLAf^K    HAVVK,    AXO 

At  !nore  convenient  season  come  ajrai;  , 

To  view  at  low^ih  tlie  works  of  the  Almighty, 

And  wonders  here  that  all  the  world  attracts. 


XVI. 

The  neighboring  village  gained  by  railroad  cars, 

Ho  rested  from  fatigues  of  journey  long. 

In  this  woodland  retreat  awhile  reposed, 

Then  crossed  the  foaming  rapids  to  the  isle 

Which  does  this  cataract  in  twain  divide  ; 

Where  found  he  guidc-boardsto  direct  his  way 

To  sites  of  prospects,  whence  all  things  to  view. 

Down  to  the  cascade  traced  the  gravel  walk  ; 

O'er  foaming  rapids  crossed  another  bridge 

To  Luna  Isle,  lying  above  the  Falls  ; 

A  prospect  wonderfully  grand  beheld. 

Returning  back  unto  the  former  isle, 

There,  what  his  optics  saw,  he  thus  describes  :— 

Unto  this  island's  farthest  verge  went  down  • 

I  there  a  bridge  beheld,  from  rock  to  rock, 

Extending  'mong  the  rapids,  'bove  the  Falls  ; 

Which  to  a  high  stone  tower  did  lead,  that  stood 

Midway  between  the  roaring  cataract 

And  on  its  utmost  verge.     Its  winding  stairs 

Ascending  up,  I  looked  into  th'  abyss, 

And  felt  impressions  indescril)able. 

Awful  to  witness,  never  fully  told. 

Projecting  o'er  the  Falls  a  bridge  hung  out ; 

Unto  its  outer  verge  I  saw  one  go, 

Look  over,  and  start  back,  as  though  he  ielt 


i 


■'•MmiA*t^i>...^.'^'S 


SCENES    IN    THE    WEST. 


21 


rs. 


It  crack  beneath  him,  loosening  from  the  rock- 
At  which  another  heartily  did  laugh  ; 
And  venturing  on,  as  more  courageous,  feh, 
On  looking  down  the  steep,  a  similar  shock. 
On  that  o'erhanging  form  I,  too,  walked  out ; 
But  first  examined  well  the  bridge,  to  sec 
That  it  was  founded  on  the  rock  secure, 
And  that  the  timbers  it  composed  were  sound, 
In  good  repair,  that  nothing  could  give  way. 


.d 


XVII. 

St.  Lawrence  is  a  most  tremendous  river, 

Extremely  deep,  and  draining  almost  all 

Those  lakes  and  inland  seas,  with  all  their  streams, 

On  North  America's  great  bosom  lie  ; 

Is  here  a  rocky  precipice  poured  down 

Of  perpendicular  height,  of  vast  descent, 

A  sheet  of  water  full  six  furlongs  wide, 

Forever  flowing  without  variation. 

And  unaflected  by  what  rains  and  storms 

Or  drought  may  come,  as  thus  far  has  been  proved. 

Who  can  conceive  these  waters'  furious  bound  ? 

The  noise  is  heard  for  several  leagues  around. 

The  rising  mists  obscure  the  mid-day  fair, 

And  ever  show  a  l)eauteous  rainbow  there  ! 


XVIII. 


He,  from  the  awful  heights  of  that  lone  tower, 
The  foaming  rapids  round  about  him  there, 


h     I 


22  BLACK  HAWK,  AND 

In  looking  up,  did  see  the  river  foaming 

Far  up,  and  coming  down  with  dreadful  rage, 

With  all  his  congregated  waters  round. 

Him  towering  o'er  the  adamant  he  saw, 

And  dancing  on  the  rocks  with  thundering  sound. 

Unto  the  precipice  he  saw  him  rush, 

And  spread  his  billowy  arms  of  white  across 

The  verge  of  that  high  semi-circular  wall, 

And  give  the  leap  into  the  void  below, 

As  plunging  to  the  central  caves  of  earth — 

That  mighty  void  scooped  out  by  hand  Almighty 

To  show  his  power — the  wonder-working  God— • 

How  far  his  might  exceeds  what  mortala  can. 

Receiving  still  a  thousand  tributaries. 

To  wit :  Ontario,  Ottawas,  and  others, 

He  makes  his  flight  sublime  to  ocean**  realm. 

Where  thirty  leagues  scarce  measures  all  his  breadth. 

The  ground  did  seem  to  tremble  under  him ; 

While  from  th'  abyss  continual  did  arise 

Thick  mists  such  as  serenest  skies  obscuro 

On  fairest  summer's  day.     Suspended  hero 

The  token,  beautifully  fair,  is  seen, 

The  bow,  which  in  the  clouds  set  Noah's  God, 

Of  old,  a  witness  to  rebellious  men. 

Earth  by  a  flood  should  be  destroyed  no  more. 


XIX. 


The  brain  that  peeps  o'er  here  will  giddy  prove, 
And  turn  away  for  fear  of  headlong  fall. 
Whate*er  goes  down  will  be  rfjduced  to  atoms, 


jjii,) 

mi 


Se, 


sound. 


38 


6CEKCS  IN   THE    WEST. 

And  fragments  peradventure  never  found. 
The  fate  of  Michigan,  who  has  not  heard  1 
That  went  sublimely  o'er  with  all  her  load ; 
As  thousands  witnessed  on  that  fatal  day, 
That  bore  her  shattered  remnants  far  away. 
The  Caroline,  ill-fated  source  of  blood, 
How  fired,  and  sent  careering  down  the  flood  ? 


23 


ighty 

3o(I--. 

n. 


'm, 

is  breadth. 


od, 


e. 


Hie  weary  sun  w*»nt  down  unto  his  rest, 
But  with  no  soft  repose  the  cataract  bles*. 
Great  Nature,  all  her  charms  of  rare  delight 
Hung  out  in  colors  beautiful  and  bright. 
And  as  they  in  succession  died  away, 
To  compensate  for  loss  of  beaming  day, 
Sent  out  the  stars  in  clusters  clear  and  bright, 
To  furnish  all  the  scene  with  heavenly  light. 
And  now  was  Cynthia  full,  the  lunar  bow, 
A  bi  ight  illuminated  arch  did  show  ; 
Suspended  in  the  heavens,  from  side  to  side 
Of  that  thick  mist  that  rose  above  the  tide. 
The  rapids  sparkle  like  the  stars  not  less, 
And  nature  wears  a  charm  of  passing  loveliness. 


rove, 

IIS, 


XXI. 


What  is  there  great,  or  glorious,  or  sublime. 
That  ye  bring  not  to  mind,  ye  wondrous  Falls  ? 
The  song  of  Homer  in  its  loftiest  strain ; 
Armies  engaged  in  scenes  of  mighty  conflict ; 


i 


34 


BLACK   IIAWISf  AND 


It.  i' 


Great  conflagrations  sweeping  o'er  a  city ; 

From  moimtain*s  side  the  fall  of  avalanche  ; 

The  thunder's  peal,  the  voice  of  Dflty ; 

A  thousand  cannon  booming  from  afar, 

A  thousand  standards  waving  o*er  tlio  war  ; 

The  consummation  of  all  earthly  things, 

Eternity  and  never-ending  time  ; 

Mount  iEtna  belching  f  )rth  her  liquid  flame  ; 

The  lion's  rage  ;  the  furious  whirlwind's  sweep  ; 

Tornado's  blast  that  sweeps  whole  torests  clown ; 

The  raging  sea  in  violent  agitation ; 

Old  Neptune's  watery  kingdom  broken  up  ; 

The  trembling  of  the  earth  from  pole  to  pole  ; 

Earthquakes,  and  each  memorial  of  all  lime, 

Ye  shad  w  forth  with  all  their  import  dread  ! 


J 


XXII. 


I 


Yet  more,  to  others  joyful,  y>  give  birth  ; 
The  reign  c^f  liberty  throughout  the  earth  ; 
The  great  Millennium's  joyful  ushering  iu, 
The  good  Messiah's  reign,  and  end  of  siii  ; 
The  day  so  long  desired  with  ardotit  prayer, 
Which  prophet,  priest,  and  sage,  still  hojie  (o  share  ; 
The  threatening  comets  that  through  ether  blazf*, 
The  rolling  spheres  revolving  endless  days  ; 
Those  morning  stars  that  sung  in  early  prime, 
Creation's  work  complete,  began  the  march  of  time  I 


* 


XXIII. 


He  left  the  scene  with  music  in  his  soul. 
To  Bufliilo  back  the  iron  chariots  roll ; 


4 


SCENES   IN  THE   WEST. 


25 


y; 


ar 


i  sweep ; 
ts  clown ; 

ip; 
pole  ; 
Liiiu*, 


Then  supped,  and  swoctly  slumbered  there  that  night, 

Till  dawn  had  streaked  the  East  with  radiant  light. 

Embarking  thence  on  board  a  steamer  now, 

Far  in  the  West  his  join-i)ey  to  pursue, 

He  cut  the  liquid  way,     But  soon  arose 

A  flange rous  storm,  and  winds  and  waves  oppose. 

Tho  seamen  lal>ored  hard  ;  buf,  danger  nigh, 

A  harbor  sought,  where  Cleveland's  vessels  lie ; 

And  safely  moored,  the  traveller  went  on  shore, 

The  city  and  its  stdjurb^-  to  explore  ; 

For  thus  liir  come,  o'er  many  a  mount  and  stream, 

Things  had  a  Western  look,  as  ho  did  deem; 

And  lio  discovered,  much  surprised  to  see 

A  town  built  on  a  lull  so  gracefully. 


XXIV. 


in. 


11 ; 


yer, 

pe  lo  f^hnre  ; 

01'  Ida/.f*, 

-ys ; 

irlme, 

reh  of  time ! 


Sure,  said  he,  Cleveland  is  a  handsome  city ; 
Not  better  here  described,  it  is  a  pity. 
Fain  wotdd  the  minstrel  furnish  s,  -nething  better 
Were't  not  that  he  sustaiiis  a  timely  fetter. 

The  fetter  is,  that  something  must  be  said 

And  what  is  written,  ])e  it  good  or  Lad, 

Must  Und  publicity.     So  let  it  go 

Happily  it  proves  no  person's  weal  or  wo. 

Cleveland  has  handsome  architectural  domes, 
And  beauteous  people,  at  their  beauteous  homes  j 
Industrious,  moral,  peaceful,  good  and  wise, 
And  healthful  walls  and  towers  that  proudly  ris.e. 


1 

' 

1 

t 

<l  t\ 


2Q  BLACK   IIAWK,  AND 

Her  public  walks  of  ornamental  trees, 
That  spread  in  rows  their  honors  to  the  breeze, 
Traversed  l^y  chceilul  ones  ;  her  avenues, 
"Where  daily  sentinels  oft  report  profuse  ; 

And  stand  as  watchmen  on  her  lofiy  towers, 
"With  pen  and  heart,  and  lailhful  at  all  hours, 
To  watch  the  foe  political  in  strife, 
And  guard  the  cause  of  liberty  and  life  ; 
To  action  rousing  all  those  dormant  powers, 
Whose  slumbering  on  would  sink  this  land  of  ours. 

XXV. 

And  be  it  to  her  people's  glory  said, 
That  most  devoutly  they  revere  the  dead  ; 
And  grateful  rear  the  monumental  pile, 
And  bid  the  willows  ween  around  tlm  while. 

Blest  effort!  worthy  of  a  people  blest ! 
'Twas  here,  he  deemed  he  saw,  laid  down  to  rest. 
The  princes  of  the  earth  ;  inscribed  their  names 
On  the  enduring  marble  ;  what  their  claims 
To  immortality  on  earth  ;  their  race  below, 
The  heavenly  fruits  from  pious  actions  grow. 

When  comes  the  day,  which  I  shall  never  dread. 
Let  me  lie  here  among  the  pious  dead ; 
Or  in  some  other  likf,  on  such  a  shore  ! 
O,  this  is  bliss  !  'tis  heaven  to  be  no  more  ! 


[ 


XXVI. 


On  Erie  lake,  and  Mrie  was  her  name, 

A  splendid  steamer  sunk  beneath  the  flame, 


SCENES  ZN  THfi  WEST. 


27 


hrecze, 

es, 

^» 

wcrs, 
hours, 


wers, 

land  of  ours. 


ad  ; 

» 

while. 

I 

9 

[own  to  rest, 
loir  names 
claims 
jelow, 
5  grow. 

ever  dread, 

1; 

e ! 

more ! 


Surcharged  with  emigrants  from  eastern  clime, 
Thither  had  come  to  seek  a  happy  home. 
For  they  had  heard  of  prairies  in  the  West, 
With  fruitful  soil,  and  genial  climate  blest- 
Freedom  and  comforts  there  to  be  enjoyed, 
Had  almost  reached  the  place,  quite  unannoyed 
By  accident,  their  blissful,  destined  port. 
Well  freighted  with  their  stores  of  every  sort ; 
Were  joyful  on  that  day,  and  talked  of  rest, 
In  that  good  L.iiJ,  whtic  l!i-y  she'.!!)!  s^^on  be  blest. 
Alas!  no  goodly  land,  to  them,  shall  e'er  appear! 
Nor  aught  of  ail  was  promised,  they  held  dear ; 
For,  from  their  heaven,  the  sun  withdrew  hia  light, 
Went  down  for  aye,  in.  everlasting  night. 
A  cry  of  fire  fell  from  the  deck  below — 
The  horror.strickon  rushed,  the  cause  to  know. 
She  newly  painted  was  ;  the  turpentine, 
That  varniijhed  her  so  well,  and  made  to  shine, 
Caused  instantaneous  spread  of  flames  all  o'er. 
Those  cabined  under,  never  came  up  more  ! 
While  those  above,  t'  escape  the  fiery  glee. 
Their  choice  preferred  to  risk  the  angry  sea. 
From  starboard,  larboard  side,  and  bowsprit's  steep 
Dreadful  alternative  !  plunged  in  the  deep, 
In  consternation  !     Night  was  dark  and  drear, 
Far  from  the  shore,  where  none  to  save  came  near. 
So  perished  all  on  board — two  hundred  souls  ! 
The  careless  sea  forever  o'er  them  rolls — 
Regardless  of  the  weal  of  those  who  come, 
From  distant  lands  to  seek  a  happy  home. 


flame, 


28 


BLACK   HAWK,   AK» 


XXVXl. 


ii 


il 


Far  on  the  North,  great  Lake  Superior  lies, 

Whose  cloud-capt  towers  salute  the  lofty  skies; 

From  lofty  grounds,  the  streams  descending  flow, 

In  fliUs  and  rapids  to  the  deeps  below. 

The  peaky  clifis  along  its  winding  shore, 

Its  mines  of  copper,  silver,  cover  o'er ; 

Its  pictured  rocks,  and  walls,  and  caves  marine, 

Ten  thousand  isles  enchauting,  tufled  with  green, 

Profuse,  upon  its  glassy  waves  excite, 

In  the  beholder,  wonder  and  delight. 

XXVIII. 

And  here  the  traveller  first  of  copper-mineg 
Did  hear,  on  Lake  Superior's  southern  coast, 
As  claimed  by  IVlichigan,  do  chiefly  lie  ; 
And  of  the  numerous  companies  being  formed. 
For  exploration,  in  the  search  of  ore— 
The  dark  recesses  of  the  earth  to  fathom. 
And  lay  its  treasures  open  to  the  day. 
And  with  the  mining  fever  he  was  ta'en, 
And  set  his  face  to  go  to  Copi)erdom ; 
Anticipation  made  men's  fortunes  sure. 
A  ship  there  bound,  was  ready  to  depart— 
He,  enterprising,  was  the  first  on  board, 
And  soon  was  bounding  o'er  the  Northern  sea, 
Midway  the  lake,  and  ploughing  up  the  deep, 
A  foamy  furrow  made  with  winds  propitious  ; 
Moving  much  faster  o'er  this  field  of  ))attle, 


1^ 


*!" 


SCENES   XX  TUfi    WEST. 


S9 


lies, 
y  skies ; 
ding  flow, 

ro, 

1  marine, 
vitli  green, 


lines 
1  coast, 


formed. 


om. 


en. 


art— 
ird, 

tliern  sea, 
he  deep, 
pitious  ; 
battle, 


^ 


By  steam's  omnipotence  and  canvass  spread, 
TIjan  Perry  moved  with  all  his  martial  force, 
When  he  brought  up  his  tardy  ships  to  action, 
Britannia's  power  curtailed,  and  laid  full  low 
The  champions  powerful  of  a  mighty  king  ; 
And  for  his  country  jirlorious  victory  w^on. 
Purchased  immortal  honor  for  himself. 


XXIX. 

Then  changing  course  somewhat,  they  left  the  lake. 
And  sailing  up  a  river,  found  Detroit ; 
An  ancient  city  peopled  long  from  Gaul— 
And  landing  here,  the  spacious  town  surveyed  ; 
Hamtrammack  viewed,  the  rill  that  ran  with  blood. 
8aw  public  buildings,  elegant  and  large— 
Tuste,  opulence,  refinement,  pride  of  life, 
And  churches  i;hat  did  wear  a  florid  mien, 
Whose  lofty  spires  did  point  to  hope  and  heaven. 
And  here  is  popular  quite  the  Catholic  faith. 
Five  churches,  large,  receive  on  Sabbath  morn 
The  silent  worshippers  of  him  who  died 
Souls  to  redeem.     The  organ's  pleasing  sound 
Assists  devotion,  flings  its  strains  around, 

XXX. 

Upon  a  river,  bearing  name  the  same, 
Between  the  shallow  lakes,  Erie,  St.  Clair, 
The  pleasant  city  lies,  in  prospect  fair. 
The  capitolian  town  of  Michigan  ; 

3*  *     . 


I 


tSi.. 


If 


80 


BLACK    HAWK,   A>D 

A  great  commercial  mart  is  fast  becon.ing.-    - 

Its  history  is  the  history  of  the  State, 
As  you'll  perceive,  by  what  I  hero  relate. 

Rectangular  is  its  form,  its  streets  are  wide, 
And  in  its  centre  terminate  four  road. 
To  Nvit :  Chicago,  Saginaw,  Grand  River, 
Fort  Gratiot,  to  Lake  Huron's  outlet  leading. 
Transition  from  a  spring  prolonged  and  wet, 
To  summer's  heat,  is  sudden.     Vegetation 
Springs  instantaneous-is  of  rapid  growth. 
A  climate  healthful,  a  salubrious  air--    ^ 
A  pleasant  summer,  autumn  mild  and  tair  ; 
A  winter  cold  and  steady-not  much  snow, 
As  on  St.  Lawrence  lies,  far  down  below. 


:H 


XXXI. 

Three  sovereign  kings  have  swayed  their  sceptres  o'er  it. 
Has  changed  five  times  the  flag  of  its  allegiance  : 
Once  burned  to  ashes,  captured  twice  in  war- 
To  landing  of  the  Pilgrims  it  dates  back : 
Was  then  a  stopping-place  for  Courricrs  da  Bois. 
Fort  Gratiot,  Sault  St.  Marie  then  existed, 
Held  by  a  chain  of  forts  this  region  round, 
Were  once  dominion  of  the  king  of  Gaul. 
When  victory  crowned  the  arms  o'  immortal  Wolfe, 
Then  fell  Quebec,  and  all  those  outer  posts,  ^ 
To  Britain's  king,  and  served  as  rallying-pomth 
To  numerous  hordes  of  savages,  that  hung 
Like  Death's  broad  scythe  upon  our  new  frontiers, 
The  cause  of  woes  unnumbered,  boding  fears. 


6CENE3    IN    THK    WF.ST. 


81 


dc, 

r. 
ing. 

>n 
h. 

r; 

V. 


•  sceptres  o'er  it, 
legiance  : 
i  wav— 

i: 

s  da  Bois. 

Led, 

nd, 

il. 

iiortal  Wolfe, 

:)Osts, 

iig-poiiitfe 

ung 

svv  frontiers, 

ijj  fears. 


J 


XXXIX* 

Now  Michigaii'doth  claim  the  copper-mines, 

Oil  Lake  Superior's  southern  side  do  lie. 

But  why  is  this?  says  one,  I  wish  to  know. 

Since  lakes  surround  the  great  peninsula. 

And  other  boundaries  quite  unnatural  seem, 

Enclosing  regions  far  removed  from  hence. 

I'll  tell  you,  since  you  curious  seem  to  know  ; 

'Twill  interest  you,  should  you  not  admire. 

There  was  a  time  when  Michigan  was  young— 

Her  boundary  undefined,  a  strife  begun. 

A  strip,  including  IVIauince's  turbid  stream, 

Ohio  claimed.     Hence  the  Toledo  war  ! 

And  armies  rushed  to  battle  on  each  side ; 

Nor  would  the  weak  unto  the  stronger  yield, 

Resolved  to  try  the  forliuic  of  the  tield. 

Nor  was  it  known  to  what  these  things  would  grow. 

Our  President,  and  Congress  at  his  side. 

Gave  to  Ohio  what  of  land  she  claimed  ; 

For  Michigan  was  yet  a  territory. 

Whose  governor  Congress  could  appoint  at  will ; 

The  acting  governor,  therefore,  was  removed, 

Another  in  his  stead  appointed  they. 

The  Michiganians,  further  to  appease, 

To  them  gave  they  that  territory  wide, 

Extending  on  Superior's  southern  side. 

And  bounded  by  Wisconsin  south  and  west, 

And  thus  forever  lulled  the  feud  to  rest. 

What  heart-felt  joy  do  peaceful  tidings  bring ! 

That  settled  so,  it  was  a  happy  thing  ; 


82 


i 

8 


ULACK    HAWK,    AND 

The  wisdom    of  our  co^^ncil^^  well  (ii -plays, 
With  plcubiirc  \\iU  be  viuwod  in  future  days. 

XXXIII. 

Horc  things  of  intorest  vast  have  oft  transpired  : 

Hero  'twas,  that  dariiij?  warrior,  Pontiac, 

Conceived,  matured  a  plan  to  drive  aK  men 

Of  English  blood  beyond  the  Allefrhanies. 

In  the  recesses  of  his  ^doomy  mind 

He  formed  his  plans  of  death,  brit'f  in  detail, 

As  they  were  terrible  in  execution. 

Nor  was  it  more  or  less  than  to  attack 

Thirteen  welUgarrisoned  Ibrts  al  one  set  hour  — 

Forts  stretchin-v  up  St.  Lawrence  through  the  lakes, 

Down  the  Oiiio,  Wa1)ash,  Mississippi ; 

Niagara  and  Du  Quesne,  among  the  number. 

So  secret  were  his  plans,  ro  prompt  was  he, 

In  executing  all  he  had  resolved, 

Ten  of  these  forls  fc^ll  in  one  single  day, 

And  all  their  inmates  poured  o\\\  life  in  blood — 

For  Pontiac  was  faiihlul  to  the  French, 

Desired  no  change  of  masters.      He  believed 

The  Gaul  his  friend— ihe  English  enemies. 

Said  he,  when  Frenchmen  came,  they  came  and  kissed  US- 

They  called  us  children,  and  we  fouiid  them  fathers; 

We  lived  like  children  with  them  in  the  lodge. 

'Tvvas  never  so  with  English— when  they  came. 

And  took  our  country,  conqu<ning  Quebec, 

Our  numerous  tribes  were  all  dissatisfied. 


^ 


SCENES    IN    THE    WEST. 


ys. 


pired : 


en 


ail, 


hour  — 
h  the  lakes, 

nl)cr. 
he, 


jlood— 

ieved 

ios. 

10  and  kissed  us- 

liem  fathers ; 

s  lodge. 

oy  came, 

oc, 

d. 


xxxiv. 

Pontiac  was  ono  of  those  heroic  men 

Who  stamp  thoir  characters  upon  the  age  : 

An  air  of  princely  grandeur  putting  on, 

>Vas  by  his  sul)jects  honored  and  revered. 

Hence,  when  the  British  olVcers  lirst  arrived 

To  take  possession  of  Detroit,  they  met 

Messages  from  Pontiac,  them  to  inform. 

That  peaceably  was  coming  Pontiac  ; 

Desiring  them  to  halt  and  hoar  his  words. 

His  messengers  were  furthernune  instructed 

T'  inform  the  English  he  was  Pontiac, 

The  king  and  lord  o'  the  country  they  were  in 

He  met  them,  and  demanded  what  their  business 

T'  intrude  on  his  dominions  thus— what  right ; 

And  how  they  dared  come  here  without  his  leave. 

He  thought  and  felt  os  Philip  ere  had  done  ; 

Danger  to  his  dominions  apprehending; 

The^Nvelfare  of  the  Indian  tribes  at  stake. 

The  English'  great  ambition,  and  their  arms. 

And  eagerness  all  countries  to  possess, 

He  looked  upon  as  with  a  jealous  eye. 

Whose  conduct  much  suspicion  had  created. 

The  French  had  always  kindly  treated  Indians ; 

But  Englishmen  had  done  them  great  injustice  ; 

So,  also,  to  King  Louis,  their  French  flither. 

To  whom  lie  faithful  proved,  which  does  him  honor. 

Pontiac,  therefore,  stood  up,  harangued  the  tribes, 

Exhorting  them  to  take  no  English  bribes. 

The  story  of  their  wrongs  at  length  portrayed ; 


.<t^ 


V  ill 


ill 


34  BLACK    HAWK,    AND 

He  also  dreamed  dreams,  and  gave  rewards. 

At  length  his  own  commanding  eloquence 

Secured  entire  co-operation  through 

The  lengthening  lines  of  English  foes'  frontier. 

A  portion  of  the  speech  of  Pontiac 

We  here  will  give,  a  sample  for  the  rest. 

On  long  record  'tis  fit  the  speech  should  stand, 

Memorial  of  the  past.     He  thus  began  : 

Englishmen !  'tis  to  you  that  I  do  speak, 

And  1  demand  attention.  Englishmen  ! 

You  know  the  king  of  France  our  father  is — 

He  promised  to  be  such,  and  so  we  found  him ; 

We  promised,  in  return,  to  be  his  children. 

This  promise  we  have  kept,  and  mean  to  keep. 

'Tis  you  that  have  made  war,  with  this  our  father- 

You  are  his  enemy.     How  have  you,  then. 

Boldness  to  venture  thus  among  his  children  ? 

Now,  Englishmen !  we  are  informed  the  king 

Of  France  is  old,  and  has  become  infirm — 

Fatigued  with  wars  against  his  nation  waged, 

Has  fallen  asleep ;  and  during  interval. 

You've  ta'en  advantage  of  his  lying  down, 

To  seize  on  his  possessions — Canada. 

But  now  his  nap  is  almost  at  an  end  ; 

I  think  I  hear  him  stirring  up  himself. 

And  asking  how  his  children  fare — the  Indians. 

When  he  awakes,  what  will  become  of  you. 

And  your  possessions  ?     He  will  you  destroy  I 

Now  Pontiac,  upon  the  eve  of  war, 

As  other  kings  and  emperors  erst  have  done, 

Made  money,  bills  of  credit,  to  defray 


ft,' 


.'ards. 

ICC 

frontier. 

it. 

d  stand, 


r  IS — 
nd  him ; 
ten. 

to  keep. 
I  our  fatlier- 
lien, 
ildren  1 
\e  king 
m — 
waged, 

wn, 


Indians, 
f  you, 
iestroy  I 

}  done, 


SCENES    I^-    THE    WEST. 

The  war's  expense,  which  his  invention  proves. 
Each  bore  an  otter's  form,  impressed  on  back, 
The  article  he  promised  in  excliange  ; 
And  under  it  his  arms.     These  bills  of  credit, 
The  first  in  Michigan,  though  strange  to  tell. 
Were  punctually  redoenied.     Glad  might  we  be. 
Could  we  with  equal  truth  aflirm  the  same. 
Concerning  some  since  issued,  that  did  bear 
A  wild-cat's  impress — not  on  bark,  but  paper ; 
Shin-plasters,  good  for  nought  but  burning  taper. 

XXXV. 

The  British  posts  on  Michigan  to  seize, 

Lake  Erie,  Huron,  Presque  Isle,  and  Le  Boeuf, 

Venango,  Pittsburgh,  others,  and  destroy, 

By  well-concerted  action,  in  one  day, 

The  troops,  as  we  have  said,  embraced  his  scheme, 

He  next  would  take  possession  of  the  country. 

The  coming  in  of  British  troops  prevent ; 

In  their  defence  unite  the  Western  tribes. 

His  preparations  being  at  length  completed, 

Quite  early  in  the  pleasant  month  of  May, 

On  all,  from  Fort  Niagara  to  Green  Bay, 

There  fell  the  stroke  of  death  in  one  concerted  houi  j 

Niagara   Pittsburgh,  and  Detroit  except. 

Viewed  as  the  most  important  post,  Detroit, 

By  Pontiac  in  person,  was  assailed  ; 

But,  by  an  act  most  fortunate,  it  failed. 

For  in  Detroit  had  Pontiac  a  friend 

He  wished  to  save  ;  and,  to  accomplish  this, 


35 


36 


BLACK    HAWK,    AND 


SI 


Revealed  too  much.     On  the  appointed  day, 

He  went  to  the  city  gate,  rcfinosting  audience. 

His  plan  was  this,  and  it  was  well  conceived 

He  was  to  meet  the  British  chief  in  council, 

Harangue  him  there,  on  national  ailiiirs  ; 

And  when,  with  voice  vociferous  and  loud, 

To  give  a  belt  of  v.ainpum  he  essayed, 

The  sijiiial  of  attack,  then  those  with  him 

Should  strike  the  council  down,  then  ope'  the  gates, 

And  let  their  warriors  in  ;  and  I'.uis  the  power 

Of  Britain's  king  and  host  annihilate. 

But  this  instead,  their  troops  were  well  prepared. 

Before  the  well-concerted- i^ignal  came, 

To  leave  of  ail  their  friends  nought  but  the  name, 

The  drums  did  beat  to  arms — iho  olf'cers  drew 

Their  glittering  swords — the  guards  their  pieces  levelled. 

He  who  had  fought  in  many  battles  brave. 

And  led  his  legions  oft  to  victory, 

His  plans  revealed  l)elield,  and  folt  chagrin. 

Soon  came  the  tidings  o'er  the  mighty  deep, 

The  English  king  had  yielded  peace  to  Gaul. 

Desj)atched  three  thousand  soldiers  to  Detroit, 

Pontiac  to  overcome,  and  save  the  place. 

A  general  peace  succeeds  :  no  pleasant  gales 

The  sound  uf  carnage  wall  throughout  our  vales. 


4*^ 


^ 
^ 


xx.vvi. 


pontiac,  distrustfid  of  the  English  still, 
Exasperate,  all  intercourse  declined— 
His  seat  abandoned,  went  to  Illinois. 


.SCENES    IN    THE    WEST. 


37 


lay, 
liencc. 
inved 
iicil, 

« 

id. 


j'  tho  gate9» 
power 

prepared. 

he  name, 

;s  drew 

Ir  pieces  levelled. 

vc, 

rill. 

LH'p, 

Gunl. 
)etroit, 

• 

gales 
►ur  vales. 


Here,  for  some  cause  we've  never  heard  explained, 

IJv  hand  of  a  Peorlan  he  died. 

The  Indians  cherished  too  much  native  pride 

To  let  his  death  go  nnrevenged  for  aye. 

Viewing  as  public  loss  to  all  the  tribes 

His  death,  a  national  calamity  of  note, 

Considering  its  otonement  sacred  duty, 

The  Pottawatamies,  the  Chii)peways, 

And  Ottawas,  together  rose  as  one, 

Against  Peoria  Inditms,  to  the  war. 

To  their  assistance,  prompt,  Peorians  drew 

T»vo  other  tri])es,  Kaskaskias  and  Cahokies 

Who  almost  underwent  extermination, 

Before  this  fatal  war  was  brought  to  close. 

Such  the  respect  his  talents  had  inspired, 

And  services  unto  his  people  done. 

Live  on,  O  mighty  prince  of  Ottawa! 

Live  in  thy  people's  hearts,  while  they  remain — 

Until  they  fall,  and  dwindle  out  of  sight! 

Thy  memory,  chief!  thy  country  has  embahnedl 

They  call  their  children  for  thee,  Pontiac ! 

XXXVII, 

Yet  more  the  scenes  that  appertain,  we  tell; 
For  here  Tecumseli  rose,  and  reigned— and  fell  1 
This  name,  magnanim<Hi3 — we  feel  its  power  ; 
A  sudden  glow  of  admiration  thrilling 
Quick  through  our  hearts.     He  that  participated 
In  all  the  wars,  from  Hariner's  sad  defeat, 
To  Thamos's  victory— where  his  spirit  fled— 

4 


I 


38  BLACK    HAWK,    AM> 

Through  life,  \vho  left  no  stain  upon  his  honor} 

Proctor,  at  Raisin,  sharply  did  rebuke, 

For  cruelties  unto  our  people  done. 

When  Proctor  sought  to  make  him  British  general, 

And  gave  him  a  commission  thus  empowered, 

He  threw  the  voucher  back  with  marked  contempt, 

Declaring  that  to  them  he  was  allied 

For  his  country's  good,  and  sought  for  nothing  mord* 

As  did  Napoleon,  in  his  palmiest  days, 

O'er  the  light  hearts  of  Frenchmen  exercise 

A  sway  unlimited,  so  did  this  man, 

Like  to  that  mighty  warrior,  bear  a  sway— 

A  power  unlimited  o'er  the  savage  tribes ; 

His  impress  stamping  on  the  age  he  lived. 

O !   had  he  fallen  but  on  our  free-born  soil, 

Enemy  as  he  was,  the  spot  would  been 

Considered  sacred — marked  by  marble  tomb, 

The  place  where  great  Tecumsch  fought  and  died  f 

XXXVIII, 

The  pioneer  would  here  protract  his  stay, 
Glad  from  his  journey  sufler  more  delay. 
To  view  more  of  this  pleasant  town  and  State, 
With  all  the  things  that  unto  it  relate- 
More  of  its  history,  legends,  scenery  learn. 
Nought  but  the  hope  he  should  again  return, 
Consoled  him  to  consent  to  leave  the  ground, 
Where  sacred  reminiscences  abound. 
But  now  he  must  be  gone ;  the  winds  invite—™ 
The  vessel  floats,  and  spreads  her  canvass  white ; 


I 


SCENES   l^-   THE    WEST. 


99 


louor  I 


h  general, 

M-ed, 

contempt, 

thing  mord. 
ise 


I. 


mb, 

and  died ! 


state, 


rn, 
und, 

Ite*- 


white } 


Begins  to  plough  the  foamy  billows  wide, 

And,  upward  bound,  to  stem  the  current's  tide ; 

The  river  threads,  emerging  to  St.  Clair, 

Whose  shallow  flats  are  soil— her  keel,  the  share. 

Then  up  this  lake,  through  river  of  this  name, 

Lake  Huron  enters,  like  the  rolling  main. 

Then,  sailing  through  midway,  at  length  they  view 

The  straits  of  Mackiiia,  and  harbor  too. 

They  reach  the  peaceful  land,  their  vessel  moor, 

Proud  of  their  country's  flag,  they  go  on  shore. 

Here  France  and  England,  once,  by  turns,  bore  sway, 

And  urge  us  to  relate  what  passed  another  day. 

XXXIX 

The  isle  of  Mackina  stands  in  the  straits, 

Romantic,  beautiful,  in  all  its  traits. 

A  lofty  fort  is  there,  and  garrisoned 

By  our  own  countrymen  ;  and  high  above, 

The  starry.spangled  banner  waves  o'er  all. 

The  town  looks  ancient  and  dilapidated  ; 

The  houses  low,  and  small,  and  much  decayed. 

Here  Indians  come  to  trade,  and  In-ing  their  furs. 
Large  quantities  of  trout  here,  too,  are  caught, 
And  white-fish,  both  of  high  delicious  flavor, 
And  fowls,  that  can't  be  bartered  for  a  better. 
The  traveller  wanders  'long  the  pleasant  lake, 
Pure  is  the  air,  and  bright  the  beaming  sun ; 
His  brow  is  fanned  by  breezes  wild  and  soft— 
On  pearly  sands  the  wave  in  music  dies. 
The  Indian's  upturned  bark  is  on  the  shore, 


rff 


I 


40  BLA(K    HAWK,    ANH 

And  he  is  1)tisking  in  some  sunny  \)L  < 

The  dream  of  what  he's  lost,  dislurhs  liis  shimbers, 

While  he  looks  on  the  land  that  once  was  his. 

For  ho  remembers  when,  with  freedom,  ho 

Danced  o'er  the  waves  ;  and  when  the  altars  stood, 

Raised  by  his  father's  hands,  their  gods  of  yore 

To  worship ;  and  the  mounds  where  they  were  laid. 

Three  sovereign  kings  have  swayed  their  sceptres  here, 

The  spot  still  teeming  with  their  heroes'  blood. 

The  Britain,  son  of  Gaul,  the  red  man's  bones, 

Together  mingle  in  their  mouldering  cells. 

Laid  down  in  peace,  no  feuds  can  there  arise 

To  cloud  the  atmosphere  of  better  skies  ; 

They  dwell  in  quiet,  in  one  common  lot, 

Their  envv,  and  the  cause  of  strife  forgot. 


XL. 

From  red  men  unto  Gallia,  passed  this  islo 

Britain  from  Gallia  took  it ;  next  it  fell 

By  Pontiac ;  and  next  was  it  transferred 

To  us,  when  war  of  indej)endence  closed. 

In  the  last  war  by  Britain  captured  was, 

In  after-peace  agnin  to  us  re.-tored. 

The  following  is  the  stratagem  pursued 

By  red  men,  in  the  war  of  Ponliac, 

From  bold  Britannia's  power,  the  place  to  wrest  : 

For  a  game  of  ball  prepared  the  Ottawas  ; 

Invited  to  it  all  the  British  cfFcers. 

Now,  while  the  Indians  played,  one  of  their  innnber 

Ran  towards  the  fort,  the  others  after  him. 


^         »> 


slmnljers, 
his. 

ars  stood, 
f  yore 
wPic  laid, 
sceptres  here, 
blood, 
(oues, 
)• 
rlso 


>  wrest : 

« 

eir  1}  umber 
1. 


The  lifiU  that  way  was  thrown,  an(l  once  or  twice 

Over  the  pickets,  quite  within  the  fort. 

The  ofl'cers  were  well  pleased  to  see  the  sport, 

And,  unsuspecting,  let  the  players  go 

Into  the  fort,  and  bring  the  ball  from  thence. 

The  garrison,  as  spectators,  stood  around, 

And  tho.^e  on  duty,  present,  ofl'  their  guard. 

Again  into  the  fort  was  thrown  the  ball, 

The  Indians,  after  it,  did  all  rush  in. 

The  rest  is  quickly  told ;  the  soldiers  slain, 

Tlie  fort  demolish— left  a  heap  of  ruins. 

XLI. 

Bent  on  his  voyage,  th'  adventurous  pioneer, 
In  steamer  for  St.  Marie's,  did  embark. 
This  wav,  for  diverse  scenery,  beautiful 
And  bold,  sublimely  doth  transcend  all  others 
For  tourist,  in  midsunmier's  pleasant  voyage. 
For  in  his  path  ten  thousand  islands  lie, 
Whose  beauty  is  proverbial.     These  among. 
The  steamer  winds  her  devious  way ;  of  shapes 
And  sizes  various,  and  about  whose  shores 
The  clear  blue  waters  are  of  wondrous  depth. 
Some  large,  with  sugar  maple  forest  crowned  ; 
Some  small,  composed  of  rock.     AVhat  trees  do  grow 
On  these,  spring  from  the  scams  of  creviced  rocks. 
Some  bear  upon  thcii  brow  the  silver  fir, 
The  stinted  pine  and  cedar,  thronged  with  birds 
Of  sweetest  song  ;  while  others,  merely  rocks. 
High,  naked,  and  stupendous,  perpendicular ; 

4* 


It 


42 


BLACK    HAWK,    AND 

Tlieir  area  from  the  buttoni  soein  to  hold, 
Like  pyramids  ol"  Egypt,  Grecian  toxvers, 
Aiul  show  a  freak  of  nature  once  was  here, 
That  broke  them  off  from  other  lands,  perchance. 
The  iskmds  thicken  still,  as  he  proceeds- 
No  inexperienced  pilot  need  come  here  ; 
For  he  would  never  find  his  way  out  more, 
Or  extricate  his  vessel.     Caverns  deep, 
In  island  rocks,  oft  show  themselves,  and  some 
Spread  out  green,  grassy  meadows,  where  no  lawn, 
Or  other  creature,  crops  the  verdant  lawn. 
Upon  the  island  shores  and  points  projecting, 
The  Indian's  wigwam  is  discovered  oil. 
Children  of  nature  !  ply  your  labors  here 
Procuring  fish,  almost  your  only  food; 

In  primitive  state  content,  and  ever  free 
From  cares,  restraints,  and  pride  of  civil  life. 
To  fashion's  frown  you're  not  amenable, 
That  like  a  tyrant  governs  and  enslaves  ! 

XLII. 

St.  Marie's  reached— the  rapids  here  obstruct, 
Oblige  to  cross  the  portage,  shun  the  falls. 
Fort^Brady  shows  itself— its  standards  wave 
O'er  that  great  sea,  whose  waters  do  it  lave. 
Nations  and  native  tribes  do  here  resort ; 
Upon  these  rapids  catch  unnumbered  fish. 
Here,  too,  an  Indian  reservation  lies— 
A  town  of  fifty  houses  here  is  built; 
Two  hundred  souls,  of  different  nations,  tongues, 
Repose  within— while  Indians  lodge  without. 


-^sm^ 


SCKNES    IN    THE    WEST. 


43 


chance. 


•e, 

some 
Q  no  fawn, 
1. 
ting, 


life. 


istriict, 
lis. 
save 
lave. 

t; 
ih. 


tongues, 
thout, 


I„  „,ea>.cr  .UvcUing.,  of  their  o*..  conslrucl.un. 

Hoio  is  in  view  a  inissionaiy  school  i 

[t.wlse,  fur  companies  have  ll>ei,-  stat.ons  here- 

Post-omce,  house  of  customs,  Ind.an  agents. 

Out  of  the  world,  not  quite,  but  nearly  so, 

ut  traveller  thought,  but  still  would  further  go. 

XLTII. 

Intending  thence  to  coast  the  lake  along, 
Exploring,  he  engaged  a  bark  canoe- 
A  voyager,  too,  who  understood  the  coast, 
And  well  the  management  of  snch  a  cratt, 
Doth  oft  the  heavenly  canopy  survey, 
For  indications  of  approaching  storms  ; 
A  l30ok,  hy  him  long  studied,  and  familiar. 
Blankets,  a  tent,  provisions  for  the  way, 
And  each  utensil  needful,  he  laid  in. 
Before  he  started  on  that  voyage  of  hope. 
Also  his  dress  a  change  did  undergo, 
For  one,  for  such  a  voyage,  was  more  befitting 
A  pair  of  boots,  thick  soled,  a  coat  of  canvass, 
Reaching  low  down;  and  pantaloon  same  cloth, 
Supported  round  the  waist  with  leather  belts, 
In  which  to  carry  hatchet,  knife  and  pouch. 
Tarpaulin  hat,  wide  brim,  and  low  round  cro^^^, 
As  best  to  turn  thick  brush,  and  what  rams  down. 
A  pocket  compass,  pipe,  chart,  and,  in  fine, 
A  gun,  and  ammunition,  fish-hooks,  and  a  hne. 

XLIV. 

He  embarks,  and  gains  that  day  Point  Iroquois  ; 
A  name  significant  of  great  event— 


uM^ 


'* 


44  BLACK    HAWK,    AND 

For  horo  the  Irofpiois  cncanipcrl  and  slopf, 

Bent  on  death's  errand  to  the  Cliippownyd. 

The  Chippeways,  aware  of  their  intent, 

When  night  had  fhuig  her  sombre  shadows  down, 

Came  with  an  army  irom  the  other  shore ; 

An  omen  good,  their  prophets  had  dechired  ; 

FeJl  on  them  by  h-urprise,  a  rainy  night, 

Their  bones  in  heaps  lie  bleaching  on  this  height. 

XLV. 

In  journeying  thence  abng  a  pleasant  coast, 

He  passed  two  rivers,  sand-banks  l)reaking  through. 

The  weather  fair,  serene  the  sky,  and  bright, 

A  gentle  breeze  that  raised  no  biUowy  hilb 

Upon  the  surface  of  St.  Marie's  Hood  ; 

Reached  White-Fish  Point,  and  saw  the  opening  lake, 

Far  as  the  eye  could  reach,  interminable. 

Its  southern  side  to  coast  is  liis  intent. 

The  coast  runs  west  and  southwest ;  sand-hills  rear 

Aloft  their  stecpy  sides  for  many  a  mile. 

Fassed  two  more  rivers  that  had  found  their  way 

Quite  to  the  coast,  by  sand-hills  breaking  through 

Of  wondrous  steepness,  came  to  Hurricane— 

A  bay  with  sandy  shores  :  a  harbor  made. 

Thence  coasting  west,  fell  in  with  pictured  rockff 

Extending  many  miles.     'J'he  height  thereof 

Three  hundred  feet  of  perpendicuhir  wall, 

Colored  with  various  bright  and  l)oauteous  tints 

A  sight  more  picturesque  is  seldom  seen ; 

The  waters  at  their  base  are  emerald  green, 

And  vastly  deep,  where  vessels  float  beside. 


SSSaSftSt 


4 


s  down, 
> 

1; 

s  height. 


.St, 


lo-  tliroiigli. 


(r 

o 

lis 


hf, 


Dpciilng  lake, 


l-hills  rear 


01  r  way 
;  through 
lie— • 

B. 

xl  rockff 
•eof 


IS  tUitS 

» 

3en, 
[le. 


SCHNKS    IN    THE    \VE<!T. 

Of  half  a  mile  successive  curves  appear, 
Like  paujtcd  walls  of  amphitheatre, 
Approaching  semi-circle  all  the  way, 
Save  interruption  by  a  gentle  rill. 
Or  cascade  fmm  the  summit  leaping  down. 
Who  looks  up  here,  from  shallow  boat  beneath, 
Will  dread  the  sight,  and  fear  the  mountain's  fall. 
Here,  beautifully  formed,  do  show  themselves. 
Caves,  domes,  rotimdos,  with  their  arched  doors. 
He  entered  one  of  these  which  widens  out. 
Extending  almost  to  the  height  its  hollow. 
The  Doric  Rock,  the  Pulpit,  Do  Partaille, 
Of  scenery  grand,  and  beauty  unsurpassed — 
All  these  he  viewed  with  wonder  and  delight; 
And  looking  upwajd  to  the  topmost  height, 
A  growth  of  evergreens  and  silver  fir  beheld. 

XLVI. 

Then  sailing  thence.  Grand  Island  next  ho  saw, 

Famed  lor  its  safe  commodious  harbor,  where 

Access  is  easy  ;  locked  up  in  its  nook. 

To  tempests,  winds,  and  storms,  delianco  bid. 

The  isle  is  fertile.     Hero  resides  a  man 

With  all  his  household,  here  to  dwell  well  pleased. 

Embarking  thence,  along  a  winding  coast. 

Indented  much  with  bays,  some  large,  some  small, 

Some  rivulet  oft  tundjling  down  the  wall. 

Or  intersecting  deep  the  towering  banks. 

With  verdure  crowned,  where  grows  the  silver  fir, 

The  cedar  tall,  and  pine  of  stinted  growth  } 


45 


.  1  ■  ^1 


46 


\Vh 


crc  nvcr 


BLACK    HAWK,   AND 

Laiif^hinff-Fish,  and  Chocolate  stream, 


how — 


Our  ^vil(l  advoiitiiror's  jjrompt  iitliMition  ( 
ChioHy  the  Chocohito,  ho  named  from  its  hue 


And  color  of  its  w 


atcrs,  this  reso 


mblin* 


At  distance  from  ihe  lake,  a  mountain  rises, 
And  Icnsthening  far,  doth  form  a  separation 


Rctween  the  streams  which  llow  to  north  and  south. 
The  northern  streams  Superior's  waters  ti-cd, 
The  southern  swell  Cfreen  Bay  or  Mississippi. 
Here,  on  this  mountain's  nortliern  side,  there  lies 
A  lake  from  which  this  river  takes  its  rise, 
And  winds  along  a  level  i)lain  one  side. 
But  bounded  on  the  west  by  rocky  hills- 
Commencement  of  the  mi'.'.oral  region,  shows 
The  eastern  bounds  thereof.     ( Joo<l  is  the  soil 
Along  the  river's  rich  luxuriant  vale  ; 
The  sugar-maple,  ash,  and  towering  oak. 
White  bass-wood,  stalely  pines,  and  walnuis  grow. 
And  here  begin  the  trapian  range  of  hills, 
Still  rising  up  above  the  sandstone  strata ; 
Thence  running  west,  the  mineral  region  through. 
Thence  coasting  west,  he  passed  the  mouths  of  rivers, 
Pouring  their  silvery  contents  in  the  Inke, 
And  several  islands,  small,  but  l)eautilul, 
Until  to  Huron's  ample-  stream  he  came. 
That  has  its  source  with  great  Menominee, 
Which  runs  a  southern  course,  and  swells  Crccn  Bay; 
And  with  Ontonagon's  more  northern  river, 
Poured  i'rom  a  ridge  of  mountain  elevation  ; 
The  haunts  where  game  abounds  meandering  through  ; 
And  where  the  lordly  Indian  makes  his  hunt — 


SCKMuS    IN    Tllli    WRST. 


47 


1(1  south, 

J, 
pi. 
e  lies 


)il 


s  grow. 

liroiif];h. 
us  of  rivers, 


Green  Bay; 


ng  through  ; 
lit— 


A  country  rich  in  soil  jukI  fomst-troes. 

Next  Huron  Isles,  antl  Huron  Mount.-iin^j  came, 

And  Toint  AM)aya,  of  iuiportaut  name. 

Tlienco,  crossing  Keweenaw,  at  length  they  reach 

Great  iManitou,  or  Spirit  Islaml  called; 

Once  by  the  natives  was  supposed  to  bo 

The  residence  special  of  the  Deity. 


XL  VII. 

Methinks  T  hear  th'  impatient  reader  sigh  , 

In  what  rich  region  doth  tli'  rnineral  lie  ? 

'JMie  primary  rocks  are  granite,  and  extend 

From  little  Presfpje  hdc's  rocky  point,  thence  west. 

These  (kinking  on  the  northwest,  and  the  north, 

Are  trapian  rorks,  a  scries  of  hig'.i  hills— 

Ranges  extending  tar  along  the  coast,  ». 

From  Keweenaw,  (piitc  to  Ontonagon  ; 

Where,  with  Mount  I'orcupine,  they  are  confounded. 

Yet  they  continue  westward  'long  the  coast, 

Find)racing  all  the  southern  side  the  lake. 

And  isles  thereof,  Isle  Royal  and  Lapoint. 

In  these  the  choicest  minerals  do  abound  ; 

And  riches  are  concealed  beneath  the  ground, 

In  all  the  seams  and  crevices  of  the  rocks. 

As  though  volcanic  fires  had  split  them  ope', 

In  all  this  region,  by  a  great  uplift. 

And  poured  the  melted  mineral  in  their  seams  ; 

Here  signs  of  great  disturbance  nature  showing. 

Quartz,  amethystine,  common,  radiated. 

Cornelian,  chalcedony,  amianthus. 


n 


PHWPI 


48 


BLACK    HAWK,    AND 

Jasper,  calcareous  spar,  and  copper,  native  ; 

Black,  pyritous,  with  all  its  carbonates  ; 

Ferruginous,  lead,  iron,  manganese, 

And  native  silver,  safely  stored  away. 

Conglomerate  rock,  the  mixed,  and  sandstone  red, 

Contain  like  minerals,  with  silicious  zinc. 

The  mineral  veins  these  rocks  traversing  through, 

And  what  relation  they  to  each  do  boai-, 

Require  attention,  to  distinguish  well— 

The  choicest  from  the  spurious  kind  to  judge. 

Those  which  the  laky  shore  do  intersect. 

Are  found  in  sheets,  and  covered  with  white  spar, 

Reaching  into  the  lake  some  distance  out, 

Where  rocks  which  weigh  a  half  ton  are  cut  off, 

Of  native  copper  ;  which,  in  boulders,  there 

Disseminated,  on  the  coast  appears. 

In  one  such  vein,  or  trunky  sheet  as  this. 

To  wit:  the  Pittsburgh  and  Bostouian  mine, 

A  thousand  tons  of  copper  may  be  seen 

At  single  view.     But  how  to  raise  such  masses, 

Detach  them  from  their  beds  of  solid  metal. 

The  trouble  is,  requiring  art  and  time. 

But  what  can't  persevering  Yankees  do  ? 

E'en  now,  at  Copper  Falls,  a  solid  rocU, 
Of  fifteen  tons,  has  been  cut  out  and  raised, 
Much  be  their  enterprise  and  labor  praised. 
Sometimes  the  copper,  sometimes  silver,  native, 
In  equal  quantities,  attached,  are  found  ; 
Silver  in  globules  in  one  copper  rock. 
Has  been  assayed,  and  found  of  value  more. 
In  this  good  land  of  mountain,  fire,  and  Hood — 


SCENES    IN    THE    WEST. 


%  Where  summer's  farther  up  the  arch  of  iiignt, 
And  social  bliss  is  absent  much  from  men. 


49 


III 


1, 


XLVIII. 

Off  Copper  Harbor,  where  Fort  Wilkins  stands, 

At  length  appeared  the  weary  voyager's  bark. 

First  easy  of  access,  by  sailinjr  south, 

The  entrance  wide  and  straight,  and  water  deep. 

Upon  the  eastern  side  the  mainland  lies — 

On  west,  Isle  Porter  shows  a  rocky  front. 

When  got  within,  to  westward  change  their  course, 

Turning  a  dangerous  elbow,  where,  in  front, 

Ca:<t  on  the  fatal  rocks,  brig  Asfor  lies  ; 

Warning  to  seamen,  dangers  there  to  shun, 

Wlien  seas  are  rough,  and  rugged  shores  too  near— 

To  liokl  the  ship  secure,  no  anciioring  ground. 

Saik'd  up  unto  the  harbor's  western  bound, 

And  anchored  where  was  safety  from  a''.  .  torms. 

Weary  of  coasting,  landing  on  that  shoio, 

He  leaves  awhile  the  sea,  the  country  to  explore. 


ir 


XLIX. 


Then,  going  south,  discovered  Fanny  Hoe, 
A  little  Kike,  surrounded  by  high  hill*-. 
The  liighest  scrambled  up,  and  from  the  top 
Behekl  the  morning  glories  of  the  sun. 
As  first  he  burnislied  forest-trees  with  gold. 
The  mountains  cast  their  shadows  on  the  lake, 
^Vith  so  much  truthtulness,  that,  by  mistake, 
Illusive  ground  one  might  attempt  to  tread. 


00 


BLACK    lIA'.VIv,   AM> 

Upon  the  right,  the  whitened  buildings  stood, 

or  old  Fort  Willdns.     iMorning  zephyrs  blew, 

And  softly  played  upon  our  country's  ling, 

The  Union's  stars  and  stripes  di-^tending  well. 

One  mile  southwest,  he  saw  Lake  Manganese, 

A  tributary  to  the  first  we  named  ; 

Which,  by  a  tail  precipitous  and  steep, 

Has  made  a  chasm,  and  ope'd  a  white  spar  vein*; 

Has  underneath  a  vein  of  manganese, 

Still  lower  down  succeeds  a  vein  of  spar. 

Mountains  the  margin  of  the  lake  salute, 
Whose  waters  are  transparent,  cool,  and  <\rv\^, 
Surrounded  by  a  pebbly  white  sand  bead;. 
These  smaller  lakes,  as  doth  Superior  great, 
In  plenteous  lish,  of  various  name-?,  uljountl ; 
To  wit :  the  white-iish,  trout,  and  si.<kowet. 
And  others  ;  speckled  trout  in  all  the  streuju.s. 


3Ieanwhile,  at  Copi)cr  Harbor,  there  arrived 
Steamers,  with  many  innnigranls  on  board, 
Who  seemed  to  have  a  copper  fever  on  tijeni. 
Come  from  all  parts,  elated  with  high  hopi'.s 
Of  soon  becoming  wealthy  in  their  prime, 
By  snatching  up  the  treasures  here  dispeir-sed — 
E'en  mining  Cornwall  diseudjogues  her  r^ons. 
Of  these,  one  long  engaged  in  r>ritish  lulucs 
Seemed  much  astonished,  and  l>ewildeved  quite, 
That  Yankees,  unexperienced  in  the  art, 
And  for  the  business  never  educated. 


■M^ 


SE 


It' I 


SCENES   Iff  TUB   WEST. 

Should  understand,  and  carry  it  on  so  well. 

To  which  our  traveller  answered  promptly  thus : 

1  hink  you  the  Yankees  are  such  dunderheads  ? 

Did  they  not  whip  King  George  and  all  his  legions  ? 
H.S  seventeen  thousand  Hessian  hirelings,  too  ? 
And  Johnny  Bull  discomfit  on  the  sea, 
And  t(  rminato  all  wars  with  victory  ?' 
And  do  not  their  inventions  head  the  world  ? 
Why,  sir!  a  Yankee,  with  his  natural  'cuteness, 
\V  ,sconsu,  mountains  could  look  through  with  ease, 
li  he  l)ut  thought  that  nJneral  there  was  hid. 

Meanwhile,  moro  vesscis  constantly  arrive,       • 
^y  Jth  loads  of  miners,  speculators,  dirrcrers. 
And  amateurs,  of  various  minds  and  figures 

In  search  ofwealth,ofEl  Dorado,  north.    ' 
A  glorious  prospect,  those  of  Copper  Falls  ; 
Tor  there,  not  only  copper  rock  is  Cound, 
lint  sdver,  too,  in  quantities  obtained. 

And  ifthe  stories  that  wo  hear,  be  true, 
0<  all  the  wonders  lately  here  disclosed, 
Copper  and  silver  will  be  dregs  in  market. 
Ivach  person,  here,  entitled  to  respect, 
Sports  a  tremendous  ring,  well  hammered  out, 
Ut  native  silver;  and  enclosing  in  it 

An  agate,  from  Superior's  mining  shore. 
Many  locations,  excellent,  are  made 
ny  numerous  companies,  on  the  Eagle,  Dead, 
And  Mining  rivers-Portage,  Lake  La  Belle. 
Houghton,  geologist  of  Michigan, 
Immortal  wight,  was  sent,  this  coasi  to  .can. 


61 


•aBUWM 


I 


52 


BLACS   HAWK,  AND 


What  to  the  wonder  of  the  world,  he  found 

His  geological  surveys  amidst, 

On  the  Ontonagon,  a  copper  rock. 

He  finished  his  surveys,  and  left  the  placft  j 

After  eight  years  had  fled,  again  returning, 

His  hatchet  lying  on  the  rock  still  found ; 

No  mortal  footstep  had  intruded  there  ;  ^ 

No  mortal  eye  had  seen  it,  save  hiuisolf. 

'Twas  to  our  country's  capital  conveyed, 

Where,  safely  stored,  it  long,  long  may  bo  seen. 

Such  great  discoveries  have  been  mado-of  late, 

Of  riches  inexhaustible,  here  hid— 

Of  copper,  iron,  silver,  zinc,  and  gold, 

As  well  to  warrant  the  belief  of  some, 

This  country's  mines  will  distance  all  the  world, 

Peru  and  Mexico  excepting  scarce. 

As  richer,  easier  of  access  than  others,  ^ 

Less  digging,  blasting,  pumping,  is  refiuired; 

And  here  is  realized  whatever  mines  inspired. 

A  thousand  companies  have  locatiuns  here — 

Bounds  for  research,  are  well  defined  and  clear; 

Aid  there,  upon  that  soil,  whatever  found, 

t     c  ten  per  cent,  is  theirs,  bencatli  the  ground. 


LIII. 


First  rock,  before  alluded  to,  was  found 

Up  the  Ontonagon.     In  other  places, 

Many,  much  larger,  since  have  been  disclosed. 


I 


BCENES  IN  THE    WEST. 

This  river,  with  Menominee,  of  Green  Bay, 

Wisconsin,  ofMiss'ippi,  Chlppeway, 

Kises  in  Mouulains  Porcupine,  and  flows 

North,  into  Lake  Superior ;  near  midway 

or  Michigan's  large  tract,  from  cast  to  west. 

Ontonagon,  the  river  most  important, 

"Whoso  tributaries  rise  in  little  lakes ; 

A  harbor  good,  and  easy  of  access, 

It  hath,  with  eight  feet  water  on  the  bar. 

Full  at  its  entrance  lies  an  island  lair; 

Tests  agricultural  newly  have  been  made, 

Upon  this  river's  rich,  luxuriant  soil ; 

Potatoes,  wheat,  rye,  oats,  and  corn  producing : 

The  forests  on  its  banks  consist  of  oak. 

Birch,  sugar.maple,  hemlock,  lynn,  pine,  fir. 

Once,  on  its  banks  stood  Indian  villages ; 

Fur  company,  here  location  once  possessed. 

Legends  traditionary  say  the  river. 

From  circumstance  as  tollows,  name  derived : 

When  peopled  first  by  Indians,  came  a  girl 

With  a  large  bowl,  unto  the  water's  edge  : 

With  careless  hand  filled  it  but  partially. 

Attention  turnii.g  to  some  other  things. 

Escaping  her,  it  floated  down  the  stream. 

She  cried,  On-ton-a-gon !  On-ton-a-gon  ! 

My  bowl !  my  bowl  is  gone !  and  hence  the  name. 


53 


LIV. 


The  Indians,  either  from  tradition  gray. 
Of  of  design,  expecting  large  reward 

5* 


64 


BL.VCR    HAWK,    ANI> 


For  such  a  search,  explorers  have  iuformed, 
Of  a  pure  copper  rock,  of  size  iininense — 
Large  as  a  mansion-house,  and  situate 
Near  the  head  waters  of  this  golden  river ; 
And  in  Lake  Desert's  airy  neighborhood. 
Adventurers  have  employed  them  oft  as  guides — 
High  wages  given,  and  travelled  many  days 
In  fond  pursuit  of  what  they  never  found. 
When  one  such  traveller,  after  long  time  spent, 
Gave  o'er  pursuit,  declaring  his  intent, 
His  wily  guide  did  him  inform  straightway, 
That  they  could  reach  the  place  in  half  a  day ; 
But  vexed,  and  faithless,  would  no  further  go — 
And  thus  the  rock,  Kidd's  money,  like,  remains. 
The  last  three  leagues  of  its  descent  sublime, 
A  thousand  feet  from  high  this  river  falls ; 
The  trapian  rocks  lays  bare,  that  forms  its  bed, 
And  mineral  veins  that  traverse  them  throughout, 
Containing  copper,  in  its  native  state, 
And  silver  that's  first  rale,  experience  proves. 
But  everything  in  mining,  here,  is  new— 
Among  the  numerous  companies  formed,  but  few 
Have  wrought  at  all;  but  there's  in  expectation 
Sufficient  to  secure  a  world's  salvation  ; 
At  least,  so  far  as  mining  wealth  can  go ; 
For  which  procure  we  all  we  want  below. 
Riches  !  who  don't  desire  they  should  be  given? 
With  these,  we  purchase  everything— but  heaven ! 


BCENE9    IN   THE   WEST. 


65 


hV. 

Tho  centre  of  a  rising  State  is  here, 
If  I  am  either  propliot,  saint,  or  seer. 
This  is  the  peacollil  shephertl's  country,  too, 
Here  may  hi,s  harmless  flocks  his  calls  pursue; 
And  roam  on  mountaIn^s  side,  o'er  dale  and  hill, 
And  drink  the  crystal  \vater.>5  when  thoy  v/ill. 
Iti^  nilll.ig  streams,  in  cataract,  steep,  and  dell, 
Its  Ih'ccy.working  factories  will  propel. 
Its  climate  on  the  lake  is  not  so  cold 
As  some  interior  countries,  we  are  told ; 
But  I'll  desist,  since  future  time  will  show 
That  men,  such  wonders  to  hclieve,  were  slow. 


ivi. 


At  Copper  Harbor,  «  Lake  Superior  News," 
With  ncwly.writton  editorials  tilled. 
Containing  glowing  accounts  of  this  rich  region- 
Success  of  ditibrent  mining  company  bands; 
The  thousand  tons  of  metal  which  they  raise, 
And  what  their  prospects  are  in  future  days, 
Is  weekly  published ;  first  that  over  was. 

From  the  great  city  Gotham  to  Isle  Royal, 

The  largest  island  in  thi:,-  father  lake, 

Tliere's  ne'er  a  tour  with  interest  r,o  replete. 

Such  varied  scenes,  so  beautiful  and  fair. 

Combining  health,  tho  sea  and  mountain  air; 

And  where  such  height  of  contrast  is  disclosed, 

Diversified  with  every  moral  chancre. 


56  BLACK    ir.VWX,   AND 

From  Clirislian,  civilized,  to  savn<,'o  life, 
Upon  the  oarih  l)t'f.i;le,  us  hero  U  iouiul. 
This  end  the  routo  has  ciiics,  noiso  oflmsinc-s, 
Of  money-niaking  schem??:,  their  heads  arc  full, 
A  goodly  heritage  possess,  and  weahh  j 
But  full  of  hatred,  envy,  and  distrust- 
Unkind,  unchaillahle,  man  with  man, 
In  fond  piu'suit  of  golden  straws  of  earth, 
Thrust  others  from  life's  side-walk;?  eagerly, 
And  trample  down  to  raise  immortii'  self. 
And  build  a  citadel  on  another*s  ruin. 
The  other,  an  unbroken  Vvilderness, 
Where  nature's  noblemeii  in  niuiibers  dvvol!, 
Who  seek  no  worldly  treasures  to  lay  up, 
Where  moih  and  ru^t  corrupl,  and  thieves  invade. 
Conscious  this  earth  U  but  a  restin;L;.p:ace, 
While  on  their  journey  to  lin:norfal  seats. 
From  day  to  day  they  seek  tl:elr  simple  food, 
Of  I'ish,  and  tijwl,  and  f)rc»t's  vai'ious  game, 
Content,  and  thankful  to  great  Maniton; 
Blest  with  a  living  ihiih,  religiouj  ljopc». 
That  an  elysian  heavenly  crowns  deceasp, 
When  they  will  re.>t  in  happy  lumting.grounds, 
And  fish  in  pleasant  frout-brooks  llu^ro  forever. 
Here  once  the  Catholic  priest  resided,  tau;.-ht 
Fond  Nature's  children  reverence  for  the  cross. 
Father  Marquette,  the  Christian  soldier,  hero 
Did  voyage,  in  love  to  souls  he  h'Ad  most  th:ii\ 
One  blessed  man,  dovnted  to  tlie  skies,  * 

Did  them  instruct  in  things  whleli  made  them  wise. 
O,  what  scenes,  beautiful  and  tender,  vast. 


t 


'  '^m^y 


SCENES    IN   THE   «EST.  57 

And  imagery  suMIme,  thl>j  temple  yields ! 
Great  nature's  temple,  here  sliipenHous,  wild, 
Whoso  columns  arc  the  lofty,  rugged  mountains, 
Majestic  trees,  and  boulders  adamantine  ; 
Uhose  courts,  tiie  prairio:,,  boundless  in  extent, 
VVilh  their  rich  emerald  carpets  all  bespangled 
With  a  profusion  endless  of  wild  flowers. 
Of  every  Ime  of  golden  tapestry  ; 

Whose  aisles  the  sun-lit  valleys,  mirrored  lakes 

Whoso  sacred  sanctorum  the  tall,  deep  forest, 

Or  dark  recesses  of  the  mountain  aor^e 

\\  hose  music  Is  the  carol  of  the  breeze, 

And  heaven's  own  songsters,  warbliig  'mong  the  trees  i 

Or  sounding  roar  of  falling  cataract's  chime. 

With  thunder  mingling  loud,  its  awful  bass  sublime  ! 


IVII. 

Now,  having  made  his  tour,  the  pioneer 
Sailed  all  around  great  Lake  Superior  clear. 
Viewing  the  Hoyal  Isle,  and  much  that's  new, 
Some  other  counti-y  his  attention  drew. 
Keturning  back,  to  where  St.  Mario  lay, 
Bespoke,  by  schooner,  passage  to  Green  Bay, 
Where  Nenah,  full  of  rapids,  has  his  flow; 
Here  siands  a  city  yet  in  embryo. 
Thence  up  this  river  all  its  rapids  passed, 
Till  Winnebago's  Lake  he  viewed  at  last. 


58 


BLACK   HAWK,    AVO 


LVIII. 


Thence,  through  this  lake,  and  up  tlie  Nonnh  still, 

To  where  Wisconsin's  stream  it  nearly  joinf» ; 

Wisconsin,  whence  the  State  derives  its  naino. 

The  portage  here,  twelve  furlongs,  only,  v.  ido, 

Connected  by  canal  in  contemplation. 

Further  obstructions  from  these  streams  removed, 

They  furnish  will  a  longthoned  vvaler-coursfO— 

Communication  interrupted  not. 

From  Gotham  great,  to  southern  town,  Orleans, 

A  choice  access  unto  the  best  ofmarkets. 

Thence,  down  Wisconsin  went  the  pioneer; 

Thence,  down  the  Mississippi,  to  Orleansj 

W^here  he  abode  some  time;  at  IcnglH  rcttivned  ; 

The  river  threaded  up  to  IVairie  du  Chien. 

Particulars  of  his  voyage  down,  or  fare. 

And  what  mishaps  he  met  withal,  elsewhere, 

He  give-?  not.     But,  upon  his  passage  up, 

More  leisure,  ho  has  given  ws  some  accoimt. 

And  well  describes  the  scenery  of  the  valley — 

Chiefly  the  Upper  Mississippi  shore, 

Because  this  region  did  the  more  delight  him. 

As  in  the  following  detail  brief,  his  words : 

I've  sailed  upon  the  noble  Misslsi-Ippi, 

And  of  its  landscapes,  features  pronilneut. 

Which  charmed  me  much,  will  some  description  give. 

The  meaning  of  the  word,  in  Indian  tongue, 

Or  Chippeway,  means  water  everywhere — 

Great  fiither  of  the  waters,  some  interpret. 

It  rises  farther  north  than  where  white  men, 


'-IT^l 


> 


St'KXES   IN  THE   W'KHT, 

V  ahicle,  have  yet  consontcti  lonrr  to  ilwrll. 

Thence,  running  south,  a  whuliurr  course  along, 

Quito  fhrou-h  iho  middle  of  that  vulh^y  large, 

Which  lies  between  tlic  Alloghauies  east,  *" 

And  Kocky  Mountains  towering  on  the  west  j 

M'hich  join  a  distant  country,  Oregon. 

Receiving  all  the  rivers  cftliis  valley. 

On  either  side,  lijr  thousand  leagues  around, 

Ohio,  Teiniessee,  Arkansas,  Red, 

And  grent  Missoiu-i,  widi  a  hundred  others ; 

Till  Orleans'  growing  mart  last  passing  by, 

Discharges  all  his  congregated  wafers" 

In  Mexic*  gulf,  of  vast  circumference. 

What  other  name  coidd  be  aj)i)ropriatc  ? 

Its  character  so  graphically  speak  ? 

The  natural  great  highway  of  all  this  valley, 

For  merchants'  produce,  dealers',  steamers  gay, 

In  all  their  multitude,  to  bear  away 

Tho  products  of  this  cvcr.fruiiful  soil,  ^ 

To  other  climes  where  needed,  and  to  bring 

The  inercharuliso  of  other  nations  In. 

IJX. 

'TIs  called  the  Lower  Missi^'sippi,  ajl 

That  part  which  lies  Missouri'^  mouth  below. 

Save  rocky  bluils,  a  few  below  St.  Louis, 

And  ill  tho  neighborhood  of  Natchez,  found, 
Both  shores  arc  low,  and  level,  covered  o'er 
With  forests  dense,  of  cypress,  cotton-wood, 
Whero  wolves  and  panthers  prowl,  and  men  are  not 


59 


i 


CO 


nLxcK  nAWx,  a'vd 


An'l  cfigle^,  un(li.sf(irl)(><l,  soi/.e  on  ;h<'^i;'  [^voy, 
Al'tiviiui  banks,  to  cuiistfuit  cIian^.^o  submitting, 
AVliiMO  rji])i(l  cmicnli  siiilt  the  cliniuicl  olK 
ItH  walcrs  dark,  ne'er  hciw  ii  crystal  luio  ; 
Of  whirlpools,  eddies,  sawyers  liill,  and  trees, 
Torn  iVoni  tlie  forcsi*s  marj^iii,  and  swept  down 
By  sweeping  currents  unassna<Tod,  and  swift  ; 
Of  dangerous  passage,  diili 'ult  to  land. 
Here  is  a  [dace,  the  Orave-^ard  riglifiy  named; 
Upon  the  right,  a  rocky  bluff  there  lies — 
On  other  side,  in  dread  array,  is  ;;e(vi 
Islands,  and  snnd-bars,  where  iinbedd'jd  lie 
The  wreeks  of  hall' a  hundred  sleaniers  lost. 
Grave-vavd  it  is,  since  hundicds  livini^  men, 
Tars,  [)assengers,  and  those  in  high  command, 
Have  life  resigned  on  this  ill. fated  strand. 
Here,  in  full  view,  and  passing  to  and  fro. 
With  circumspection  grave,  are  u\:\ny  vessels. 
Alon^  thr;  mtiddy  stream  the  bottomdands, 
Of  thickly- wooded  growth,  are  seen  afir  ; 
Wo  to  the  innnigraiit  that  locates  here  ! 
Anon,  a  lonely  cabin  miv^ts  the  eye, 
The  homo  of  niL^i-ry,  sickiie,--,  and  disease  ; 
And  wl  ere  the  occupant  depends  alono 
Upon  the  sale  of  fuel  for  su])p(jrt. 


i 


L\. 


But  of  the  Upper  3Iisdssippi,  things 
Better,  and  fraught  with  admiration,  speak. 
St.  Louis,  centre  of  the  weytern  world  ! 


f 

i 


8<;enes  in  the  west. 

AVlioro  oroat  i\rissoiirl  all  her  stores  pours  in — 
A  city  that  mtirtt  ri?*i!  to  }rvoiit  iinportunco. 
I  It'll  St.  J.oui.s,  u[}  the  river  hound. 

"J'was  on  a  smnmer's  day,  all  clear  and  bright, 
Phd-hiis  had  just  awukiMied  irom  his  rest; 
On  iiilded  spires  and  temples  cast  his  lifrlit. 
And  all  the  adjoining  shores  with  radiance  blest. 

The  city  mtnmurs  died  upon  the  ear 

The  stately  structures  fading  out  of  sight. 

I  saw  the  river  change  its  color  now; 

I  saw  along  the  eastern  shore  a  streak 

or  crystal  water,  widening  farther  up. 

And  now  was  seen  the  beauteous  town  of  Alton, 

Oiit-|)ct'ping  from  among  its  pictured  blulls, 

Dividiiig  into  upper,  lower  town. 

And  now  dark  waters  narrowed  on  the  west. 

And  on  a  sand-bar's  spine,  just  visible 

Detween  the  streams,  the  rivers  adverse  met. 

Missouri  rose  in  circling  wave,  anil  t()pj)]ed, 

And  then,  to  mingle  with  an  element 

IMore  j)ure  and  crystalline,  did  hasten  on. 

But  Mississippi,  loathing  foul  alliance 

AVith  such  a  turbid  stream,  so  rudely  sought, 

As  maiden  coy,  such  overture  rejects, 

Stole  angrily  away  t'  the  other  shore, 

IJeneath  the  forest  dark,  and  there  preserved 

His  own  identity,  a  long  way  down. 

In  narrow  vein,  transparent,  till,  at  length, 

Was,  by  the  muddy  monster,  swallowed  up. 


61 


0:3 


BLACK    HAWK,    AND 


LXI. 

Missouri  is  the  Rocky  Mountains'  son  ; 

The  other  from  a  distant  lake  up-sprung, 

And  here  majestic  union  of  the  powers 

Took  place.     They,  in  deep  wilderness  of  ours, 

Do  rise  in  solitudes  untrodden  yet  by  man, 

Whore  nature  based  their  fountains  ere  they  ran. 

Yet,  M'hen  united  and  matured  they  be, 

Produce  a  mighty  influence  on  the  trembling  sea. 

But,  soon  as  we  had  passed  Missouri  by, 

To  Ijpper  Mississippi  we  drew  nigl, 

A  balmy  country,  beauteous  to  behold, 

As  silver  pictures  set  with  pearls  and  gold. 

O,  could  1  emulate  a  poet's  lays  ! 

And  sound  a  note  of  never-dying  praise 

To  thee,  great  father  of  perpetual  floods  ! 

A  pictured  world  thine  own  mcanderinfi  throiiiih  ; 

Hence  will  I,  up  your  vale,  my  Avandering  way  pursue 


LXII. 


The  shores  now  beautifully  rise  to  hills. 

With  verdure  crowned,  and  sloping  to  the  voro-r» ; 

All  mirrored  in  the  crystal  stream  below. 

A  cultivated  shore  upon  the  right. 

Upon  the  left  did  several  islands  hang, 

Whose  lofty  columns,  of  luxuriant  growth, 

Bespoke  a  soil  enriched  beyond  com],are. 

Then,  in  the  distance,  lay  an  open  vista, 

Where  various  feathered  tribes  did  show  themsolveg^ 


SfENJES    ly    THE    WEEiT. 

And  cheertul  singing-birtls  their  songs  did  chant ; 

Wliile  met  the  vision,  niultifariously, 

Oil  cither  side  the  banks,  peri)etual  flowers, 

Whose  fragrance  did  ahnost  oppress  the  sense. 

Anon,  a  pleasant  village  gave  to  view, 

On  cither  side  a  landscai)e  bcautitlil. 

Anon,  a  pleasant  prairie,  reaching  down 

unto  the  river's  brink,  did  show  a  town. 

Saw  Quincy  standing  mostly  on  a  biufi; 

^Vifh  marshes  that  adjoined  it  very  low. 

Now  comes  Des  Moines  in  grandeur  from  the  west ; 

And  now  the  lower  rapids  show  themselves. 

Iowa  shore,  where  Keokuck  looks  out ; 

And  here  a  county  settled  in  a  day, 

When  Black  Hawk's  tribe  departed  far  away. 

LXIII. 

Long  ore  they'd  gone,  the  yeomen  flocked  so  dense, 
This  goodly  land  so  eager  to  possess. 
That,  on  the  eve  of  that  appointed  day, 
Hundreds  of  wagons  standing  on  the  lino, 
'J'housands  of  emigrants  oncaujping  there. 
To  be  the  first  had  come,  lir?t  in  possession, 
Vou  might  have  seen.     Precisely  at  the  hour 
Of  midnight,  when  possession  was  allowed 
Throughout  the  region  joining  on  Des  Moines, 
A  thousand  axes,  then,  you  might  have  heard, 
Resounding  through  the  forest  far  and  wide  ; 
Cabins  to  raise,  and  residences  f lx  ; 
Fierce  wrangling  for  conflicting  claims,  mixed  up 


63 


! 


\r 


64  BLACK    HAWK,    AND 

With  many  a  fight,  and  many  a  lu  jty  blow. 

And  ere  the  sua  arose  npcn  the  scene, 
Long  ere  his  going  down  upon  that  day, 
A  county  equal  hi  extent  to  two 
Of  ordinary  size,  was  claimed  and  scttledt 


LXIV, 

On  a  high  bhjff  that  puts  out  in  the  stream, 
Fort  Edward  lies — is  heautifully  seen 
From  Keoknck,  a  ha!r.l>reed  village  thence 
Across  the  water  just  lielow  the  rapids  ; 
On  which  some  Indian  (iLdiermcn  are  seen 
The  eve  with  lighted  boats,  appearing  nfj, 
Then  vanishing;  like  meteor  flies  of  ni5;'ht. 
The  constant  roaring  of  the  waters  here, 
An  Indian  yell  occasionally  ?ent  up. 
Their  fires  upon  the  shore,  abundant  fish  ; 
The  sound  of  mirth  heard  from  the  village  near, 
The  passengers'  attention  eager  drew. 
Now  at  the  head  of  rapids  stances  Xauvoo, 
A  city  famous,  scat  of  Mormon  power. 
Upon  the  bliifls  a  herd  of  deer,  with  fawn, 
Are  cropping  quietly  the  flowery  lawn  ; 
And,  farther  up.  Rock  Island,  picturesque, 
Surmounted  by  a  recent  castle,  stands, 
Delightfid  haunt  of  Black  Hawk  and  his  tribe. 
S()ontaneous  ap[des,  berries,  jdums,  there  grew 
Of  various  kinds  ;  whose  waters  yielded  fish 
Black  Hawk,  in  summer,  hither  did  resort ; 
Mlio  says  a  spirit  good  had  <S  it  charge— 


SCENES   IN    THE    WEST. 

Dwelt  in  a  cavo  beneath  the  fort's  foundation ; 
Was  white,  with  wings  like  swan's,  ten  times  as 
Was  often  seen,  and  that  much  care  was  ta'eti 
To  make  no  noise  that  should  his  rest  disturb. 
But  since,  loud  cannon,  booming  from  the  fort, 
Have  driven  him  quite  away;  and  'tis  supposed 
An  evil  spirit  succeeding,  look  his  place. 


65 


LXV. 


And  here  the  upper  rapids  we  approached  ; 
Here  we  beheld  in  numbers,  ily'um  aboTit. 
At  hour  of  eve,  found  here,  and  nowhere  else, 
A  certain  insect,  caHod  the  Mormon  fly. 
Wiiere  they  alight  until  thoy  dio,  remain, 
Unless  disturbed  or  from  their  hold  unloosed. 
Next,  on  the  side  of  Illinois,  appinir 
FaTJtastic  blulfs,  and  isolated  rocks  ; 
With  vines  and  mosses  covered,  they  present, 
To  our  imaoiiiation,  ancient  towers, 
Casflcs,  and  torts,  in  ruin  battered  down  ; 
As  if  th*  unwary  traveller  here  to  tell 
A  melancholy  tale  of  ages  past. 
This  kind  of  scenery  ornauients  Du  Buque, 
Across  the  river,  reaching  Prairie  du  Chien  9 
The  farther  up,  more  lofty  and  imposing. 
Upon  the  si'mmit  of  a  blufl'  like  these. 
Most  beautiful,  there  stands  a  wooden  cross. 
Both  large  and  high,  a  cabin  neatly  built, 
The  resting-place  of  miners'  friend,  D«i  Buque ; 
Enclosed  in  leaden  coffin,  his  reqtiest. 

6*  ' 


-  I. 


66  SLACK    HAWK,    K\V 

Some  distance  up  La  Fevro,  lies  GaK'na, 
Opp'site,  among  the  bluffs,  emporium  gr<»at 
Of  lead  ;  a  city  corporate  has  become. 
Ascending  still,  the  bottom  lands  grow  narrow, 
The  river  winds  yet  more,  and  turns  northwest. 
Cassville  stands  on  a  narrow  bottom  here, 
Opening  a  passage  through  to  3Iineral  Point. 


Opp'sitc  VV^isconsia  river  stands  Pike's  Hill 

Abrupt  and  lofty  ;  just  above  this  place. 

East  side,  Fort  Crawford  stands,  and  Prairie  du  Chien« 

For  several  miles  along  extends  the  town. 

The  river  here  is  tuU  of  little  islands. 

And  when  by  freshets  swelled  to  highest  flow, 

Across,  tVom  hill  to  hill,  is  full  three  miles. 

Originally  settled  by  the  French, 

It  was  a  place  of  some  importance  once, 

As  chimneys  old,  and  ruined  cellars  .show 

Its  beauteous  prairie  to  the  river  verdant. 

While,  back,  its  blufls  rise  several  hiuidred  feet. 

Irregular,  picturesque,  so  is  the  town, 

Both  rude  and  wild  ;  in  its  construction,  quaint. 

Here  lies  the  ruins  of  an  ancient  fortress. 

Here  stands  a  Catholic  church  with  gilded  cross, 

And  there,  projecting  up,  some  ancient  mounds ; 

Fort  Crawford  sending  Ibrth  di.,conlant  sounds. 

And  now  is  seen  the  Indian  trader's  store, 

Surrounded  by  a  band  of  Winnebagoes, 

Who  here  resort  for  purposes  ot' trade. 


'  i 


-    i- 


m* 


SCENES    IN    THK    WEST. 

Here  trenches,  monads,  and  parapets  ai)iw»ar, 

Connected  in  a  series  under  ground. 

For  military  use  iti  ancient  war  ; 

And  tomahawks  of  brass  not  now  in  use  ; 

And  stories  of  gigantic  slceletons, 

As  Indian  legends  say,  here  disinterred, 

Who  tell  us  that  a  race  of  giants  white, 

Once  held  the  soil,  whom  they  have  dispossessed. 

Where  this  town  stands  the  river  once  did  run, 

Confirmed  by  what  geologists  have  done. 

Hence,  this  great  stream  is  but  a  rivulet 

To  what  it  was,  when  It  its  banks  did  fill. 


67 


IXVII. 

Sought  the  seq'iestcred  shades  the  traveller  now, 
And  strolled  about  the  country,  through  the  wood, 
And  pleasant  prairies  there  adjoining  on  ; 
And  Wished,  and  fowled,  and  alo  of  every  kind 
The  flesh.     A  wild  association  found 
Of  native  men,  that  roamed  the  fi^rest  through  ; 
Acquainted  long  with  men  of  Gallia's  race, 
And  something  of  their  policy  had  learned. 
Rock  Island  visited,  the  site  and  haunts 
Of  Black  Hawk — River  Rock  meandering  up, 
And  walked  alone  for  contemplation  oft, 
And  strayed  fiir  off  the  place  of  his  abode. 
One  day  his  meditations  were  a])sorbing  ; 
He  wandered  lar  into  th'  untrodden  wood, 
And  seemed  to  be  in  melancholy  mood. 
A  sudden  darkness  fell  upon  him  there, 


C8  BLACK    HAWK,    AND 

Before  he  from  his  reverie  did  awake. 

Then  rousing  up  himself,  he  looked  all  rotmd, 

And  with  what  light  remaining  scanned  the  ground, 

To  see  if,  by  the  undulations  in  it, 

He  could  make  out  to  conjur;^  where  he  was. 

But  darkness,  like  to  that  on  Egypt  foil. 

For  stubborn  crimes  persisted  in  too  long, 

Fell  on  him  there.     His  hand  h;;  held  before, 

Could  not  discern,  nor  aught  of  land,  or  bog, 

Or  water  there  ;  nor  Ijad  he  learned,  as  yct^ 

By  moss  on  trees,  or  signs,  his  course  to  shape, 

As  red  men,  more  sagacious,  well  could  do. 


I 


txvin. 

To  farther  go  that  night,  declining  then, 

And  flint,  and  steel,  and  spindcwood  taking  out, 

lie  struck  the  latent  spark,  lire  kindled  up ; 

\Vrnpj)ing  his  cloak  around,  to  sleep  laid  down. 

The  iire  he  knew  would  fiigiiten  dangerous  beasts: 

Till  morning  light  appeared,  resolved  on  rest. 

Then,  came  there  one,  and  shook  hiin,  saying — "Awake  I 

Rise,  come  away  to  a  better  place  of  rest  ; 

You  act  unwisely  to  be  lvin<r  here. 

When  Fve  a  house  to  shelter  you  so  near.' 

This  was  a  Pennsylvanian,  that  day 

Upon  a  hunting  tour,  returning  hoino , 

To  travel  in  the  darkest  wood  well  knew, 

By  all  those  signs  by  red  men  understood  j 

For  he  an  Indian  trader  long  had  boon, 

And  during  half  a  century,  here  bad  dwelt. 


!-■ 


ike! 


SCENE3   IN    THE    WEST. 

He  knew  the  Indian  character  full  well, 

And  how  a  forest  man  to  personate. 

He  led  our  traveller  through  iho  wood  apace, 

Which  was,  by  open  space,  succe  ded  soon. 

A  light  was  seen,  and  soon  the  ca'^in  reached, 

Of  his  kind  host,  who  sat  before  hiia  meat. 

With  hungry  men,  much  to  converse,  or  ask 

Questions  before  they've  eaten,  manners  ill. 

This,  Indians  know,  and  sacredly  observe  ? 

And,  while  the  pipe  of  peace  goes  cheerful  round, 

A  solemn  silence  well  becomes  a  guest ; 

This  done,  all  free  to  conversation  given. 

Like  custom  here  ;  the  meal  and  pipe  enjoyed. 

Thus  to  converse,  the  pioneer  be  fan : 

These  are  the  haunts  of  Black  ifawk,  famous  chief, 

And  this  the  ground  of  battle  for  hid  rights. 

To  you,  no  doul^t,  all  thing;^  concerning  him 

Are  quite  llxmiliar.     I  would  be  inlbnned ; 

As  anything  that  doth  to  him  relate, 

Would  be  acceptable  unto  my  cars. 

PEXNSYLVANIAN. 

Yes  !  Black  Hawk  was  a  chief,  say  well  you  may, 
Of  rare  renown,  as  %me  doth  also  say ; 
For  we  were  personally  known,  and  I 
Can,  of  his  doings,  justly  testify. 


69 


PIOXEER. 


Indeed  ?  your  speech  Is  music  in  my  ear ; 
Tho  history  give  ;  I  shall  rejoice  to  hear 


70 


BLACK   HAWK,  AND 


.    ■ 

1 


The  genealogy  of  th'  illustrious  chief; 
The  causes  of  the  war,  and  of  his  grief. 


PENNSVLVAMAN. 

Darkness  sits  brooding  o'er  the  silent  earth ; 
The  evening  hour's  already  far  advanced, 
While  beast,  and  l>ird,  and  reptile,  do  reposo ; 
We've  travelled  far,  and  underwent  fatigue. 
And  weariness  reminds  us  of  like  rest. 
The  subject,  too,  is  long  to  tel! ;  tlieroibi'C, 
Lie  down  till  bright  Aurora  streaks  the  east- 
Then  rise,  refreshed  by  sleep,  and  you  shall  («;ast 
Upon  the  story  you  so  much  desire. 
This  said,  he  led  him  to  an  upper  room, 
Well  furnished  ;  for  repose,  a  downy  bed, 
Whereon  he  bade  his  guest  recline  his  head. 

LXI.X. 

Soon  as  Aurora,  daughter  of  the  dawn, 

Had  streaked  the  east  with  signs  of  early  mom, 

The  traveller  rose,  and  promenaded  there, 

The  woodland  scene  to  view,  and  scent  the  balmy  air. 

The  landscape  round  was  pleasant  to  behold. 

The  sun  had  risen,  and  burnished  it  with  guM.. 

In  cuhivatcd  field  the  building  stood, 

Surrounded  on  all  sides  by  loity  wood. 

'Twas  built  of  logs,  oC  stately  trunks  hcw.a  square, 

No  polish,  paint,  or  ornaments  n  quire — 

A  puncheon  floor,  a  lynn-wood  .itt.  a  roof 


( 


\ 


SCENES   IN   THE   WEST. 

Of  clap.boards  made.     Besido  its  walls  unhung 
Frocks,  pantaloons,  and  hunting.shlrls  of  liusoy. 
been  pending  iVorn  the  loft,  and  undcrhanoincr, 
Decr.skins-  and  peltries;  farther  down,  a  goind- 
A  chimney  Large,  the  fire  hcnealh  huilt  hl-h. 
The  breakfast  o'er,  and  smoked  the  calumet, 
Scaled  within,  beside  the  pleasant  fire, 
"Now,"  said  the  host, "  I'll  grant  what  you  desire." 


71 


r. 


I 


# 
'i 


BLACK  HAWK, 


AX9 


SCENES  IX  THE  WEST. 


W^^^^^^^^^^K^-^..^ 


'^-^i~rf'VW~ir>^"^\^ 


CANTO   II. 


THE     A  R  G  U  M  E  X 


i  . 


f 


Description  of  Xit-o-Hu-ma,  or  Hemtc-  t>.nv-TI,o  rrooA  mission  a  ry-Her 

CJmvY.ioa^>CIu•i.ti;umJ•-^Inni.uM^.~:\r:a■r;ag>.^.Ouvunt..i.ar-.mh.- 
Hu  d.!nn«a.  to  t],.  ^.nr~(.  lo-h-wah-.s  ,r.acho,y~.n,.  procures  .h'^ 
baiu^uu  n.t  ot  (I.ntk.  D.vo~tu,j  take,  r.,  lu-r  nbaJc  in  rt  rave  m  .  ■ 
d..,iM.  lan..t,wh,....  .1....  r.rak>i)fj  ii;nc..  1:5  iniracuIou>ly  preserve.l 
0,:iiUu:...-ar-«.lMv:.mi.hoiu..,  b-vu.uv  c^uvinccj  ofluT  innocence, 
nnj  J.;J.  ,,,  ..!a.wal.-Qa.-!.-^..!.  ».  pKu-s  .0  lmu  iu  a  vi.ion  of  ih3 
n.^I.t.  .rul  vMrm-.  him  l!;.l  C  •  ^  Dove  is  yet  alive-He  iind  her  af: 
t^r  du.:;.m  aearc«~A  joynU  m  .in  '  d-cribcd~Thev^  live  out  their 
lUys  to;rcth;.-r  m  hr.i^py  love,  and  from  thi.  .  irtuous  pair  descended  Black 


A>-D  llujs  tho  Pcnusylvaruan  houan  :^ 
III  oarly  tiajej,  aceoaliijrf  ta  traditio.'n 
KeHn-o  the  western  wilJerness  was  trod 
By  Mhito  mou,  there  tlitl  Jive  a  princess  young  r 
Than  slie,  no  fairer  lucly  ever  spruno" 
Froiii  Indian  bI.;of}.     [Jer  name  u-al  Nlt-o-mcnia, 
Which,  readered  i«  our  iunguage,  sigaiiie 

-         t    - 


74 


liLACK    HAWK,   A>JL> 


A  Goiillo  Dovo,  whatever  nppertuliij* 

And  fliitliliilly  did  she  answer  to  tlio  name  ; 

For  she  was  beautiful  to  h)()k  upon, 

or  a  sweet  voice  and  temper,  and  bcduved 

By  all  who  knew  jier,  for  her  <;('ijlJenoss, 

And  for  those  numerous  acts  of  kindness  done, 

^Vhich  she  was  ever  n^ady  to  conler. 

E'en  insomuch,  that  it  became  prfu-erbial, 

In  those  times,  that  she  ne'er  acrpiainlaiirp  made, 

Without  soon  brin<,n'jig  them,  l)y  pious  dec  ;!•<, 

Under  the  strongest  obligations  to  her  ; 

That  none  with  her  did  e'er  associate, 

Vr'ithout  being  wiser  made,  a. id  better  for  it. 

She  to  the  tribe  of  powerful  Hacs  behjnged  ; 

A  nation  then  inhabiting,  remote, 

Those  regions,  unexplored,  that  westv/ard  lay, 

And  south  of  Michigan's  unstable  sea, 

Far  in  the  east  their  origin  once  had. 

This  beautiful  and  new  romantic  country 

Is  watered  by  the  Ui)per  Mississippi, 

And  numbers  of  its  tributary  stn-ams  ; 

Great  Mississippi  Valley,  therefore,  called. 

By  Marquette,  godly  Frenchman,  who  was  ilrst 

That  came  to  plant  the  standard  of  the  cro-s, 

Of  King  Immanuel,  in  her  dither's  laud, 

Was  she  converted  to  the  Christian  faith. 

This  one  immortal  man,  so  truly  great, 

For  missionary  enteiprise,  was  iir;it 

Discoverer  of  the  noble  Misi?i,<sii)pi, 

And  of  that  vast  internal  world  well  watered 

By  all  its  branches,  it  meandering  throu<di. 


a' 


SCENES    IN    TIIK    WKST. 


75 


Prone  .-11  his  new  and  perilous  voyage  hither, 
O'er  the  great  inland  seas  of  America, 
In  a  frail  bark  he  bounded,  till  he  reached 
The  western  borders  of  Lake  Michigan. 
After  encountering  dangers,  woes  unnumbered, 
And  hard.ships  long  endured  by  land  and  sea, 
liong  sullering  almost  every  sore  privation 
That's  possible  Ibr  human  life  to  brave, 
Last  he  had  penetrated  to  the  heart 
Of  this  vast  continent,  visited  the  tribes 
And  numerous  nations  on  the  happy  shores. 
This  did  he,  hoping  not  an  earthly  crown. 
Nor  had  he  once  an  eye  to  his  renown. 


III. 


. 


Rut  solely  for  the  pur{)ose  of  in)parting. 

To  souls  benighted,  knowledge  of  that  gospel, 

Sublime,  of  Christ,  glad  tidings  of  great  joy, 

Unto  all  people  everywhere  revealed. 

In  journeying  through  the  waste  from  tribe  to  tribe, 

The  savage  nations  round  together  calls, 

To  them  i)roclaiming,  in  their  council-halls, 

The  one  true  God,  Creator,  and  their  Saviour. 

Thus  did  he  fervently  pursue  his  labors, 

Of  love  and  pure  devotion  'mong  the  tribes, 

Until  a  wicked  and  nefarious  band, 

In  ignorance,  blind  of  what  they  were  about, 

Mistaking  his  benevolent  designs. 


«i 


BLACK    HAWK,  AND 


Ascribing  motives  mercenary,  base, 

Encompassed  him  about,  to  slay  him  there  ; 

Assailing  him  lull  olt  with  clubs  and  arrows, 

^\'hich  higher  power  averted  Irom  their  aim, 

And  gave  him  some  respite  to  llee  away  ; 

ThrMice,  he  retired  into  the  wood  to  pray, 

And  seek  deliverance  trom  the  hands  ot"  God. 

It  pleased  the  Lord  to  grant  him  that  relief 

"Which  he  so  ardently  besought  in  prayer, 

And  call  his  spirit  to  his  rest  abuve. 

His  foes  pursued,  intending  to  destroy, 

And  glut  their  vengeance  on  the  Lord  a  anointed — 

Approached,  and  saw  him  in  a  praying  posture, 

As  they  had  often  seen  him  kr '-el  before  ; 

Filled  their 'arrows  archly  to  the  bow, 

Without  creating  in  liim  any  movement, 

Or  least  emotion,  fear  l'  avoid  tlic  dart — 

He  seemed  like  one  whose  spirit  lience  had  lied. 

Thev  came  and  touched  him,  found  him  cold  and  dead  , 

The  power  he  trusted  had  delivered  him, 

The  Lord's  anointed,  trom  their  viol(>nt  hands. 

His  work  was  done,  he  sweetly  passed  away, 

A>nid  his  labors.     Wide  were  his  designs — 

Earth's  benefactor,  not  unlike  his  Master, 

On  earth  he  had  no  certain  dwelling-place  ; 

But  in  lihAi  heaven  he  sits  a  child  of  grace. 


J3 


IV. 


Adherents  few  and  faithful,  whose  hard  heart?, 
With  hallowed  lire,  ere  this  time,  God  had  touched, 
I^Iourned  over  him ;  and  there,  upon  the  banks 


scp:nes  in  thk  wkst. 


n 


I  dead  , 


^ 


icd. 


Of  that  pure  river,  by  himself  discovered, 

Which  bears  his  name,  they  dug  the  lonely  grave 

Of  God's  most  humble  servant,  lliithfid  soldier 

Of  the  cross.     There  Ihey  buried  him  in  the  sand; 

He,  Vvlio  came  fust  upon  hi.s  Master's  business, 

To  teach,  to  humanize,  exalt,  and  bless, 

The  pagan  people  of  this  wilderness. 


V. 


By  Marquette,  as  we  said,  was  she  converted 
To  Christian  faith.      Uncommonly  devout. 
Walking  in  every  ordinance  of  the  Lord 
Blameless,  according  unto  all  she'd  heard. 
And  been  instructed  by  this  holy  man. 
Soon  afler  thio,  unto  a  warlike  ;nince 
Of  her  own  nation,  bold  and  gay,  was  wedded  ; 
Son  of  Na-ma-ma-kee,  the  nation's  chief. 
Omaint-si-ar-nah,  was  the  young  man  called. 
Ho  was  a  tall,  athletic  son  o'  the  forest; 
Nature  had  lavished  gifts  in  rich  profusion  ; 
Was  beautiful  and  manly  in  his  person — 
Easy  and  graceful  in  his  diguity 
And  l.tearing.     l'eature;3  regular  and  handsome — 
Skilful,  adroit  in  using  of  the  bow  ; 
And  deer  and  game  could  Kill  at  distance  great. 
In  battle  bold,  in  his  affections  ardent — 
The  faithful  friend,  kind  husband,  generous  host. 
From  his  door,  hungry,  no  man  ever  went; 
In  short,  if  he  had  r-iy  failing  rare, 
Twas  this — that  he  was  sanguine  in  his  temper, 


i'V 


7^* 


■ 


W-  BLACK    ir.VWK,    AND 

Too  credqious,  and  jealous  of  the  afl'ectioiii 
or  those  he  loved,  and  tbndly  doted  on. 
Ne'er  was  a  happier  and  more  blithesome  day, 
Than  that  which  did  their  nuptials  consummate, 
Nor  e'er  a  happier  couple  than  these  twain, 
Omaint-si-ar-nah,  and  his  Gentle  Dove. 


"t 


O  love  !  with  thy  intoxicating  bowl, 
How  lost  thou  charm  and  fascinate  the  soul ! 
And  pour  therein  such  rivers  of  deli"-ht. 
That  Eden's  joys  do  linger  in  the  flight ! 


il> 


I 


Soon  after  she  became  the  bride 

Of  him,  her  glory,  prince,  and  pride, 

Tidings  unpleasant,  and  unfair, 

And  grievous  to  the  hapf)y  pair, 

Of  separation,  dread  to  name. 

Too  soon  from  tribes  conlederato  came. 

The  chieftain  young  called  to  the  war, 

The  place  of  his  encampment  far. 

Tears  from  his  eyes  stole  down  and  fell, 

As  he  his  loved  one  bade  farewell. 

Not  less  felt  she,  and  sutTered  sore, 

Fearing  she'd  see  his  face  no  more  ! 

He  armed  himself,  and  strode  away. 

Over  the  hills,  and  far  away, 

And  seemed  so  merry,  blithe  and  gay  ; 

His  armor  on  his  buckler  runu. 

And  as  he  journeyed,  thus  he  sungt 


! 


i 


1 


SCENES   IN   THE   WEST. 


SONG. 


Chief  I  anj  of  my  own  clan, 
Meet  the  foe  man  man  to  man } 
With  my  arrow  and  my  bow, 
I  can  slay  the  strongest  foe. 

With  rich  spoils  I  shall  return, 
Merrily  my  fire  will  burn, 
Aa  I  sit  with  sou  and  spouse, 
And  fulfil  my  early  vows. 

The  prairie  grass  is  now  my  bed. 

The  only  curtain  round  my  head, 
Without  the  voice  of  her  I  love, 
Far,  far  from  thoe,  my  Ccnfie  Dove  I 

And  while  I  fotidlv  think  on  th(?e,  , 

And  all  thy  anxious  cares  for  me, 
The  worst  may  come,  it  makes  me  fear, 
Extort  from  thee  the  modrner's  tear. 

But  should  it  come,  the  worst  that  cai% 
I'll  act  the  hero,  die  the  man  ; 
Death  cannot  j)ilfer  me  of  love, 
Sweet  lady  fair,  my  Gentle  Dove  ! 

'Tis  here  corroding  on  my  heart, 
Fixed  is  the  wound  of  Cujiid's  dart ; 
Forever  burns  the  flame  of  love, 
For  t})0(.',  sweet  girl,  my  Gentle  Dovo  I 


vj 


eo 


BLACK    HAWK,    A^D 


i 


Ug  Mt  his  dear  love  with  her  widowed  parent  j 
For  father  s'le  hnd  none,  and   lij  the  c:i:e 
Of  an  Indian  incwl  whose  namo  was  Que-Ia-wah; 
Which,  wlien  inlorproted,  <!of'i  nican  deceit. 
How  well  his  conduct  wjih  the  nariie  cornporls, 
Ero  long,  tlio  se(iiiel  will  too  oloarly  sliow. 
Companion  orhi,s  youth,  iti  whom  reposed 
Ho  confidejice  iinljaimded  ;  charfjui'r  h|,n 
His  bride  and  iv^od  mother  t:;!vt«  «rf,od  care, 
Till  his  rettn-n,  an  I  see  they  nothing  wanted. 
His  stay  was  long-r  mur-h  than  ho  ha;|- deemed  ; 
Tho  lenglhenini;  war  hi.5  pre.^encc  still  required, 
And  constant  care  In  conncil  and  in  Held. 


a 


I 


viit. 

Epistolary  writing  was  unknown  ; 
Hence,  it  became  a  cn*tom  at  that  day, 
When  needful  correspondence  mint  talio  place. 
With  those  at  distance,  to  despaf(di  a  wight. 
In  whom  the  person  sending  c.idd  con/id"!'. 
With  oral  message  tidings  oft  to  bear; 
Whether  lo  lover,  friend,  or  warring  Jhlef. 
Now,  by  this  ready  mode  v{  correspondence, 
Omainf.si-ar.nah,  as  his  stay  was  long, 
Sent  frequent  messages  to  Gentle  Dove, 
Of  all  his  charged  aHi.irs,  informing  her 
His  health,  and  oft  inquiring  after  her's. 
Soon  after  his  departure  to  the  war, 


Sf 


*i 


i 


srr.XKs  IN  Tii::  v.r.^T. 


81 


Ills  faithless  fiiond,  *La.\v:ili,  became  enamored 
Of  hl3  njost  beauteous  bride,  tho  Gentle  Dove  ; 
And  sought,  by  every  ineansi  >vithi»  his  pov.er, 
Her,  from  the  path  of  virtue,  to  alktre  ; 
Ueuounce,  to  her  ailianced  lord,  allegiaucu, 
And  yield  lierself  the  victim  of  his  love. 
l?ul  all  his  tired  endeavors,  for  this  end, 
Were  fruitless  ;  for  she  Iiearkened  not  to  him. 
Ahhonoh  from  morn  till  eve  imijcrtunate. 
But  when  he  lijtUKl  ha  nothing  could  prevail, 
But  that,  indignantly,  she  spurned  him  from  her, 
Steadfast  and  faithful  to  licr  absent  lord, 
His  love  towards  her  was  turned  to  enmity, 
His  anger  greatly  kindled  to  destroy  her. 


¥ 


m 

Meanwhile,  as  she  was  nmch  perplexed  in  spirit, 

Anxioufi,  not  knowing  unto  what  'twould  grow, 

She  had  a  dream,  most  singularly  alarming. 

And  wonderfully  pro])hetic  in  its  features. 

For,  lo !  in  boding  visions  of  the  night, 

While  in  a  dream,  upon  her  bed,  she  saw, 

Stafiding  before  her,  there,  *.r.  awful  form, 

Greater  than  hiunan,  of  'i  solemn  mien, 

And  dreadful  aspect,  awfudy  revoltitjg. 

And,  lo !  he  ope'd  his  mouth,  and  spake,  and  said  :— 

O,  of  the  Holy  Virgin  much  beloved! 

Who  to  her  Son's  bright  throne  thy  prayers  presents, 

And  doth  pre^^ail,  and  ever  must  prevail ! 

To  whom  thy  virtuous  constancy  is  known — 


■   i 


I'  '*! 


VVords  comfortable  have  I  come  to  sprnk ; 
The  Mighty  Ruler  doth  respect  the  nice'c. 
Fear  God  !  be  steadfast  in  thy  constancy  ! 
And  let  thy  faith  be  strengthened  to  rely 
On  favor  so  divine,  in  all  thou  dost, 
And  trials  needful  through  which  thou  must  pass. 
Unless  thou  this  dost  do,  thou  canst  not  stand 
Against  the  adversaries  of  thy  soul. 
For  what  thou  hast  already  sulibred  long 
From  Que-la-wah,  are  but  incipient, 
Beginnings  sad  of  greater  woes  to  come, 
And  sorrows  thine,  long  felt.     Yea  !  of  a  truth, 
He,  even  he  that's  nearest  to  thy  heart, 
In  whom  thy  soul  delighteth,  good  'Si-ar-nah, 
The  noblest  chief  of  all  the  warring  tribes, 
To  his  great  loss  shall  be  deceived  by  bribes- 
Enraged,  forsake  his  ever-failhful  wife, 
And  thou  sjhalt  narrowly  escape  with  life. 


Moreo'er,  commissioned  from  the  shining  throne, 

The  Virgin  has  instructed  to  make  known 

To  thee,  yet  more  ;  what  else  were  under  seal, 

Thy  nation's  future  destiny  reveal, 

And  what  shall  surely  come  to  pass  in  years. 

Resume  thy  courage,  and  repress  thy  fears  ! 

Behold  !  for  empire  there  shall  be  a  strift'  I 

A  mighty  struggle,  not  accounting  life, 

Between  thy  people  and  a  powerful  race 

Of  white  men,  iar  off,  latoly  gained  a  place, 


BLKNKS    IS   rnV.    WEST. 


63 


And  footing  in  the  east,  far  ofT,  and  near 
The  rising  sun.     At  lirst,  thoy  small  appear ; 
But,  waxing  strong,  to  empire  shall  aspire, 
Sweep  o'er,  and  subjugate  the  continent  entire. 


XI. 

They  shall  come,  even  here,  with  mighty  hand, 
And,  with  their  armies,  overspread  the  land 
Of  thy  forefathers,  and  possess  the  same, 
Not  heeding,  as  they  ought,  tfhy  people's  claim 
But  lo!  thy  nation  shall  not  want  renown  ! 
Behold  the  prince  that  bears  the  laurel  crown ! 
The  prince  that's  3  ct  to  rise.  Black  Hawk  by  name  ; 
The  earth  scarce  proves  a  limit  to  liis  fame  ? 
From  thee  descended,  who  shall,  in  his  day, 
O'er  many  chiefs  and  many  tribes  bear  sway. 
Shall  tight  su.:ces>ful  battles  in  liis  prime, 
Shall  lead  them  forth  to  war,  and,  in  his  tiiu'^ 
Shall  cause  his    enemies  lo  fear  and  fly  ; 
But  numerous  armies,  that  in  ambush  lie 
Of  whites,  shall  overcome  him,  and  will  bind 
In  chains  his  person,  not  his  stubborn  mind. 
Yet  shall  a  tim<dy  star  direct  his  flight  j 
His  foes  shall  bow  in  reverence  at  his  sight- 
To  hurt  him  shall  not  with  success  conspire, 
Though  many  seek  his  death  with  strong  desire  ; 
Yet  he  in  peace  shall  die  in  his  own  ways, 
And  sympathizing  nations  give  him  praise  f 
And  heap  eulogiums  on  his  injured  name. 
And  thou  shalt  live  forever  in  his  fam^  t 


I 


84 


BLACK    II.vnK,    AND 


Xlt. 


Yet,  ill  the  ruiiirc  far,  arc  these  cvrnts, 

And  live  to  see  ihcMii  veiilicil,  shall  not ; 

Vet  thou  shalt  suHbr  tliat  vliicli  ran^ly  falls 

To  mortals,  man  or  Nvomim,  to  endure. 

But  .siinbr  not  tljy?e!f  to  be  c:i>*  d.iwn. 

Nor  yield  to  great  discoura^renjenf  thereat; 

For  heaven  is  on  thy  .side.     Tiie  II(ily  Virgin 

Will  not  f)rsako  tlu'e,  nor  ne.frlpyt  to  hear, 

And  to  present  bofin-e  her  Son  thy  prayers, 

Ascendin:;  up  to  heaven  from  [ficti.s  lips. 

And  in  thy  day  of  great  udver.-sjfy, 

Bfdiold,  for  thy  protector  and  thy  guide, 

To  thee  shall  be  leveuied  the  .Star  of  Bethlehem! 

Xllf. 

Meanwhile,  his  f^ll  desirrns  to  execute. 

Was  Qne-Ia-wali  most  hu.-Ily  employed 

His  whole  sord  bent  upon  the  ruin  of ono 

Whom  ho  cotdd  not  seduce  from  virtue's  path. 

The  messenger  Onru'ut.si.ar.nah  sent. 

To  bear  the  tiding.^;  to  hi:^  f\iih!ul  love, 

A  very  Avicked  and  hard-hearted  wretch. 

Who,  f.r  a  petty  bril»e,  rould  enter  in 

To  all  the  fell  designs  of  Quo.la-wah, 

Against  the  peace  and  life  of  (Jentle  Dove. 

Therelure,  whenc^'er  he  came  with  n.essage  for  her, 

She  knew  it  not,  nor  sent  an  answer  back  ; 

For  Que-ia-wah  did  intercept  and  bribe 


•tt 


I 

1 


8CENES    IN    TflK    WEST. 

The  wl^rht,  that  he  her  ruin  might  efibct, 
•  Kvil  Import  to  carry  to  the  caivii). 
The  tenor  of  his  incssa-jro  hack   was  tliis  : 
That  with  all  llvithtnlncsH  ho  had  ch-livorcd 
To  lior  the  ever-kind  oiKlearing  mcs.s;jgc, 
Which  she  regarded  not,  but  turnt'd  away 
II<»r  n;!r.>  tVom  listenin'X  to  her  con  ;ort':?  words; 
Di-ridiuj;  theni,  to  answer  caring  not — 
Trcaliii;^  the  mes-^onger  with  marked  contempt; 
That  she  was  base,  abandoned,  and  incoiisitant 
hi  liigh  degree — nnlaithllil  to  her  lovt», 
And  r^^probate  to  all  connubial  lies. 
Nothing  omitted  was  in  this  report, 
Unju.;!,  untriio,  and  wickedly  contrived 
To  heighten  crime  to  tUtermoil,  could  servo; 
And  make  upon  the  mind  of  him  who  loved  her, 
Too  credulous,  and  easily  provoke<l, 
Imprcpsions  deepest  of  licr  i)er!ured  faith, 
And  lively  sense  of  aggravated  guilt. 
To  poor  '.Si-ar-nah's  heart  these  tiding.^  vent, 
For  she  the  cen<re  was  of  his  aueclions; 
On  her  his  heart  was  fixed — on  her  were  placed 
His  highest  hopes  of  bliss.      His  idol  was. 


96 


XIV. 

The  thought  of  what  he'd  lost,  misplaced  affections— 
All  idol  torn  away,  hjve  disappointed  ; 
Hence,  alienated,  gone,  a  ])03om  friend  ; 
These  all,  all  rushing  in  at  once  upon  him. 
Like  towering  waves  of  sea  to  sink  hini  low, 

8  .         * 


80 


! 


nr.ACK    ItAWK,  AXU 

Force  irresistible  could  not  withsland ; 

Like  fall  of  avalanche  to  ovorwhchii, 

The  sorrows  of  his  soul  did  harrow  up, 

And  raise  his  passions  to  a  learfid  flame, 

So  violent,  that  his  frame  could  i!l  endure, 

And  in  a  paroxysm,  or  convulsive  fit, 

He  fell  jjewildercd  to  th'  unconscious  earth. 

He  wallowed  in  the  yellow  sand,  and  rent 

His  gar.nents— tore  his  hair,  and  beat  his  breast. 

Whon  he  recovered,  he  commanded  those 

That  stood  around,  to  draw  a  bow  and  sh  jol  him. 

As  none  obeyed  his  voice,  his  sword  ho  drew 

Forthwith,  himself  to  slay,  and  do  the  deed 

So  tiital,  which  no  other  would  attempt ; 

Was  in  the  act  to  plunge  the  iatal  dart 

Deep  in  his  bosom,  when  his  g..od  attendants 

Arrested  him,  and  forced  away  the  blade. 

As  blessings  brighten  as  they  hiko  their  flight, 

So  did  the  haj)piness  which  he  had  felt 

In  the  society  of  his  charming  one, 

And  that  which  he  had  l.mg  in  hope  enjoyed, 

Was  by  such  news  augmented  still  the  more ; 

With  relish  more  exquisite  fraught  did  seeni, 

Than  e*er  before  by  him  was  realized— 

Much  aggravated  his  excess  of  grief. 


Sooner,  a  thousand  times,  he  would  have  followed 
Her  to  the  grave  in  former  loveliness, 
Than  be  astounded  thus  with  r,uch  account 


•  > 


^i' 


eCKSrS    IN    TIIK    Wli.T. 


P7 


t. 


n. 


Of  her  fiurprising  iUaiv^  ,  ami  full  from  virtue. 

Much  grieved  he  daily,  sullered  much  by  night, 

In  broken  rest,  and  tli.si;oiiii)osing  drf  nnw  ; 

Oft  waked  from  such,  as  gkid  imtiu«  t<»  find, 

To  sense  of  real  woes  that  on  hirn        ; 

Until,  for  broken  vow?,  and  kindness  slighted, 

Revenge  had  taVn  possession  of  his  breast. 

Then  did  his  indignation  pass  contnd— 

The  Hanic  of  love,  extinguished  in  his  s'.tul, 

To  hatred,  enmity,  disgust,  had  turned. 

In  exclamation  passionate  and  grievous, 

And  furiously  loud,  he  thus  exclaiin«M! : 

What  would  I  not  have  done,  to  »nakc  her  blest ' 

Would  sacriticed  my  life,  and  chcttrfuUy 

My  every  comfort,  for  her  happiness  ! 

Nay,  more  !  a  thousand  deaths  in  her  defence 

Would  willingly  have  died.     But  all  is  over  now  ! 

The  die  is  cast !     Til  see  her  face  no  more  ! 

Ungrateful  wretch  !  go  unto  her,  and  tell, 

Omaint-»i-ar.nah*s  not  so  sntich  her  dupe, 

To  grievo  himself  too  mtich,  and  lay  to  heart 

Her  perfidy.     Nay,  I  will  have  revenge  ! 

A  dire  revenge  f  >r  her  ingratitude. 

And  sweet.     She  shall  not  live  to  see  me  grieve, 

And  lord  it  oVr  my  wounded  feelings  aye  ; 

Insult,  unman  roc,  make  me  miserable, 

With  thoughts  of  one  day  seeing  her  scornful  eye 

Turned  on  mc.     No,  that  she,  indeed,  shall  not ! 

But  hasten  !  let  her  bleed !    Cut  off  a  lock 

Of  her  bright  raven  hair,  and  bring  to  me, 

That  I,  upon  the  melancholy  relic, 


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83  BLACK    HAWK,   AND 

May  look,  and  keep  it  ever  consecrate, 

I\f(Miiori:ii  constant  of  her  treac1i(vy. 

O,  I  could  never  have  belhn'ctl  her  false  ! 

Unquonchablc  us  iiiin<*,  I  thnn<.';lit  her  h)ve. 

Great  Ciocl !  that  I  should  he  thu3  forced  to  d( 

To  one  that  I  so  jjroafly  d<m(pd  on ! 

Go,  thon,  and  exocnte  the  ciie.'id  omrnand, 

And,  of  this!  perjured  beiiufy,  rid  thy  land. 


XVI. 

Then  came  the  messenger  of  death,  in  haste 

To  Gentle  Dove,  in  uhsenco  of  her  chaste 

Maternal  parent ;  led  her  to  th«}  wood, 

Assuring  her,  by  all  that'*  jjteatly  <rood, 

He  had  a  secret  ine.?sage  from  lier  lord, 

That  good  to  her,  not  evil,  %vouId  ali<)rd. 

She  forth  reluelant  wi^nt  wllli  tardv  bound  : 

An  infant  child  her  arms  enfolded  rounrl. 

Arrived  where  fit  lor  purpos(^  so  jnaliirn, 

A  place  where  trees  t^tood  thick,  and  boughs  Ciitwine, 

A  place  of  darkness,  and  iKn^p  sniitude, 

With  clustering  vines  encircling  tli>*  secujde  ; 

A  covert  far,  hid  from  the  eyes  f  f  men, 

But  not  from  the  all-seeing,  secret  Ken 

Of  the  Almighty,  whose  onmlscieut  view 

Saw  what  she  suflered,  and  the  future  knew  ; 

Here  told  her,  tlius  unfeelingly  bej'jiiled, 

Wliat  he  should  do  to  her,  and  to  her  child. 

Such  were  his  orders  from  the  army  sent, 

And  from  its  cliief,  Omaint-si-ar-nah's  tent. 


SCE!?E3   IN   THE    WEST. 


80 


I 

i 

I 


xvir. 

Sncli  message  to  fulfil,  in  duty  bound, 
Charged  with  lior  sanguine  blood  to  stain  the  ground, 
For  violuted  rites  and  wedded  vo\V3, 
And  alienation  from  hor  lavvHil  snmiso. 
And  prone,  iu  accents  lilce  tlio  serpent  in\U,^ 
Ho  said  that,  first,  he  should  bereave  ih.^  child. 
Then,  to  confirm  his  sullen  ^vords,  out  flew 
His  scimetar,  a  weapon  shining  new, 
Which  from  his  belted  scabbard  did  suspend, 
Its  phort  existence  on  the  earth  to  end ; 
Which  done,  my  lengthened  tale  o'en  here  had  end, 
And  no  su.ch  tragic  scenes  In  future  blend. 
Now,  Gentle  Dove  shrieked  out,  and  utt(>red  high 
A. \'ery  bitter,  lamentable  cry; 
la  great  distress,  not  knowing  what  to  do, 
Beseeching  him  this  course  not  to  piirsuc,^ 
But  soothe,  in  some  degree,  a  tnotlier's  pain, 
And  trouldc  not  the  child,  till  she  was  slain  ; 
Or  else,  she  twice  must  sufler  pang->  of  d.sith. 
Once  in  her  person,  yielding  up  her  breath. 
And  once,  ere  yet  tlils  tragedy  l)egun. 
Compelled  to  bee  and  feel  it  in  her  son. 
Some  pity  seemed  to  touch  his  savtige  breast ; 
Thtis  for,  he  said,  I  yield  to  your  request, 
Tlien,  with  his  scimetar  drawn  in  his  hand. 
Approached  to  execute  the  diead  command, 
By  plungin-  deep  the  weapon  in  her  breast, 
On  her  evading  person  sorely  pressed. 
She  begged  of  hiiu :  O,  why  such  haste  in  this  ? 

8* 


-n  ' 


90 


IILACK   HA.WK,    AKD 

To  one  proscribed,  protracted  life  is  ^liss ! 

To  heaven,  I  own,  I  should  consign  my  fate  ; 

But  O,  that  heaven  had  fixed  a  h;nger  date  ! 

Allow  some  moments,  grant  the  sentence  stay, 

And  give  a  wretched  mortal  time  to  pray — 

*Tis  ail  I  ask,  and  'tis  within  your  power ; 

Deny  not  this  request  in  my  last  hour. 

Then,  kneeling  down,  to  heaven's  all-ruling  Sire, 

Protesting  her  own  iinioceiico  entire, 

And  uttering  hi  Ilis  ear  a  just  complaint, 

To  witness,  calling  every  guitrdian  saint, 

She  prayed  aloud,  heseeching,  on  her  part, 

That  God  would  soften  her  assassin's  heart. 

Him,  too,  the  bloody  messenger  of  strife, 

She  much  besought  to  spare  her  injured  life. 

Her  prayers  and  tears  some  good  impressions  made. 

On  savage  as  he  was,  and  thus  he  .said, 

Relenting  : — if  she  fur  in  woods  would  go. 

And  never  more  society  would  hnow, 

So  all  might  deem  she  earth  no  longer  shared, 

On  such  conditions  should  lier  life  be  spared. 

He,  from  her  beauteous  tresses,  all  unbound, 

Would  shear  a  lock,  and  carry  to  the  ground, 

Camp  of  Omaint-si-ar-nah,  and  him  tell 

He  had  fulfilled  whiit  was  commanded  well, 

Concerning  her  :  then  peaceably  withdrew, 

Left  her  a  wandering  journey  to  pursue, 

And  bore  away  triumphantly  to  teil 

His  duty  done,  how  Xit-o-me-ma  ffll. 

Meanwhile,  within  her  folding  arms  her  child, 

She  wandered  comfortl^s  ihrougli  wood  and  wild. 


la 


Till  Phoebus  from  the  heavens  withclrew  his  light, 
And  spread  o'er  earth  the  shady  veil  of  night. 
To  be  involved  in  darkness  earth  began, 
But  nature,  studious  of  the  wants  of  man, 
With  softer  lights  had  well  supplied  the  place, 
The  burning  radiance  of  bright  PhoBbus'  face. 


XVIII, 

Under  the  open  canopy  of  heaven, 

Did  she  repose  that  memorable  night, 

Supperless.     There  heard  among  the  crash  of  twigs 

And  rustling  leaves,  the  trampling  of  wild  beasts  ; 

The  howl  of  wolves,  that  through  the  forest  dark 

Prowled  for  their  prey  with  fierce,  devouring  jaws. 

The  mournful  noise  of  screech-owl,  solemn  bird  ; 

The  wild-cat's  fiercer  growl,  the  whip-poor-will— 

The  lowing  of  the  buffalo  for  her  yoimg  ; 

The  panther's  scream  from  forest  depths  upflung , 

The  echoing  voice  of  savage  beasts  of  prey, 

And  bark  of  fox,  more  cunning  than  the  rest. 

But  none  were  there  permitted  to  approach, 

Or  touch  one  hair  so  sacred  of  her  head. 

The  stars  shone  bright ;  but  few  or  none  could  pierce 

The  matted  branches,  and  the  trees'  tall  tops, 

That  stood  so  thick  around.     Thick  darkness  there 

Sat  brooding  o'er.     No  moon,  with  cheerful  beams, 

Rode  high  in  heaven  with  soft  refulgent  light. 

To  pierce  the  thicket  through  that  gloomy  night, 

And  kiss  the  cheek  of  innocence  and  beauty. 


92 


BLACK   HAAVK,   AND 


XIX. 

A  night  of  awful  terror  and  suspense 

To  Gentle  Dove.     Her  hours  were  wakeful  all. 

T'  aflbrd  the  least  ioro-ptfulness  of  sorrow, 

Balmy  refrcshniont  yielding,  dewy  sleep 

On  her  allrighted  eye-lids,  there  ?;it  not, 

Oblivion's  charm  a.  moment  to  Indul.'ro. 

Of  all  mankind  flir-dakon — not  a  friend, 

Save  the  Almighty,  now  the  only  reiujio 

Of  her  dear,  hapless  offsprinnf,  and  her.^elf. 

Unto  the  'riirone  of  (Iiace  ascended  prayers 

Constant  and  fervent,  fjr  an  aid  divine  ; 

Until  Aurora,  harbinger  of  day, 

Bright  in  tlie  east  appeared  ;  when,  recommending 

To  care  Onniipotence  herself  anew, 

She  rose,  (so  did  the  sun,)  and  travelled  on    ' 

Her  way  into  the  Ibrest  dense  and  deep. 

XX, 

The  .*Tentlo  spring  had  come,  and  clothed  the  earth 

With  a  green  rolK>l;otIi  beautiftd  and  fair. 

The  morning  tishered  in  a  pleasant  day 

Of  sunshine,  in  the  merry  month  of  May, 

The  trees  had  budded,  some  their  tender  leaves 

Already  had  put  forth,  not  yet  full  grown ; 

To  wit :  the  maple,  and  the  aspen  tall. 

On  these  were  often  seen  tlio  raven  perched. 

With  shining  plumes,  the  partridge,  speckled  hen, 

Woodpecker  busy,  turkey  wild,  and  large. 


SCENES   IN    Tilfi    WEST. 

Deer,  ia  herds,  feeding  on  the  now-grown  grass- 
Others  in  open  glades  were  lying  down, 
And  basking  in  the  sun.     All  which,  away 
Did  ninihly  scamper,  at  her  near  approach. 
Here  various  ilowers,  and  all  of  dillbring  hues, 
The  loveliest  children  of  their  mother  earth. 
Hud  sprung  tip  wild,  in  rich  profusion  rovnid, 
Einbahning  ..ft  the  air  with  their  sweet  iragrance  ; 
The  pathless  forest  beautifying  much. 
And  underneath  her  feet  a  carpet  spreading. 
With  texture  woven  by  Nature's  artle:is  hand. 


93 


XXI. 

Such  scenes  at  other  times  her  soul  had  charmed. 
Their  customary  ])leasure  failed  t'  atford. 
And  to  her  troubled  mind  could  give  no  rest, 
Or  satisfy  keen  hunger's  stern  demands. 
Which  she  now  felt.     Moreover,  seemed  she  no'.v 
Threatened  deotruclion  from  another  quarter. 
To  blow  tremendously  the  wind  began, 
Toward  eve  increasing  to  a  hurricane. 
Old  forest.trees,  of  size  and  balk  extreme, 
With  giant  trunks,  for  centuries  there  had  stood, 
Moved  by  .Mn/ighty  power,  with  roots  uptorn, 
For  the  last  time  contending  with  the  gale, 
Descended  to  the  earth  on  every  side— 


XXII. 


Fc^Uwith  a  mighty  crashing  sound. 
That  deeply  shook  the  solid  ground. 


04 


BLACK    HAWK,   AND 

She  travelled  on,  depressed  in  mind, 
Nor  scarcely  dared  to  look  behind, 
For  fear  the  fall  of  some  large  tree 
Some  beast  in  his  aj)])roach  might  be. 

Sometimes  walking,  often  sighing, 
Sometimes  running,  soinotimcs  crying. 

The  trees  bowed  reverently  down, 

Of  some  the  gale  bereft  a  crown  ; 
Others  waved  violently  their  crests, 
The  birds  were  driven  from  their  nests. 
She  weary  leaned  against  a  tree, 
A  hissing  serpent  thence  did  tlee. 
The  whistling  gale  still  sw(>pt  along. 
Nought  but  its  voice  supplied  the  so^'ng. 
Here  all  was  dismal,  dark  and  dreaiy, 
No  cordials  for  the  faint  and  weary; 
Nor  could  she  here  repress  the  (hvad 
Of  vapory  phantoms  of  the  dead, 
As  by  old  legends  had  been  taught, 
With  credit  and  with  horror  fraught. 

xxiir. 

Now,  ere  black  night  had  spread  her  sable  curtain, 
With  darkness  deej)  that  wood  to  cover  o'er, 
Dear  Gentle  Dove  had  travelled  many  nn'les 
Far  in  the  forest  deep,  where  she  now  Ibund 
A  tree  of  bulging  mood,  and  hollow  trunk, 
A  room  in  size,  quite  spacious  at  t{,e  fbot, 
Low  down ;  appearing  to  have  been  tho  den 


BCENES    IN    THE    WEST. 


95 


Of  boar  or  wolf,  or  large  caniivorou-s  beast, 
That  once  exlslod  here,  b\it  now  extinct ; 
For,  found  about  the  cave  were  many  bones. 
Without,  within,  and  scattered  far  around— 
Its  entrance  was  m  size  a  small-marked  door, 
Into  this  cave  she  entered,  took  possession, 
•  As  of  a  place  of  refuge  from  wild  boasts. 
And  shelter  from  invading  storms  that  come. 
Here  she  for  several  days  and  nights  remained. 
Fasting  the  while,  and  spent  the  time  in  prayer; 
Hence,  supernatural  is  her  preservation. 
Look  not  on  her  forsaken  as  of  (lud  ! 
As  one  whose  prayers  reach  not  the  Holy  Virgin, 
And  not  by  her  presented  to  her  Son  ! 
But  ponder  in  thy  mind,  behold  in  foith ! 
The  miracles  for  her  deliverance  wrought ! 


♦ 


XXIV. 

For  lo  !  as  kneeling  there  profound. 

Engaged  in  prayer,  she  heard  the  sotmd 

Of  something  wonderful  without, 

AVhich  prompted  her  to  look  about. 

TJnoavthly  rapping  at  the  door, 

Such  as  she  never  heard  before  ; 

And,  too,  a  sweet  melodious  voice, 

As  though  an  angel,  to  rejoice 

Her  soul,  had  come  with  heavenly  sound, 

To  visit  that  enchanted  ground. 

Divine  musician  !  work  of  art 

Could  never  thus  have  moved  heV  heart, 


mmmm 


$$  DLACli   UAV»'U,    ANP 

And  \vlng(^(l  her  passions  !     Up  she  rose, 

\iui  quickly  to  tho  opcuiii<r  goes  ; 

Renouncing  striiight  her  tlicud  surprise, 

To  heaven  sho  ruis^tul  lier  toarlul  eyes, 

And  the  fh•^t  happy  look  sho  f^ave, 

She  saw  on  high,  aoove  tho.  cave, 

All  bright,  and  hnuiiious!  and  tlilr, 

The  ))ronii.sed  star  sui'pefuled  thero, 

A  voice  (if  heavenly  sweetness  hjw, 

Unlike  to  mortal  tongues  helow, 

iSaid — Daughtei',  oi'good  courage  be, 

For  Jesus  Clai-.  I  .sii;>tainei!i  diee  ! 

'I'll  be  tliv  ''uido  has  sent  this  t-tar, 

liids  ibllow  where  it  leadetU  lar; 

Corn,  niiik  and  honey  thou  shalt  find, 

And  what  will  ease  :i  troid)led  mind. 

Olieyed  llie  heavenly  voice,  went  iortlj, 

Wilh  her  sweet  babe,  and  journeyed  north. 

Tiic  star  she  had  nut  ibllowed  long, 

Kre  it  did  linger  down  among 

The  top:}  of  trees,  until  it  stood, 

Above  uu  oak  of  bulging  moud  ; 

Whoso  top  was  low,  whos(>  truidc  was  wide, 

And  had  an  opening  In  its  side, 

Which  yawned  low  down,  and  near  the  grcund- 

This  tree  she  full  of  honey  found. 

'Twas  now  her  tears  of  joy  found  vent; 

A  hearty  Te  Deuni  up  sent. 

She  knew  the  honey  to  her  given, 

Tho  promised  su-3tena!icc  from  heaven  ; 

The  vvants  of  hunger  to  supply, 

An  earnest  that  she  should  not  die. 


■» 


SCENES    IN    THE    WEST. 


97 


Slio  broke  and  ate  tlic  procions  fjtoro, 
Till  she  and  babe,  could  eat  no  more  ; 
Then  took  whut  she  could  carry  home, 
Large  pieces  of  the  honoy-coinb  ; 
The  widow's  cruse  was  never  dried, 
Her  scanty  morsel  multiplied  ; 
And  for  the  prophet  of  tlio  Lord, 
'Midst  famine  spread  a  bounteous  board. 


B 


ind- 


XXV. 

Klijali  was  by  ravens  fed, 
And  frihc  a  life  as  piou:<  led  ; 
For  he  had  passiuns,  various  wit, 
Like  ours ;  we  leave  to  holy  writ. 
AVhat  marvel,  thou,  if  sh(5  should  be, 
In  such  a  like  extroTnity, 
Fed  thus,  or  otherwise  pre^jcrved, 
ViV  sovereign  mercy,  whom  she  served? 
She  turned  her  eye — her  guide  was  gone  ; 
But,  looking  f<n-ward,  o'er  a  lawn, 
Again  she  saw  it  settling  there, 
Yet  still  suspended  high  in  air, 
Above  a  spacious  opojiing  glade, 
Which  herding  buflalo  had  made, 
In  ancient  day,  their  stamping-ground, 
Though  now  the  place  did  not  resound 
With  their  loud  low,  grown  scarce  and  gone. 
Here,  grazing  on  this  beauteous  lawn, 
Amidst  this  fair  deserted  ground, 
A  female  buiiiilo  she  f  )und. 

9 


HUPP 


BLACK    UAWKt  AND 

Attended  hy  its  young  it  fe<l ; 
A.8  she  approached,  it  raised  ita  head, 
\n(l  cast  on  liur  complacent  eyes  ; 
Not  with  that  tecling  of  surprise 
Such  creatures  fain  are  wont  to  show, 
When  first  the  human  form  they  know  ; 
Fast  scampering  olfliUc  fleetest  hirni, 
That  ahnost  leaves  the  wind  behind  ; 
But,  inly  feeling  there  no  harm, 
Was  held  hy  some  celestial  charm- 
Made  conscious  of  iu  course  l»y  heaven, 
At  once  suhmilted  to  he  driven 
Quite  home,  and  uddi-rs  drained,  became 
Domesticated,  kind  and  tauio. 


!t 


XXVI. 

Next  day,  unto  the  <»pening  glade 
Another  visit  longer  made. 
And  walking  through,  in  all  her  range, 
Beheld  what  was  siuprising  strange— 
The  promised  corn  nil  springitig  there. 
Already  standing  high  and  fair; 
And  all  about  th'  adjoining  ground, 
Crab-apides,  liuit.>ii  and  berries  fotmd  ; 
And  curling  vines  ascending  high. 
The  lofty  trees  the  forest  nigh — 
Grape  clusters  hanging  high  and  low. 
And  plums  ;  all  these  in  embryo, 
She  gathered  in  their  season,  dried, 
For  timely  using  laid  aside. 


U 


gCKNES    TN    THE    Wflff* 


99 


The  corn  .sin-  ato  when  yrA  'luaa  green, 
Antl  when  its  hann;ing  earH  were  .ieen, 
All  ripe  and  ^fold-like,  yellowed  o'er, 
She  gathered,  and  laid  u[)  iu  store. 
Nor  did  jho  farther  dii^tant  roam, 
IJut  tilled  her  hand  with  honey-conib, 
Unto  her  cavern  straight  returned; 
Her  heart  with  grateful  passion  bnrnedf 
And  regular  as  the  sun  of  mom, 
Oft  as  its  beams  the  eve  adorn, 
The  praise  of  God  inspired  her  tongue, 
And,  as  she  gloried,  thus  rhv  sung  :— 


Raise  thee,  my  soul,  with  ail  thy  powers, 

To  God  a  grateful  song  ! 
Thine  incense  sweet  ascend  these  bowers, 

To  whom  thy  powers  belong. 

For  he  hath  brought  salvation  down, 

To  bless  thy  darkest  day, 
"When  cruel  death,  with  sullen  frown, 

Had  marked  me  for  his  prey. 

When  friends  forsook  me,  then  1  said 
The  Lord  will  hear  my  voice  ; 

I  sought  him,  when  my  comforts  tied, 
He  bade  my  soul  rejoice. 

He  feeds  the  hungry,  starving  souls, 
Their  bread  and  water's  sure, 


100 


BLACK    HAWK,    AND 


i  ! 

I  \ 
i  \ 

I  i 


His  bounty  corn  and  wine  supplies, 
And  honey  will  procure. 

Since,  from  the  grave  my  soul  did  raise, 

My  foes  did  much  condemn, 
For  evermore  will  laud  his  praise, 

The  Star  of  Bethlehem. 

XXVII. 

And  need  we  name  the  horrors  of  her  uilnd  .' 
Imaf^ination  lent  its  aid  to  fear; 
For Trequcnt  were  the  dismaUtorms  shot  down 
Over  that  lone  and  solitary  place, 
UovQ  awful  rendered,  'cause  .^ic  was  ahaie. 
And  brooding  darlaiess  oft  sat  o'er  the  place ; 
Oft  Ijlackeniiig  clouds  hung  over  it,  and  frowned. 
The  fountains  opened,  rain  and  hail  descended  ; 
The  firmament  of  heaven  loud  thunders  shook ; 
Along  the  sky  the  forked  lightnin-  Hashed, 
And  set  the  element  below  on  lire  ; 
Rending,  in  shattered  pieces,  largest  oaks 
Scattering  the  woody  fragments  far  and  wide  ; 
Causing  the  cave,  wherein  she  dwelt,  to  t nimble. 
Beasts  of  the  forest,  too,  luiked  round  th-'-  place  ; 
The  wood  resounded  with  their  frequent  howls. 
And  often,  too,  a  savage  bear  there  came  ; 
Raising  himself,  as  he  approached  the  cave, 
He  looked  within,  as  though  inrlined  to  enter. 
With  looks  of  horror  and  despair,  the  motlier 
Clasped  her  child  more  closely  to  her  side  ; 


1 


-4 

m 


SCENES    IX    THE    AVEST. 


101 


tl( 


1   ? 


down 

ne. 
aco  ; 
rosviK^d. 
ended  » 
yhook ; 

<^ 

wide  ; 
tremble. 
(>  place  ; 
.  howlsj. 

;avc, 
enter, 
other 
ido  ; 


The  infant  babe,  in  innocence,  looked  in 
Her  iace  and  smiled.     She  knelt  in   prayer  to  Him 
Who  in  that  hi)ur  of  need  alone  could  save. 
When  in  the  attitude  of  fervent  prayer, 
Her  visitant  unwelcome,  silent  stood. 
As  though  quite  conscious  of  her  sore  distress- 
By  pity  moved,  approached  not  :  but  would  stand 
With  listening  earcf,  attentive  to  her  words. 
Struck  with  a  ceremony  so  sublime, 
So  solemn  and  impressive  as  it  was — 
Ar-cd  into  reverence  by  such  piety 
And  fervent  supplication,  he  did  yeem 
The  house  of  prayer  unwilling  to  disturb, 
And  sacred  worship  of  the  living  God- 
Left  them  in  silence,  and  returned  no  more. 

XXVIII. 

She  now  conceived  could  sTie  but  |-.indle  fire 
At  the  cave's  mouth,  it  would  not  only  be 
Protection  'gainst  the  cold  inclement  weather, 
But  prove  a  means  to  keep  wild  i>easts  away. 
But  yet  this  boon  from  heaven  she'd  not  received; 
And  how  she  should  obtain  it  did  not  know, 
For  steel,  or  match,  or  tinder,  she  had  none  ; 
Became  alarmed,  began  to  entertain 
Doubts,  and  much  serious  fear,  that  heaven,  although 
In  mercy  corn  and  honey,  milk,  had  given, 
In  bounteous  stores,  yet  was  she,  even  now, 
In  wretched  state,  forlorn,  and  danger  great, 
Of  perishing  by  cold,  or  by  wild  beasts. 

9* 


i 


108  BLACK    HAWK,    AXD 

While  she,  perplexed,  still  poiulerod  on  these  things, 

Bewildered  much,  not  knowing  what  to  do, 

And  seeking  oft  in  prayer,  for  aid  divine, 

Behold !  a  violent  thunder-storm  arose, 

*Twas  darkness  all,  save  when  the  lightning's  glare 

Showed,  by  her  posture,  that  she  was  in  prayer. 

XXIX. 

A  sudden  flash  caused  the  whole  heavens  to  glow, 

And  set  on  fire  the  elements  below  ; 

Followed  by  peal  of  thunder  so  tremendous— 

So  sudden,  and  so  awful,  it  did  make 

The  earth's  foundation  to  its  centre  shake, 

And  smote  a  tree  hard  by  her  dwelling-place, 

Kindling  a  fire  which  did  consmne  it  there. 

She,  looking  up,  beheld  the  tree  on- fire. 

And  raised  her  eye  to  heaven's  all-ruling  Sire ; 

And  in  the  sky  above  beheld  the  sign. 

The  sacred  impress  of  the  hand  divine : 

The  promised  light  suspended  there. 
All  luminous,  and  bright,  atid  fair; 
And  that  it  did  in  crosses  lighten, 
*Twa3  then  her  hopes  began  to  brighten. 

By  this  she  knew  the  fire  was  sent  for  her, 

In  answer  to  her  prayers  for  aid  divine. 

In  grateful  adoration  she  exclaimed, 

O  holy  star!  my  comforter  and  guide 

In  every  season  of  adversity  ! 

Thy  approach  in  awful  grandeur  I  do  hail  I 

Not  as  portentous  comet,  threatening  war, 


ii 


SCRNE9   IN   THE   WEST. 


103 


these  things, 
do, 


iiing's  glare 
[\  prayer. 


And  pending  ruin,  but  with  joy  immense  ; 
For  nought  but  good  to  me  thy  presence  brings  I 
She  went  unto  the  tree,  and  took  thereof, 
And  kindled  there  a  fire,  which  went  not  out  i 
And  after  this,  she  suffered  not  with  fear. 
Nor  was  she  more  disturbed  by  beasts  of  prey. 


\S  to  glow, 

!ous— 

kc, 
•place, 

pre. 

f 
gSire; 


n. 
her, 


all  I 
rar, 


XXX. 

Of  all  utensils  household,  destitute. 

Each  useful  article  of  furniture, 

In  making  such  as  stood  she  most  in  need 

Most  absolute,  she  found  an  ample  scope 

For  exercise  of  her  inventive  powers. 

Among  the  various  articles  she  made. 

Was  morta^,  fine  for  pounding  out  her  com; 

Which  cost  great  labor,  deal  of  tirnc  and  patience. 

This  from  a  tree  which  lay  beside  the  cave, 

A  circumstance,  for  her  quite  providential, 

Did  she  burn  out,  and  made  it  fit  f<3r  use. 

Some  of  her  corn  she  parched,  and  ate  with  milk, 

Some  pounded  fine,  and  made  it  into  cakes  ; 

Which  she  first  baked  before  the  fire  on  bark 

Was  smooth,  and  answered  well,  until  her  genius 

Found  something  better  out,  and  ate  with  honey. 

Corn,  altogether,  sometimes  would  omit, 

Alone  of  milk  and  honey  make  a  meal ; 

And  we  must  tell  you,  also,  how  she  came 

To  be  possv^ssed  of  crockery,  hollow. ware  ; 

For  this  of  course  you  know  she  must  have  needed. 

These  from  a  kind  of  stiff  blue  clay  she  made, 


i  I 


104 


1  is 


BLACK    11  AUK,  AND 

Found  in  a  hill-sidc,  where  the  water  oozed  ; 

Whose  green.tufled  cre^I.  v.-iih  shrubbery  ri-h  was  crowned, 

While  on  its  side. long  ciifTs  were  barren  "roanj, 

A  level  plain  appeared  about  its  base, 

Sol  burnished  with  his  earliest  beam  the  place. 

XXXI. 

These  with  her  hands  to  welLshnped  dishes  moulded, 
And  dried  them  in  the  shade  quite  tliorou;,diIj, 
And  baked  them  in  a  furnace  of  hor  own  ; 
And  they  did  answer  her  a  fmrpose  good. 
The  female  bullalo  grew  quite  soon  so  tame, 
It  would  approach  her  of  its  own  accord, 
And  lick  her  hatid.     So  much  attached  it  "rcw 
Unto  its  mistress,  for  her  gifts  humane, 
That  out  of  sight  of  her 'twould  scarcely  go; 
Fed  constant  near  the  cave,  no  firlher  going 
Than  to  the  lawn,  or  ancient  .stamping.gruund. 
During  her  stay  here,  it  increased  ii  luwd. 
Her  little  boy,  whose  luimo  was  Xamah,  grew. 
Could  drive  and  fetch  theui  iW  his  parent  kind. 
He  was  a  generous,  ftoblchearlv-d  iif,y, 
His  mother's  only  hoj)e,  her  pride  and  joy- 
Bright  and  intelligent,  and  as  he  did 
Partake  much  of  her  pious  disposition, 
And  sweetness,  was  a  source  of  comfurl  to  her. 

xx:ut. 

Having  resided  here  a  length  of  time, 
To  covet  meat  began.     Th«  use  of  which 


fr 


6Cr.NF3    IN    THi:    WEST. 


105 


ooZ('(] ; 

}-r!'.;h  was  crowned, 

en  ^1-0 an  J, 

be  place. 


lii'ljcs  niouMcd, 

I'll  ; 

:xl. 

tame, 

\ 

I  it  gicw 

J,MulWld. 


h,  jjrrew, 
tit  IJiid. 


to  hor. 


li 


She'd  ever  Leen  accustomed,  cliildhood  up. 
As  the  chief  staple  food,  and  staff  of  life. 
Already  gone  long  time  without,  became 
A  sovereign  want,  and  longing  to  indulge, 
Putting  invention  to  the  raclc,  to  find 
Some  certain  method  to  obtain  this  boon. 
The  best  and  only  method  she  devised, 
Was  to  ensnare.     To  this  eud  built  a  hedge, 
Or  fence  of  sticks  and  brush,  and  down-fallen  wood, 
To  stop  small  animals  in  their  daily  walks- 
No  matter  for  the  want  of  symmetry. 
At  intervals,  an  opening  small  she  left, 
Or  gateway  in  the  hedge,  and  set  a  snare, 
Made  from  the  bushy  tail  of  buffalo. 
Ill  thjs  hedge,  furlongs  four  or  more  in  length, 
Which  more  than  fifty  snarcgates  in  it  had — 
Much  lime  in  its  construction  occupying, 
Puring  the  first  and  second  years,  were  caught 
Wild  turkeys,  pigeons,  prairie-hens,  and  quails, 
Rabl/Us,  dry  ment,  and  partridges  profuse— 
or  squirrels  nimble,  oft  ate  off  the  noose  ; 
Yielding  a  bountiful  supply  some  time. 
But  after  second  year,  and  numbers  caught, 
Those  of  that  Bpccios,  as  by  instinct  led, 
Or  warned  of  dan^c  ',  did  avoid  the  hedge ; 
The  snarcgates  'specially,  or  flying  o'er, 
Or  going  around  them,  fearing  threatened  death  j 
So  that  this  mode  of  gaining  oft  supplies, 
So  full  of  promise  fu'st,  failed  in  the  end  ; 
And  most  tht^  snares  in  gates  becoming  broken, 
The  hedge  was  left  to  fall  into  docay, 
A3  mortal  man  must  fall  another  way ; 


A\  \ ! 


106 


»I.ACK    HAWK,    AND 


Who  have  as  short  a  time,  a  moment's  space. 
And  with  the  king  of  terrors  find  no  graeo. 


■I 


tjii 


'  -I  t 


XXXIII, 

With  a  desire  intense  she  fain  would  shy, 

And  dress  and  eat  the  calves  of  hufta  lo. 

These  from  tlie  herd  a  full  supply  would  yield ; 

But  how,  without  a  hatchet  or  a  knife, 

Some  instrument  sharp-edged,  could  she  do  this  ? 

About  this  time,  four  years  in  this  dense  forest. 

Without  being  seen  by  any  human  form, 

Except  her  little  boy,  a  melancholy 

Event  occurred.     For,  wandering  out  tlie  way 

Farther  than  usual,  in  pursuit  of  fruit 

And  berries,  accidentally  lost  the  path. 

Before  aware,  the  sun,  her  only  guide, 

By  which  to  shape  her  course,  his  beams  withdrew, 

And  lay  concealed  behind  a  bank  of  clouds. 

Fast  as  she  could,  she  travelled  all  that  day, 

Walking,  and  running  much  with  all  her  might. 

On  towards  her  cave  direct,  as  she  supposed^ 

Spurred  on  by  fear,  that  overshadowing  night 

Would  lower,  ere  she  the  destined  port  could  reach— 

Her  once  again,  in  open  wood  compel, 

Weather  inclement,  furious  beasts  arotmd. 

To  danger  of  assaults  herself  expose. 

Howe'er,  as  He  who  rules  above  ordained, 

It  happened,  ere  the  king  of  day  went  down, 
She  crossed  her  cabin,  to  her  groat  relief 
And  joy,  but  much  fatigued  by  this  mishap, 
Which  wrought  I50  heavily  upon  her  mind, 


SCENES    IN    THK    WKST, 


10" 


it*s  space, 
graco. 


1  sl:ij% 
lo. 

luld  yield ; 

she  (Jo  this  ? 
nso  forest, 
►rm, 

t  tlie  way 

h. 

?f 

ams  withdrew, 

onds, 

at  day, 

her  might, 

pposed ; 

ig  night 

it  could  reach— 

I, 

iitid, 

incd, 

down,  " 

lief 

hnp, 

kind, 


And  bodily  strength  so  much  did  overcome, 
That  she  foil  sick,  with  inward  fever  parched  ; 
Nor  went  she  out  the  cave  for  several  weeks, 
By  o'er  exertion  great,  so  much  impaired. 

XXXIV. 

But  yet,  e'en  this  distressing  circumstance, 

Without  its  own  advantages  came  not. 

For  in  her  way\N'ard  journey  through  the  wood, 

Beneath  the  earth  and  yellow  loaves,  shs  found 

Decayed,  but  remnant  seen,  an  Indian's  belt, 

In  which  did  lay  his  knife  and  tomahawk. 

Rusty  all  o'er,  been  lost  for  many  years. 

She  saw,  too,  in  this  place,  the  Indian's  bones, 

Slain  in  some  former  war,  as  she  supposed, 

And  by  his  red  relations  never  found, 

But  overlooked,  unburied  left  to  lie. 

The  knife  and  hatchet  were  of  service  to  hot", 

Incalculable.     Scouring  off  the  rust, 

So  many  years  on  them  accumulating. 

She  sharpened  them  on  stones,  a  tedious  work. 

With  these,  enabled  was  to  kill  and  dress 

Her  buffalo  calves,  for  food.     And  this  she  did. 

XXXV. 

And  what  she  did  not  need  at  first, 

To  satisfy  desire, 
Cut  up  in  pieces  thin,  and  dried, 

And  smoked  it  o*er  the  fire — 


ff 


1 . 


!|    i 


loa 


BT.ACK    HAWK,    A.ND 


a  scaftold 


Upon 

As  Indian  cuatoi 
For  she,  or  tliey,  no 


,  made  of 


r 


)o 


t-s. 


n:s  serve. 


Tlicir  viands  to  p 


,  no  er  used  t!io  salf. 


The  first  she  ato 


Unto  h 


I'csciva, 


was  swocter  Ar. 


er  laste,  than  honey 


O,  sucli  a  treat,  and  such 
ere  never  boiiqlit  \xh] 


W 


sweet  meat. 


»  money 


f 


Full 


seven  ](tn£r 


g  years  ^ho  now  liail  I 


-  .  -«'W  Jiad  Iccii, 

Here,  m  this  lonely  phiee, 

No  human  being  had*  she  seen 
Show  there  a  smih'ng  face. 

Corn  annual  yielded  it.  increase, 

Her  honey  Jasted  stiJl, 
And  fliithfuily  tiie  Virgin  did 

Her  promises  luliil.' 

And,  regular  as  the  av.n  c.f  mr>rn 
Shed  his  reviving  rays, 

Upon  that  place,  huth  mo'rn  nnd  eve, 
Tohcavenshochantedpral.se. 

Omaint.si.ar-nah,  credulon.s  too  much. 

Soon  to  return  unto  his  native  home, 

A,^  that  of  his  dear  GVntle  Dove,  eared  n.t. 

Up  m  his  mmd  scenes  that  would  trouble  hini  • 
ou  many  thmgs  by  them  owed  iuccmmr^ 


11 


SCENES    IX    THE    WEST. 


109 


B  salf, 


meat, 


lail  Ic 


CCil. 


ve. 


»T\vouM  tend  his  sorrows  greatly  to  increase, 
And  melt  and  break  a  heart  ahrady  broken. 
E'en  absent,  these  iii)on  his  rerollectiong 
Intni'led  oft,  and  were  appalling  to  him  ; 
And,  when  ho  thou;;ht  thereon,  he  wept  full  sore. 
For  he  had  loved  her.     She  hia  idol  wa-  : 
Therelbre,  he  stayed  iVom  thence  for  several  years, 
And  fcou'iht  to  drown  his  melancholy  grief. 


111  sw 


ec 


t  fori-etfulness  of  v/hat  liad  parsed. 


At  length  returned  unto  the  home,  unhappy, 
Of  Gentle  Dove.     Iler  mother  now  no  moro. 
Cabin  removed,  and  feeling  diseonlent, 
Walked  .solitary  round  a]>out  the  wood. 
Through  all  the  groves  and  place:-;  of  resort. 
And  rambling,  where  himself  and  Gentle  Dove 
Had  wandered  oft,  and  promenad-d  once 
Together,  sweet  conversing  on  all  thing? 
Tluit  gave  each  other  mutual  delight ; 
While  each  was  by  no  other  feeling-,  moved, 
Than  virtue  doth  elicit,  and  where  they 
Had  whilcd  the  happy  hours  away  of  love  ; 
Had  sat  on  banks  along  the  purling  tide, 
Aniotig  the  flowers  so  gay  that  grew  beside, 
And  ata  wild  fruits  and  borrles  they  had  fjund, 
While  sportive  joys  their  pure  devotion  crowned. 


ni>t. 
I  call 
hi  in ; 


"^XVII, 


In  anguish  of  his  heart  bo  loud  exclaimed  :- 
O,  that  she  had  but  innocent  remained ! 

10 


.■■pw 


If 


1^    i 


110 

iiJ'MK    HAWK,    ASD 

ra  given  the  world  itsoir  to  had  it  so! 

I.np«..il,Io  !  O,  this  does  .oem  unlik„_ 

„"'■'  "^  '"'  *P"I«'.  I'is  tear,  flowe,!  coni,„„  ,.„„. 

'•"•V'"  ^°''H."«'.l  :  all  1  have  s,.o„ 
I)»"ghtc,..s  of  ,„e.,a,„o„,,,  „.,„..  ,,,..;^,^,^ 

•S"  Welv  ,„  nWno  oyes,  or  pleased  , so  vvoll 
in<leed,  ,  do  l,el,Vvc,  „,.„  sea.r.l'.o:!:^,,, 

A".i  never  find  .Hu.ec,,,a,.;:„r;;,";!;jf"""''^'''-. 

xxxvrir. 
!<-  hope  i,,  or  ,„  ...j,  ,,„„,,,  ,^„  . ^  ^,       , 

r.yl,eauty,vaso.,|„isi,e,  sweet  ,l,y  voice 
ri,y  form  was  elegant  in  Ingl,  d,.gree 

In  manners  graeeful,  in  de,.o,.tna.„,  rare 
In'olljgent,  kind-hearted.  condescendi'. 

And  disposition  better,  world  defied '"' 
Old  ull  who  l<„ew,  admire  thee  ?    So  did  I 

widr/trrV'^"^'-''^"''™^'''''' 

' '"  '"'"'•  "''"ve  all  other  objects  ! 


i 

0» 


Ifl  tljus  have  changed 
:it  to  name, 


10  : 


'pioM.'?  down 

U 
'icempfl 

lidsf. 
Dugh  all-— 

>i's  head, 
i.s  bed, 

unbounded  sea, 
!e! 


CO. 


II, 

ft 

ctsf 


JJLliNES    IN    THE    WEST. 

For  all  in  woman,  noble  and  desired, 
Was  found  in  thee,  in  absolut(;  perfection. 
The  new  religion,  taught  thee  by  Marquette, 
The  hidden  mysteries  of  that  holy  cross, 
In  which  thou  didst  believe  and  understand, 
Though  I  could  not  ;  yet  it  did  render  thee 
Still  more  attractive— and  in  thy  devotions. 
Thou  didst  resemble  much  an  angel  bright. 
But  how  such  goodness  could  degenerate. 
And  fall,  and  turn  to  evil  at  the  last, 
Is  mystery  I  can  never  understand  ; 
Which,  sure,  a  revelation  must  require, 
From  ghosts  of  souls  departed,  to  unfold  ! 

XXXIX. 

Fve  strove  to  drive  thee  from  my  thoughts. 
And  wandered,  lovely  dame. 

To  drown,  in  sweet  forgetfulncss, 
The  memory  of  thy  name. 

'Tis  vain  ;  the  pangs  of  holy  love 

Can  never  be  eflaced. 
The  lovely  form  seems  lovely  still. 

By  whatsoe'er  disgraced. 

With  all  thy  faults  adore  thee  still, 

And  ever  more  shall  love  ; 
This  dooms  me,  while  I  live,  a  wretch, 
•   Shut  out  from  thee,  my  Dove ! 


Ill 


1V2 


ni.ArK    H.UVK,    AND 


xr,. 


Tlicir  groves  and  f^>rmpr  Iiiumts  lio  nnich  frcfjiients, 

>Vhoro  tlicy,  for  pastiiiio,  oil  in  oxnjriso 

Of  liioro^rljphie  wrifii).r,  }ku|  fhomsolvos, 

Hv  carving  on  the  fnmks  of  .^tandinjr  trees, 

Amij.sod.     Thoy  Imd  invented,  of  tlieir  own, 

^i;'i»s  of  idea.^,  to  others  quite  unknown ; 

But  wliich  themselves  di<l  folly  tnidersland, 

M'liich  on  a  beacli^.s  (nndi  did  iir-t  en^rrave, 

^Vijose  thick  and  .spreadino-  houghs  theni  umbrngo  gave. 

.^'I'orn  PlKehus'  burning  beam.    'J'jiese  afterwards, 

On  various  trees  adjoining,  they  (b'd  cnrvo; 

Until,  by  practice  in  this  jdeasing  a; t, 

Of  pictural  correspondence  'tween  thon.srdvea, 

Skillld  became.     Engraven  here,  ho  saw, 

In  characters  lie  fully  understood, 

And  in  the  well-known  hand  of  (icnlle  Dovn, 

AVhaf,  by  the  era,  he  perceived  wa  ••  vrijoa, 

Time  aller  his  departure  to  tlio  v,ar, 

To  him  Inscribed.     Inspection  move  nni.uto 

Unfolded  mysteries  of  a  woful  truth, 

How  .she  had  been  maltreated,  and  abu.-^ed, 

biand-red,  betrayed  to  dealli  by  (^leda-wah 

Moi.tin(iimous.     'Twas  read  and  miderstood. 

Conviction  Hashed  upon  him,  overwlielming, 

At  this  amazing  new  discovery. 

He  now  believed  and  felt  her  binocent. 

Kemorse  and  raging  grief  seiz(>d  on  his  vitaU; 

His  hair  and  garments  rent,  lu's  breast  ho  beat' 

With  violence,  and  fell  down  as  in  a  swoon— 


8CE>T,S   IN   THE    WEST. 


113 


I  frefjnewts, 


es. 


•W!), 


V(». 


uinbrn^fo  gave, 
terwards, 


o; 


<':]\-eet 


)(:iVf>, 
on, 

jto 

ah 

)0(?, 


itals  J 
1)oat 
n— 


■tmf 


Rolled  on  the  ground,  in  his  disfross  cxtnMiic, 

And  ajiony  of  soul.     'I'his  driMuhid  night, 

No  bahny  shniibcrsi  visitod  liis  cijiirh  ; 

No  drowsy  sleep  sat  on  his  wakeful  eye-lids, 

Distilling  snporiferous  dews,  to  drown 

Ilis  pungent  sorrows  in  forfji't fulness, 

One  moment  to  allord  oblivion  s\ve(^t. 

IIo  rose  not  np  that  night,  nor  led  the  place  : 

I?in  passed  it  there  in  sighs,  and  groans  and  tears. 

Souu'tiuies  in  boisterous  tones  his  feelings  vent, 

In  hideous  bowlings  would  so  loud  lament, 

The  whole  great  forest  echoed  to  the  sound, 

As  though  a  lion  sent  his  voice  around. 

KU, 

»Twas  dark  and  dismal  ;  stars  could  not  this  night 
Pierce  that  dense  atmosphere  of  clouds  with  light, 
No  moon  was  there  to  chase  away  the  gloom, 
Beasts  of  the  forest  leave  their  lairs  to  roam. 
And  range  abroad  fur  prey,  as  nightly  thieves  ; 
Noise  of  their  footsteps,  rustling  of  the  leaves, 
And  crackling  sound  of  twigs,  is  on  the  ear  : 
Who  tell,  what  dangerous  beast  might  not  appear  ? 

XLII. 

The  echoing  sound  of  their  wild  voices  hoarse, 
Distinctly  heard,  expressive  of  their  feelings- 
Ideas  to  their  own  species  would  convey. 
Their  kind  revealed.     For  signs,  and  language,  too, 

10* 


Jt- 


r 


114 


BLACK    UAWK,  AND 


All  animals  have :  have  each  a  dialect 

Peculiar  to  themselves,  \.ell  understood. 

But  'mong  all  languages  and  dialects 

By  difTerent  nations  spoken,  nought  was  heard, 

Save  voice  of  murder,  robbery,  and  rapine  ; 

Here  were  no  soothing  words  for  one  distressed, 

Nor  sympathizing  language  here  sent  up 

By  any  of  the  beastly  throng,  save  one— 

This  was  Omahit-si.ar-nah's  fliiihful  dog. 

He,  the  affectionate  creature,  took  a  deep 

And  vital  interest  in  all  things  that  passed, 

That  his  afflicted  master  did  concern  ; 

Felt  as  he  felt,  or  so  did  seem  to  feel. 

And  to  partake  of  all  his  sore  distress  , 

Did  all  he  could  to  soothe  and  share  his  wo— 

Though  he  could  not  have  known  the  cause  exact, 

Yet  did  he  raise  a  loud  and  doleful  cry. 

And  answered  howl  for  howl,  the  live'-long  night. 


M 


XLiir. 


i 


Now,  in  this  place,  'tis  proper  to  observe, 
'Mong  Indians,  when  a  murder  is  committed. 
The  nearest  kinsman's  duty  it  becomes 
T'  avenge  the  death,  and  slay  the  miu'derer. 
When,  and  wherever  he  can  overtakt;  him— 
Their  mode  of  doing  justice  in  such  case. 
Therefore,  pursuant  to  this  custom  good, 
When  morn  had  come,  and  lirst  impulse  of  grief 
Was  o'er— its  raging  billows  some  subt^iding, 
Omaint-si-ar-nah  rose,  and  armed  himself; 


SCENES    IN    THE    WEST. 


115 


s  heard, 


ne  ; 


istressed, 
P 


cd, 


wo 

use  exact, 

ng  night. 


tted, 


er. 


)f  grief 


'"g» 


And  went  in  dire  pursuit  of  Quc-la-wah. 

Not  far  from  his  own  wigwam  chanced  to  meet, 

Gathering  some  sticks  to  make  his  morning  fire. 

Unconscious  of  his  fate,  and  unapprized 

Of  any  evil,  dangerous  foe's  approach, 

Without  his  arms,  this  morn  had  ventured  out. 

Omaiiit-si-ar-nah,  soon  as  he  drew  near, 

Unceremonious  quite,  accosted  him  : 

Ho  !  son  of  violence,  fraud,  and  blood  !  'La-wah ! 

To  be  my  foulest  foe  !  I've  found  thee  out ! 

Whom  I  did  trust  as  guardian  of  my  wife, 

Art  thou,  thyself,  the  murderer  of  my  wife ! 

Yea,  hast  destroyed  her— she,  my  soul's  delight, 

E'en  Nit-o-me-ma,  virtuous  and  good — 

The  best  and  loveliest  woman  ever  graced 

The  laud  of  Sacs  ;  betrayed  her  to  her  death, 

By  your  malicious  falsehoods  palmed  on  me  ! 

Is  this  the  way  my  kindness  to  requite  ? 

Becoming  gratitude  to  exercise  ? 

Prepare,  this  instant,  for  thy  death,  'La-wah  ! 

Deceitful,  as  thy  name  imports,  art  thou. 

Prepare  for  instant  death ;  for  I  do  swear, 

By  the  Great  Spirit,  ruling  all  above. 

And  by  the  evil  spirit,  hating  good, 

That  to  and  fro  walks  up  and  down  the  earth, 

Fillinsr  the  mind  with  violence,  fraud,  and  blood ; 

By  all  that  Indians  sacredly  observe. 

That  thou  no  longer  on  the  earth  shalt  live. 

Now  will  I  spill  thy  blood,  and  take  thy  life  ; 

'Tis  forfeited  to  me,  for  that  of  my  poor  wife. 

The  coward,  all  aghast,  and  struck  with  shame, 


116 


BLACK    HAWK,   AND 


And  conscious  guilt,  at  tils  his  fjite  so  just, 
Choked  with  his  .sentcnco — uttered  not  a  word, 
Nor  mado  resistance  aught  to  palliate, 
'Si-ar-nah  beul  hii?  bo\v,  umth  sure  his  aim  j 
Now  die,  as  you  deserve*,  deceitful  wretch 
He  said,  and  sent  the  arrow  to  his  heart. 
He  fell.     'Si.ar.nah  running  up  to  hini, 
And  dr;nvln^<:  cut  hi^  scinielar's  hroad  Made, 
Which  he  had  used  in  war,  hi.^  cruwn  cut  oflj 
And  jdaccd  his  head  on  high  heside  the  road 
Beneath  the  branches  of  a  niaj»le.tree. 


XLIV. 

Then  slept  he  quietly  that  night, 

rieased  with  such  sweet  rcvengo  in  fight. 

Next  eve,  as  on  Ins  couclj  ho  lay. 

And  passed  tlie  wakeful  hours  away, 

In  runiinnting  on  the  |)asf, 

His  thoughts  upon  the  iiiture  ca.-;t  j 

He  heard  without  an  aMlIil  iioI,,e, 

An  ihav'yh  on  lofty  wing.s  <li(J  poise. 

And  hovering  oVr  and  round  hl.-i  head, 

The  misty  phantom?*  of  the  dead  ; 

And  spirits  disembodied  there. 

Unquiet,  venting  in  the  air 

Their  plaintive  melancholy  wo, 

In  .shrieks  that  mortals  woidd  lorego. 

Like  distant  thujider  seemed  a  sound. 

That  shook  the  tenoujent  and  ground; 

And  lo !  ill  came  a  phautomed  host, 

And  chief  of  these  was  Queda's  ghost— 


■an 


8CENE3  IN  TUB  WEST. 


117 


All  pale  and  haggard,  as  when  slain, 

All  bathed  in  tears  ihat  foil  as  rain  ; 

And  by  hl:^  bed.sidc  came  and  stood 

Distressed,  in  melancholy  mood, 

As  though  o'crwhelmed  with  conscious  shame, 

For  what  lie  dreaded  much  to  name. 

'iVIce  he  essayed  to  speulc,  and  sighed, 

Twice  on  his*  tongue  the  accents  died. 

For  something  there  appeared  wiihia 

Too  big  for  utterance — a  sin. 

'Si-ar-.  ah  silence  broke,  and  said, 

^poak,  whether  living  form,  or  dead ! 

Whoe'er  you  are,  and  without  fear, 

Your  business  to  my  listening  ear 

^)i:^cIose,  whatever  it  may  be, 

T\0  terror  shall  it  bring  to  me. 

For  though  you  be  the  king  of  hell, 

Or  in  whatever  regions  dwell, 

That  hither  come  in  dread  array. 

In  mystery,  solemn  pomp  display — 

I  fear  you  not.     But  of  your  birth, 

I  thiidi  Fve  seen  your  form  on  eart'j, 

And  deem,  if  I  have  eyes  to  know. 

And  to  distinguish  ghosts  below, 

Thi.!U  hast  engaged  in  bloody  strife, 

And  art  the  murderer  of  my  wite. 

XLV. 

Yes,  I  am  Que-la.wah  you  slew, 

For  what  just  cause  well  known  to  you, 


0., 


118 


BLACK  HAWK}  AKD 


Departed  spirits  privileged  be, 
Who  roam  th'  airial  portals  free, 
Th'  affairs  of  kindred  minds  to  know, 
"With  whom  they  conversed  long  below. 
There  needs  no  repetition  here, 
Of  what  is  past  to  mortals  dear; 
But  touching  Nit.o.mcma's  doom, 
To  let  you  know,  for  this  I  come, 
You  to  inform,  that  lovely  she. 
Whose  heart  I  strove  to  win  from  thee, 
Is  not  as  yet  dismissed  from  time. 
To  wildly  rove  aorial  clime, 
In  fairy  regions  of  the  dead  ; 
But  still  on  earth  she  lifts  her  head- 
Still  in  the  body.     Cherish  thi^?, 
An  earnest  of  your  future  l>li.ss. 
The  fiend  commissioned  her  to  lull,. 
With  false  reports  your  ear  did  /ill, 
Has  passed  th*^  bounds  of  mortal  day, 
His  crimes  could  brook  no  long  delay ; 
A  disembodied  spirit  he. 
Companion  of  my  misery. 
Him  first  I  saw,  when  there  I  came  ; 

He  knew  me  by  my  marks  of  shame 

Saluted  with  inquiring  breath, 

To  know  of  my  untimely  death  ; 

The  cause,  imseemly,  prematme, 

A  flower  which  promised  to  endure, 

I  straightly  told  him  all  that  passed, 

And  how  I  fell,  Aoni  first  to  last. 

All  which  he  seemed  much  pleased  to  hear  j 

From  his  pale  visage  dropped  a  tear 


^- 


SCENES  IN   THE   WEST. 


119 


Of  sullen  joy,  to  think  that  ho 
Was  so  well  matched  in  misery  ; 
And  that  no  greater  were  his  crimes, 
Than  many  others  of  his  times. 
But  where,  said  I,  does  'Me.ma  dwell? 
I  see  her  not ;  but  thou  full  well 
'JVIust  know  her  habitation  where. 
Whose  sword  dismissed  her  soul  to  air. 
He  straight  informed,  with  accent:*  mild, 
He  ne'er  had  slain  her  or  the  child  ; 
But  said  that  she  was  living  still, 
And  in  the  forest  roamed  at  will. 
Until  a  certain  cave  she  found. 
Enclosed  by  thickets  all  around ; 
In  midway  of  the  forest  dread. 
Where  she  miraculously  fed. 
Still  lives  and  breathes  the  upper  air, 
A  lonely  solitude  to  share. 
No  man  has  ever  been  that  way, 
Or  found  her  dwelli.g  to  this  day — 


XLTI. 

Though  has  been  there  so  many  years. 
And  shed  so  many  bitter  tears- 
Is  something  worn  by  time  and  care. 
Yet  she  is  ruddy,  fresh  and  fair; 
True  to  her  lawful  consort,  she 
Both  was,  and  is,  in  constancy. 
Yea,  just  as  loyal,  faithful,  sure, 
Has  ever  been,  and  chaste  and  pure« 


I 


mo 


ULACS   HAWK,   AND 


As  ghost  of  vestal  virgin  sp.ems, 
When  in  the  evening's  dusky  beamit, 
Hoveling  between  the  hills  It  glides 
In  mist  along  the  mountain's  aldvs — 
That  no  contamination  kuou*, 
Unspotted  as  tlic  virgin  snow. 
Tliere  still  exists  this  (lower  ot' earth; 
As  }ot,  she  knoYv's  no  heavenly  birth  ; 
And  there,  by  searching,  you  njay  IlaJ 
Her  that  will  case  your  troubled  mind. 
This  said,  ho  I'lrther  added  not, 
Xor  spake  ot'his  immortal  lot, 
Ofuuglit  parlicular,  love  oi*  hato, 
Or  prospects  ot'his  tuture  state. 
J3ut,  shrouded  In  tlio  .-aide  night, 
He  quickly  faded  out  €>f  sight; 
And  glided  upward,  as  would  scero, 
Like  phantom  in  the  f  vening  beam. 
Of  him  last  heard,  was  a  voice  npsenf, 
Of  mingled  terror,  loud  lament, 
Which,  down  from  good  ';>i.ar.nali*3  ryes, 
Drew  tears  of  pity  and  surprise. 


ii 


xLvn. 

Then  rose  'Sl.ar.nah  uj>  .straightway. 
Nor  waited  till  the  dawn  of  day ; 
Hut  early,  W'ith  no  tardy  bound, 
And  roused  up  all  the  country  round— 
With  sound  of  trumpet,  ehali  I  tell? 
'J'he  hollow-sounding  drum,  or  bell  ? 


ifiL 


n 


eci:>:s3  i:»  inv.  west. 

The  Ijuglu's  notf?,  or  Fit  ucliTuan's  horn  1 

Niiy  !  ihest*  their  iinnoiy  <lou*t  ;iduni ; 

But  with  the,  clatterinj];  n-our.A  oi'hujies, 

7'ogetlicr  beat,  ol'llwiiiing  toii?ii — 

Tht?  wliir^th',  war-whoop,  r^ytxxo  iutcr.t, 

IluIIoo,  and  ^roncral  hhout  iipsont. 

flulhciiiiig"  a  'iiuaioroiiJ  JuiiUItU'';?, 

rniiirchod  lh(.>  v.h:'!.?  l*'n?:i.t,  r;vj!i  occlude  ; 

At  length  discovcrcJ  ho  tho  c:iv?, 

Which  hopeful  expcctatu)ii  g:ivo ; 

And  coniiiig  to  tlic  openiiij,j  itiir, 

Dciiiaiuk'd  hr.idiy,  who  was  thore. 

Deep  fi'oia  wUhii),  a  voice  \va5  licard— 

lie  called  a  second  time,  and  third  ; 

IJut  f;he  delayed  to  como  in  view, 

Though  well  his  voice  and  couuionanca  knew. 


121 


XLVIII. 

She  felt  ashamed  t*  appear,  CcjV  shj  was  coy  ; 
Worn  out  her  gannent?; — to  sui-ply  th-jir  placo 
Erteclually,  with  scanty  means  could  not. 
Save  Indian  stroud,  (,>r  skiii,  wdiich  she  had  made 
or  pliant  skins  ot' quadrupeds  ensnared— 
Together  pewed  with  tho'igs,  and  belied  round; 
A  customary  garment  'luong  thera  worn  : 
Save  !)ea(L^  ot' wampum  round  her  gracelul  neck, 
And  some  slight  covering  o'er  her  bosom  thrown, 
Siive.  what  her  long  and  l^eauteoui  tresses  covered, 
Thero  was  not  aught  her  l)ear.-y  to  cr.iicea], 
Or  nature's  lovely,  simple  garb  unnmke — 


m 


!  I 


if 


122 


BLACK    HAWK,    AISU 

Costume  most  ancient  of  iho  hand  divine. 
But  like  our  moiher  Eve,  in  Eden'.,  bower 
or  bliss,  wlicn  unadorned,  was  nio.st  adorned; 
♦Since  native  beauty,  form  and  conudincvis, 
And  grace,  without  the  gaudy  tlun<>-.s  (ifart, 
Were  all  her  own.     Then  her  bcdovcd  lord 
The  good  'Si-ar-nab,  forward  .-pnu)f>-,  and  ran 
"Within  the  cave.     Flinging  his  arms  anAuid 
The  lovely  i'orm,  he  clasped  her  to  his  Lrtast, 
And  kissed  hor  o'er,  and  o'er,  and  o'vv  again, 
With  the  .sweet  kiss  of  early  love  ecstatic, 
Shouting  : — Joy  to  me  now!  y.y  !  joy  !  h('i)cri;.rlli  I 
Come  to  my  heart,  my  jewel  !  t.)  mv  lu-aiL ! 
The  tidings,  so  dishonorable  to  tlioe, 
AV'hich  proved  thy  baiushmen},  and  ridncd  iiie, 
By  liends  malicious  wliisprred  in  my  ear. 
Were  false!  were  lidse!  my  Mt.o-i.i.'-ma  ^nill, 
Unspotted  as  an  angtd  is  of  light. 
And  chaste  and  pure  as  ghosts  of  vestui  virgins. 
I  have  had  sweet  revenge  lor  all  thy  wrongs! 
Thy  murderers  are  no  m(n-e  !  they  aje  cut  o+-; 
And  perished  from  the  earth,  that  trou])le  thee  ! 
The  cruel  messenger,  and  Que-la-wah  ; 
The  last  fell  by  an  arrow  from  mv  bow. 
Midst  all  my  labors  and  mv  wanderiu'^ 
^o  day  has  intervened  that  diil  n(,t  bring. 
My  Nit-o.me-ma  !  heavy  thoughts  of  tlK-e  ; 
And  thou  hast  suiiered  many  deaths  for  me. 

XLIX. 

Come  from  this  horrible,  loiiely-looking  place 
Drop  that  poor  pittance  from  thy  rosy  hand. 


■AlaSH. 


SCENES  IN  THe   WEST. 


188 


vine, 
Ijower 
adorned ; 
incss, 

(Mi   I<M-,?, 

^■,  and  viui 
•>  ;u-(,un(l 
is  l.'iTnst, 
'it  i^galn, 
.■static, 

V'  !    li('i;or[()ii|j  ! 

lu'uil ! 


And  live,  henceforth,  anew,  as  freedom  prompts ! 

For  thy  Omaint-si-ar-nah  loves  theo  still, 
Far  better  thaii  himself,  or  his  own  life  ; 
Which  he,  henceforth,  devotes  alone  to  thee! 
His  own  new  bufililo  robe  unfolding,  then, 
Which  he  had  brought  to  servo  a  purpose  kind,    - 
He  put  it  on  her,  led  her  from  the  cave. 
Hut,  O,  the  joy,  the  ra[)ture  of  that  tnectuig! 
\Vhat  pen  can  write  ?  what  burning  words  describe  t 
Like  that  of  bands  cherubic  in  mid.heaven, 
Convoking  and  conversing  sweetly  there. 


uiiicd  r.it.', 

•  •-nia  Mill, 

5tul  virgins, 
wrongs ! 
]  e  cut  oir, 
luble  thee  ! 
th; 
:.\v. 

ling, 
'  t!i!.>e  ; 
"or  me. 


ng  place 
f  hand, 


Ne'er  did  first  parents  see  more  happy  hour, 
Coneath  the  tree  of  life,  in  Eden*s  bower ; 
Nor  could  Camilla,  dressed  in  beauteous  charm, 
Refulgent,  and  arrayed  in  martial  arms  ; 
E'en  when  she  triiunphed  in  a  gioriou3  war, 
Armies  discomfited,  and  drove  before. 
For  something  in  that  meeting  there  did  seem, 
Of  which  the  world  has  but  a  fainter  gleam ; 
Of  holy,  pure,  and  heavenly  nature  quite ; 
Something  'bove  earth,  a  mutual  delight. 
Which  none  can  know,  appreciate,  or  enjoy. 
Without  the  mixture  of  more  base  alloy, 
Save  such  as  draw  their  comforts  from  above, 
Have  felt  the  all-absorbing  pang  of  love  ; 
Love  irresistible,  without  a  name. 
Holy  and  virtuous,  an  undying  flame.  . 


1^9^-^' 


124 


BLACK    HAWK,    AND    SCE>*ES    IN    THE    Wr.AT. 


This  forcst-1)rc{l,  untulorcrl  son  of  love, 
And  his  divino-protectcd  rjleiillo  Dove, 
(For  naturo,  to  her  own,  is  ever  true, 
When  we  her  calls  obey,  her  steps  pursue,) 
In  happy  love  |)assed  tlicir  remainin^j;  days, 
Beloved  by  all,  their  nation's  pride  and  praise  ; 
In  death  were  not  divided.     Side  by  side, 
They  slck(;ned,  snilered,  conjlijited,  antl  died; 
Were  both  interred,  tojjjethei-,  in  one  fjrave, 
Lamented  lon^ ;  and  Ironi  their  son  o'  the  cave, 
Kaniah,  in  whom  did  every  virtue  blend, 
la  concord  sweet,  great  lihick  J  lawk  did  descend. 


Th 


"™99i 


N  THK  \vi:.<r. 


love, 

ovc, 

no, 

I  pursue,) 

iifj  (lavti, 

I  and  praise  ; 

,  and  (liocl ; 

no  frrave, 

n  o'  I  lie  cave, 

blend, 

A'k  did  descend. 


BLACK  HAWK, 


AND 


SCExNES   IN   THE   WEST. 


CANTO    II! 


THE     ARGUMENT. 


The  Pcnnpylvanian  gives  an  account  of  the  manners  and  customs  of  the 
Indians,  and  what  injuries  they  have  sufU'red  of  the  whites  ;  together 
with  a  (lescrij)iion  of  the  causes  which  led  Black  Hawk  to  take  up  arma 
against  the  United  Slates. 

I. 

That  your  description  quaint,  admired  must  be, 
Of  this  illustrious  chieftain's  pedigree, 
Is  in  good  keeping  with  his  clicckerod  life. 
Of  combat  on  the  glorious  field  of  strife. 
Of  cares  and  conflict,  is,  to  me,  quite  clear; 
And  much  has  charmed  me,  said  the  pioneer. 
'Ti3  what  might  be  expected  from  a  man 
Of  such  celebrity  throughout  his  clan  ; 
And  <A\'os  good  omen  what  I  else  shall  hear 
Fiill  from  your  tongue,  will  please  my  earnest  ear. 
To  which,  the  Pemisylvanian  thus  replies  :— 
I  will  endeavor,  much  as  in  me  lies, 
To  give  you  farther  knowledge  of  the  race, 

11* 


120 


BtACK    HAWK,   AND 


^U 


Time  immemorial  'habited  this  place, 
Loiifr  ere  our  lUlher.s  crossed  the  briny  sea, 
To  plant  the  standard  of  their  liberty  ; 
And  wiiv  the  clarion  notes  have  sounded  storm 
Of  Indian  frontier  wars,  will  you  inform— 
And  tell  the  causes  which  cont^pired  to  raiso 
The  chief's  ambition  high  in  later  day'*, 
^Vho,  }()r  his  injured  couniry,  vainly  strove, 
And  fell  like  star  from  heaven  ;  the  will  of  Jove. 
Yet,  in  his  fall,  predestined  to  be  great, 
While  age  succeeding  age,  his  deeds  relate. 


"i'he  Indians  are  a  wild,  peculiar  race ; 

Yet  much  in  them  that's  good,  that,  should  we  follow, 

Would,  to  our  own  advantag(%  iniicli  redound  : 

Since  honest,  native  nobleness  of  soul, 

A  conduct  kind  and  generous  signalize. 

Nor  are  they  wayward,  as  so  oft  is  said, 

Blind  to  each  other's  good,  or  ill,  or  love. 

Friendship  with  them's  a  sacred  sentiment, 

l''or  which,  they'll  suller,  die  in  its  delence  ; 

Nor  yet,  so  cruel,  savage,  desperate — 

While,  in  their  social  circles,  couunon  walks 

Of  life,  in  peaceful  villages  at  home, 

In  native  harmony  of  sold  they  dwell. 

But,  when  excited,  roused  to  fell  revenov. 

For  injuries  oft  unto  their  people  done, 

'Tis  only  then  they  manifest  that  ire. 

And  acts  of  cruelty  so  reprehended. 


6CGNE8    IN   THE    WEST. 


127 


my  scai 

indcd  storm 
ilorm— 
I  to  raise 
lays, 
•  strove, 
will  of  Jove, 
cat, 
Is  relate. 


m 


ce ; 

,  should  we  follow, 

li  redound  : 

oul, 

lizo. 

said, 

r love. 

itimont, 

letence  ; 

ion  walks 


[)11. 

vcnge, 

mc. 


Be  honest  with  the  Indian,  honest,  too. 

He'll  be,  and  (aithlid,  even  to  a  fault. 

This,  by  the  man  of  peace  was  proved,  good  Penn, 

And  scaled,  by  peace,  for  threescore  years  and  ten. 

Provoke  him,  and  no  labor  is  too  prcat 

To  seek  a  f  )e.     He'll  cross  the  Rochy  Mountain, 

And  fiiiffor  death,  a  just  revenge  to  {j;ain  ; 

To  this  impelled,  l)y  what,  he  duty  deems. 

Of  his  relijj^ioiis  creed  deign  you  to  ask? 

And  what  of  his  mythol(»gy  extreme  ? 

He  has  of  Gods,  the  only  one  snpreme, 

The  world  Creator,  Rider,  Spii-it  great, 

Or  Manitoii,  the  maater-spring  of  life  ;    . 

One  great  inferior  deity,  the  de'il, 

Or  evil  .'spirit,  enemy  of  all  good. 

And  source  of  all  the  evils  him  beset. 

Pluiio-ed  deep  in  i>agan  darkness.  dovd)tful  all, 

In  which  Great  i^piril's  hands  him-^elf  shall  flill, 

Whether  the  good  or  bad,  ho  worship'^  both, 

And  olTers  sacrifice  and  supplication — 

The  evil  one,  his  anger  to  appease. 

His  mercy  show,  and  unto  wrath  set  bounds ; 

The  good,  all  needful  grace  to  supplicate, 

And  thanks  return  for  his  success  in  war, 

In  hunting,  bounteous  corn,  and  life  preserved. 

Other  interior  deities  beside, 

Guardians  o'er  persons,  places,  things  preside, 

As  he  believes,  and  pays  them  reverence  meet, 

III. 

The  soul  immortal  deems  he  ;  after  death, 
Receives  reward  or  retribution  due. 


BIACK    HAWK,    AND 

"What  this  reward  or  retribution  is, 

What  course  of  contluct  will  the  man  condemn 

Or  what  to  fiivcr  tlicrr  ertitle  him, 

Difier  thev  mrsch,  an-]  undefined  remains 

A  vague  i'!:cer!ai;.ty.     Yet  ins  opinion, 

The  gcnerour,  hc.-t,  the  kind  vam\  iiohle  sou), 

Great  hunicr,  he  wlio  cliiys  a  l;.),it  of  Iocs, 

And  wears  t!:o  hir^;e,r  li'atliers  in  ids  cnnvn, 

As  tronliies  «>f  jiis  warliice  dcoib,  will  he 

The  man  that's  favored  most  of  Deily. 

Far  on  (he  Jiorth,  a  country  desolate, 

And  cold,  and  iev — v/here  no  nt,,^^  nJ)ound:^, 

Amid  perpetual  .snows,  and  piercing  windo 

Where  barely  po3.:;ible  lif(!  to  sustain, 
Some  think  the  place  of  punishment  to  be; 
While  others,  south,  suppo.':e  it  is  in  lire. 
Inferior  animals,  too,  partake  his  heaven  ;" 
His  faithful  dog,  his  deer,  and  pjxvkliMi  iish. 
The  soul  deceased,  a  time  on  earth  remains, 
The  grave  oft  jiassing  in  and  out,  io  hear 
And  soothe  the  sorrows  of  survivim.;  f.iend=;, 
Invisible,  and  unj)erceived  bv  any  : 
But  soon  must  (ravel  hence,  a  j.iurney  lon^-, 
To  a  land  of  spirits  in  (he  f»r  sonihuesl  : 
RtHpnring  mondis,  replcle  with  (^aufr^v,  toil, 
Wild  beasts  f.-rocious,  do^s  cnr-ounterintT  oft. 
Is  forced  deep  streams  to  cros,-,  v/ifh  n»Vr  a,  bark. 
Provision'^  t(;o,  ;rro  i;;>;"'ed  fbr  tin-  w.'v  ; 


'■U=el.  an 


Hence,  liuiiii-ig  impioinen:  ■    jiint. 
Tobacco,  wl.'jkey,  are  pla 
Beside  the  dead,  his  w;iv  to  experlite. 
The  Sacs  suppose  l!:o  spirit,  on  hi  way, 


a- •('(•,  ;;i  (!,(>  ^^i-ave, 


r.i  pipe, 


SCE^'ES    IN    THE    WEST. 


120 


;ondemn, 


sou], 
niVin., 


);3 


nds — 

bn; 
p. 

ihh. 

lains, 

ir 

Mid";. 


^"S' 


toil, 

?  oft. 

I'!'  •■!  bnrk, 

'-n;i  pipe, 


O'er  a  \vide  prairie-land  obliged  to  pass. 
Like  a  blue  cloud  the  forest  seems  beyond ; 
Between  those  rolls  a  river,  rapid,  deep  ; 
Long  pole  across,  e'en  like  a  serpent's  back, 
Kept  in  continual  motion  by  the  tide. 
To  cross  upon  this  pole  the  spirit  must. 
If  to  a  person  good  it  has  belonged, 
rwill  get  o'er  safe,  and  find  its  kindred  just. 


5'r 


IV. 

Land  dressed  in  living  green,  a  pleasant  wood  ; 
Here  dwell  the  si)irits  of  the  great  and  good, 
In  everlasting  happiness  on  high  ; 
Pursue  their  own  amusements  constantly. 
Eternal  spring  strews  every  path  with  flowers, 
Of  odors  sweet,  refreshed  by  gentle  showers. 
Here,  too,  are  happy  isles,  in  beauty  dressed. 
Where  oft  the  sons  of  men  lie  down  to  rest 
In  pleasant  arbors,  overhung  with  trees, 
Fanned  by  the  zephyr's  cool  refreshing  breeze  ; 
And  purling  streams  and  lakes  where  fish  abound, 
With  plenteous  game  through  all  the  woodland  ground 
The  Indian's  iancied  heaven,  where  longs  to  be  : 
His  hopes  are  full  of  immortality. 


But  if  the  spirit  to  wicked  man  belongs, 
'Twill  fall  oft' in  the  roaring  stream,  and  be 
Swept  down  by  rapid  currents  to  the  laijd 
Of  evil  spirits,  ever  to  remain 
In  poverty,  in  wretchedness,  and  wo. 


"J^^mimffw 


m 

Ft 


% 


130" 


BLACK    UAWRf    ANU 


Such  spirits  undergo  a  change,  some  deem, 

And  turn  to  tortoise,  fish,  or  toad,  despised. 

'Mong  the  Dacotas,  died  a  young  papoose, 

Its  parents  mourned  it  as  their  only  hope. 

The  father  laid  the  affliction  to  his  heart, 

With  arrows  sharpened  wounded  oft  himself— 

Sickened,  and  lingered,  till  with  grief  l,o  died. 

But  what  was  most  remarkable,  the  bride, 

Whose  grief  was  inconsolable  before. 

Soon  as  she  saw  her  husband  was  no  more, 

Dried  up  her  tears,  a  cheerful  air  put  on, 

Of  resignation  to  the  high  bereave, 

Wliich  took  from  her  an  only  son  and  spouse. 

This  did  I  see,  the  reason  did  inquire. 

She  told  me  that  the  child  had  died  too  young. 

In  land  of  spirits  to  sustain  itself; 

That  she  and  consort  had  been  apprehensive, 

That  lone,  unhappy,  it  would  suffer  there  ; 

But  soon  as  she  did  see  its  father  go 

Unto  that  land  from  mortal  climes  afar — 

Who  loved  it  with  the  tenderest  affection. 

Good  hunter,  too,  would  well  for  it  provide. 

She  ceased  to  mourn — as  further  en  use  for  tears 

Existed  not;  since  what  she  doated  on 

Was  happy,  underneath  the  care  of  one 

That  loved  it  well ;  and  now  her  only  prayer, 

That  soon  she  might  be  called  to  join  them  there. 

The  Indians  here,  have  many  recreations. 

As  sports  and  pastimes,  feasts,  and  danchig  oft  ; 

With  music  of  the  flute,  drum,  tamborine; 


&i  1 1 


SCENES    IN    THE    WEST. 


131 


em, 

sod. 
so, 

10. 

t, 

II  self— 
c  diofl. 
Je, 

lore. 


pouse, 

young, 

nsive, 


e; 


ide, 

for  tears 


vaycr, 
loin  tliere. 


ing  oft ; 


But  singinni,  chiefly  ;  dancing,  for  amusement ; 

Somotimes  as  preparation  for  a  war — 

For  hinitiiig,  news  of  peace,  or  heroes'  prai^^e  ; 

Strangers  to  entertain,  or  please  a  guest, 

Tiie  Deity  religious  homage  pay ; 

A  solemn  ceremony — not  unlike 

The  praise  of  David,  when  before  the  Ark 

Of  God  he  danced,  and  pleaded  his  Maker  well ; 

Or  Israel  held  with  timbrel's,  organ's  sound. 

When  Deborah  triumphed  in  a  glorious  war, 

And  all  the  host  the  day  did  celebrate  ; 

Of  songs  and  dances  solemn  worship  made. 

Indians  with  feasts  accompany  all  these, 

Singing  replies  to  song,  with  these,  with  them. 

PIONEEK. 

Now,  since  you  mention  solemn  rites  resembling 
The  ancient  Israelites,  this  me  reminds, 
What  I  have  often  heard  of  this  red  race 
From  them  descending;  one  lost  tribe  of  ^racl, 
Here  wandering  to  a  country  so  remote, 
In  ancient  times  unknown.     If  this  be  true, 
That  they  were  lost  for  aye,  no  wonder,  then. 
But  'tis,  I  trow,  a  thing  of  mere  conjecture. 

I'ENNSYLVAMAN. 

Aye,  so  it  is  ;  but  yet  some  reasons  for  it, 
Quite  plausible,  and  weighty,  may  be  urged. 
A  theme  of  speculation  has  been  made  ; 


132 


BLACK    HAWK,    A-\D 


1* 


Some  learned  author-!  prying  into  it, 

Tho  vny  lact  to  prove,  ii;iv(>  nMiI(>rt;i'o 


n 


And,  jiom  the  luljors  and 


rosea  rcli  of  travellers, 


Collected  all  the  evideiieo  in  ihcir  reach. 


Ti 


le  cnstoni.^,  jnanner.s  la 


,  iawH,  ul  eillier  nation, 


-omparing,  dilioently,  each  wiih  eaci 


And, 
Concliid 


nidina-  fi  resH 


nd)l! 


ince  nof'ib.h 


e,  originally  (hey  wer 


oi!e 


)raii(!i 


Peculiar  nation  ;   this  lost  tribe  a  1 
Broken  of]!— niiica't.s  f'oni  f-rae!,  as  tiu'  J 
As  He  ;vho.se  huvs  thev  broke  did  tl 
But  il 


e\v, 


n eaten  them. 


ley,  all  I.^-ael,  mast  b 


>     0"!|  hi^VOf 


When  tlie  ap|)(>inted  time  ct'  ililiK's^  v 
And  Jew  and  'Jciiiile  sav.-d  bv 
So  .':aiiit  and  prophet  have  orojj  ! 


omes. 


•'leci'n  grace. 

K''i.'\('d, 


•ipKires  wcj!  ace 


And  so  the  sao'ed  sc 

These,  loo,  have  propluMs,  prie.-t.-,  and  chiefs  of  tribes, 

Their  yolenni  days,  their  i)atriar!dial  heads, 

Traditions  many  of  t!:>ir  a!icie!!f.  rile..-, 

And  njoio  than  i  iiere  now  have  time  ^J  (ell. 


VII. 


The  subject  of  th.e  dance's  i  rer^nme  ; 
For  wdio  the  joys  (.rd.ineing  would  presume 
To  pass  unnolicpd  by,  if  n(.i  partake  ? 
Of  these,  iho  war-dance  most  important  is. 
Account  of  (me  that  J  attended  on.ce, 
To  you  will  give.     TIk,-  village  I  was  U\ 
M'eie  all  assembled,  v/here  a  fee.st  wns  made, 
And  Indian  warriors,  piiinted  as  Ibr  battle, 
Approached  the  post  in  middle  of  (hat  rino-. 


m 


■ 


vrllors. 
atlon, 


.Jew, 
en  (!iem, 

1  i2;racc, 

* 

lii'^fs  of  tribes, 


:<-n. 


mc 


?• 


inde, 


SCENKS   IN    THE    WEST. 


133 


Or  circle  larcro,  uliore  thoy  11.0  <1anco  b.gln, 

|>v  l:vuliorino  iuv\  song  procHlcd  l:M. 
Vi'arriors  with  oner:)-  tl:«-nisolv(^-;  exort, 
^VluV  Willi  ibc  music  evrry  mr-u-n  \i"s  ; 
ThMr  w'-apons  Nviib  mvh  inry  braivb  <huig. 
Tbat  lUtal  lu^ciaents  ^ooni  on  iii'^  P^'i^^i- 
But  .oon  a  warrior  leaves  ib.  cin^e,  {.>rmea 
D,  .n.NV.l.  ..r  warrior.,  aaa  .."ctators  roiuiil ; 

^Viill  toi.uibawk  be  .mireR  tbe  .-.litre  po.t. 
The  inM.ic  e<-ases,  and  lb<0>pat  <>f(b-n'n; 

•|M^,.  .N,vy  ofins  wars  he  now  vr.:.n-x\--—       ^ 
Uis  ainvHal  .leeds  witb  b>M.l  e.MuuKinding  VMCC  ; 

I),..nb.s  bis  baiiles  Ibn^bt,  what,  i>..,..ners  made 

„i;.-ah>s  and  trophies  .bows-ivduts  t.>  b,s  vvounds. 

The;MSi.vv(>Vr<^faUbi^i>nivooN|)'^)ds 

Atleuds  bis  narrative-l!.'  mi=^^^<^  '^:^|'^ 

.M^.  ,,K-,,,e^.,  ,,.,oat,  the  swl:l  pur,  uu,  ot  (oes  , 

T1h>  b'.w,  th.  l^^l,  the  d.nb- o/th:^  crown; 
I,  all  I-  ?av-,  and  (h^-s,  a-darin;r  t;.:th. 
^^h<)uts  <>f  applause  accompany  niKrative, 
Proportioned  to  tbe  intere.4  it  exciU'^^. 
Thi^iraVor  retire-,  the  d:uice  j^ces  on, 

'r:il  intorrunted  bv  another  w:vrrior. 

\t  b«noih  a  war-worn  veteran  stvuci:  the  post  ; 

Silence  ngain  prevailed  tbrouj^hovU  tlv>  host. 

%  VIII. 

Wilb  active  limbs  be  lenped  about,  and  raised 
To  bicrb(>st  pitcb  h\.  voice,  while  be  po.-trayed 
Lnle^of  those  sanguine  scenes  in  ^vhich>be'd  acted. 

13 


jfli 


I 


1.34 


BLACK    HaWI* 


■I'  II 


f 


Ho'fl  struck  the  bodies  dead  of  man  v  men- 
All  the  red  nations  round  liim  ;  Onmwhaws, 
Osa-es,  Pawnees,  Konza.s,  Cuund  Pawiiees, 
rad(nicas,  Hacs,  letons,  and  lowas  ; 
Foxes,  Dacotas,  Bald-lieads,  and  La  Plain  ; 
Eiohf  of  one  nation,  seven  of  another, 
He'd  .truck.     AVith  his  accomit  he  was  proceeding, 
Uhen  one  ran  up  to  him,  and  put  his  hand 
Upon  his  mouth,  and  led  him  to  his  seat. 
Not  that  he'd  spoken  aught  save  truth  ah)no  ; 
For  ^^  luit  one  sailh  in  presence  of  the  warriors, 
Each  for  his  own  ^rood  name  as  prompllv  jralous, 
The  strictest  scrutiny  must  undergo  ; 
And  wanting  truth  subjects  hiiii  to  disgrace. 
And  infamy  retorted  on  his  brow. 
Nor  yet  because  they  deemed  jie'd  grown  too  vain; 
Bui  meant  the  highest  honor  to  the  brave. 
It  signified  achievcLients  glorious~he 
»So  many  could  relate,  requiring  time. 
The  rest  their  deeds  to  tell  would  find  no  room. 
JMoreo'er,  the  contrast  of  their  deeds  with  his, 
Would  put  the  younger  \Narriors  much  to  .sham«. 
jNow,  everything  made  ready,  war-songs  sung, 
The  dance  perlbrmed,  a  general  Ibast  succraJs. 
Ihey  rush  to  war— taught  from  their  inliincy 
lo  glory  in,  as  man's  chief  duty  here. 
In  just  defence  to  arm  themselves  compelled, 
From  hunting-grounds  repel  intruding  Ibes  •  ' 
lievenge  the  death  of  those  innoxious  slain'; 
Having  just  cause,  fbr  i.jjuries  unredressed, 
To  seek  a  recompense  by  force  from  men, 


BCrNKS    IN   THE    WEST. 


ces. 


nil ; 

f)i'occeding, 


Who  always  have  hecn  found  unjust  in  power, 

And  iisf  their  streujrth  to  crush  the.  feeble  down  ; 

Award  the  guilty,  suceor  the  flistressed, 

Their  countryineii  from  wicked  hands  to  wrest. 

The  highe:st  glory  of  the  Indian  race, 

And  well  secures  in  heaven  a  rcsting-placo. 


IX. 


•no  ; 
irriors, 
jealous, 

too  vain ; 


m 


room. 

Ills, 

hamo, 

eeds. 
cy 


d, 


rioNEi-.n. 

Let  me,  my  friond,  but  interrupt  you  here, 

And  speak  as  friend  to  friend,  without  a  fear ; 

About  this  wondrous  people  more  inquire, 

A  people  that  you  seem  much  to  admire  ; 

What  injuries  have  been  done  them  by  the  whites, 

And  what  to  much  dissension  so  invites  ? 

For,  you  did  hint  to  me  of  border  wars, 

And  of  their  causes  promised  some  account. 

Indeed,  I  did,  and  have  it  still  in  uund ;  ^ 

r.ut,  deeming  you  to  knowledge  more  inclined 
Of  general  nature,  and  a  wider  range, 
I  took  a  course  which  scemeth  to  you  strange ; 
Believing  it  was  one  that  you  wovdd  covet- 
But,  as  you  seem  impatient  much  to  wait, 
Till  what  I  had  designed  could  bring  about, 
To  give  the  Indian  character  at  length, 
In  all  their  various  manners,  customs,  laws, 


1J36 


BLACK    IIAMK,    AM) 


Your  f  (lid  desiro  I'll  strive  fo  .Tratifv, 
As  'lis  at  your  roqiiost  \vhat  I  relalo  ; 
And  wave  a  course  (lesi9,inii<r  to  pursue, 
AnntlKM-  take  airreoaldo  to  vou. 


X* 


To  fell  the  injuries  to  this  ])ro')1e  done, 
^^'onld  lime  n^iiiire,  and  oilier  tonoiies  than  one. 
When  lirst  the  nhite  man  Uwulcd  nn  ihi.s  soil, 
The  Indian  treated  him  with  great  respect; 
He,  to  liis  [)h'asant  country,  weh-om'-d  him, 
Gave  l:im  a  resfin<x.|,!ac(.,  aiid  fli^d  to  o;\t, 
Until  lie  i;.und  th;it  h"  was  ids  onnn^-jo". 
And  enemy  to  roll  of  Ids  riglils. 
\irginia\s  lord  received  him  in  ^reat  pomp, 
Demanding  what  upon  Ids  shoivs  he  wanted;    ' 
Made  presents  ;   learning-  tliat  he  wanl(nl  land, 
Said  he  cou'd  have  as  much  as  he  nnpurod. 

iJut,  when  no  ])oii:;(!s  couhl  .'iuli  ;|V  de  Ire, 
He  IhiUid  (lie  wliife  man  mockin^-^-  at  his  iicsf, 
"J\vas  what  he  cotdd  not  brook,  or  well  admire, 
To  yield  Ids  hind  a  unlitary  post, 
To  avari(MoU;s  rnen  intruding'  tiiere. 


\r. 


They  were  th'  agrrrossor.s,  have  it  as  they  will, 
The  worst  that's  on  their  siVh^  they  do  keep  back. 
They  gav,;  insult  the  first,  and  second,  too, 
Fired  the  first  gun  ;  deny  it,  but  'tis  so. 


SCENES    IN    THE    ^VEST. 


137 


No  lii.^toi-y  is  imj 
%Thfit  is  flif^gi-ac< 


Ii;ii1l! 


■tiiil  on  tliii^  thep.io 


)ii 


Unpoi 


i'ul  to  thomsolvos  loavi' 
lar  to  insert  on  history's  p;\go  ; 


out, 


losc,  n 


nd  thinss  oxtoiiual mo- quash, 


That  Hiow  the  Indian  v/as  a 
And  vW,  M'onl 


vplcvi^d,  hov;  mucn, 


neb, 


Iliivc'  ihi-y  li 
\jid  sold  thoni  pi 


o,d<l  prr,vol!i3  ri-ht  npm  hi-^  ^;idc. 
iot  oiVorcd  hundred  p.-nnds  per  scalp 


isoniM's  i'lto  r-l:"very 
Wost  India  Isles  to  l.^il  ont  111 


i^enl  to 

In  lands  nMsiotc  iVoni 


kindred.  (M-vintry,  llicnds? 


»!■' 


Thi: 

I'iUt  all  a-;- 


.onie  \vi!l  oNvn  iii  seeret,  some  deny; 
to  ke{M)  it.  n-ouj  the  mass. 


r,ut  all  a'j;ree  in  kv^i-  "  ■• . 

>,  not  they  nnke^vith  thorn  nvvt  solemn  covenants] 

Cop ^i rue  them  a.  they  plea.e,  and  break  at  wdn 
\nd  pnnish  them  if  they  bnt  do  the  .a.r:o  I 

.\chnit  to  hinds  they  occupy  ilieir  cann^, 

'.„^j  ,,,,.  H  from  them,  uhen  and  v.here  they  please, 

Vlheirownpri'M^?     CompoMl.MU  to  reliro, 
To  Ian  is  more  i.arren.  and  their  living  scarce  I 
Make  war  upon  them  {i.r  so>ue  trininjv  cause  ? 

Pu^  them  to  death  of  every  age  and  sect, 
And  then  proclaim  it  to  the  work!  that  they 

Arc  cruel  savages,  and  ought  to  die  J 


•- ,  m 


XTI. 


Con-r--.  -ood  ln^vs  H.r  their  relief  has  made, 
From  lime' 1o  time,  hut  took  :m  la.lh-iM^are. 

These  laws  and  treati..:  have  been  violateu, 
Bv  our  own  people,  with  impuniiy, 
From  first  to  last ;  those  specially  intended. 

12* 


BLACK    HAWK,   AND 

To  koep  our  people  from  intriulin^  on 
Their  luintiii<;.rrr()iin(Is,  or  teUliDrr  in  (heir  country, 
And  making  wholesale  killing  of  their  game. 
Th'  encroachments  of  the  outlaw  frontier  men, 
Land  speculators,  traders,  dealers  in 
Spirituous  liquors,  by  them  called  fire. water, 
Have  much  degraded  them,  and  nearly  ruined. 
Tis  to  this  class  of  j)ersons  that  we  owe 
Indian  liarharilies,  and  bor(l"r  wars. 
Kapacious  for  their  peltii(>s  and  their  lands, 
The  laws  of  gover.nment  do  trample  on. 
A  list  of  the-^e  neliirious  acts  should  we 
But  give,  'twould  bo  a  scandal  on  our  nation  ; 
Humanity  would  shudder  Jit  the  tale. 
We  sometimes  see  the  trader  take,  by  fi)rcc, 
The  products  of  a  whole  year's  htnii,  for  aught, 
Or,  pilfering  part,  while  buying  clieap  the  rest ;  • 
Oft  wresting  from  them,  when  they've  made  them  drunken, 
Furs,  of  great  value,  for  a  thing  of  jiought. 


XIII, 

Here,  all  the  good  that  missionaries  do, 

And  all  their  u^vl\\\  labors  to  instruct, 

Are  overbalanced  hy  the  weighty  fraud 

Of  swindling  miscreants.     Vain  is  it  to  hope 

A  reformation  in  this  state  of  things, 

Till  the  strong  arm  of  government  Ivoeps  out. 

From  th'  Indian  country,  all  her  lawless  rakes* 

While  these  have  range,  there  never  wil]  be  peace. 

To  nurse  a  border  war,  is  their  deliglit, 


4 


I 


SCENES    IN    THE    WEST. 


189 


the  tril»os  stir  up, 


ir  country, 
amc. 
r  inen» 

atcr, 
iiincd. 


(I., 


'» 


tion ; 


rco, 

)  rest ;  • 

\c  thcjn  drunlxen, 

It. 


And  jealousy  amonj 

Because  it  always  e 

The  Indians  from  the  lands  th'  intruders  want; 

Because  it  yields  to  blustering  n)on  in  arms. 

To  gain  a  name  for  courage  bold,  some  chance  ; 

An  Indian  foe  to  slay,  the  honor  bright. 

Hence,  do  the  frontier  njen  the  war  provoke, 

Bv  na<n-ant  acts,  and  injuries  oft  repeated ; 

\Vith  grievous  words  and  blows,  red  men  assault, 

Their'^wives  and  hurndess  children  treat  as  dogs  ; 

Till  itidignation,  to  the  uttermost, 

Is  roused,  and  calls  aloud  for  veng.nincc  meet ; 

But,  when  the  red  man  vindicates  his  right. 

By  an  appeal  to  arms,  and  slays  his  foe, 

Of  gaining  his  redress,  the  only  way, 

He's  called  a  savage,  who  in  blood  delights. 

Extenuation  none  the  case  admits, 

A  cruel  nation,  powerful  in  their  arn»s, 

A  nation  rises  to  exterminate  him. 

If  this  be  right,  then  worthy  be  the  wrong, 

Since  worst  of  evils  to  this  class  belong ; 

Call  evil  good,  all  government  confusion, 

And  say  that  anarchy  is  blest  delusion. 


lope 


out, 
'akcs ; 
be  peace. 


XXV. 

PIONEER. 


With  the  betrayed,  the  ^vr.Mlged,  the  hunted,  flecmg, 
Fast  sinking  race  of  aboriginal  «nen, 
We  sympathise.     O,  must  we  hence  reflect, 
That  they,  the  lordly  monaichs  of  their  race, 


140  BLACK    ff AWK,    AND 

Wlio  first  roamed  over  llii-i  most  jxlorions  liiiid, 
Have  so  bron  injured  Ity  iis,  \vc  llieir  jjuests  ! 
Who,  like  tho  \v;iuiii;x  moon,  or  curliiu*  smoke 
Of  llioir  own  crmneil-tircs,  an?  vanishing  ; 
Wi!l  very  soon  no  more  remembered  be, 
Save  in  trailition,  hisiory,  or  .son<j;. 
l^it  what  ocem.s  lo  me,  yoii  I  Vvill  a.-k, 
The  jitory  of  the  seven  ^^  ive.-i  ol'IMaek  Hawk. 


dt^ 


\.  >i. 


'I    \i 


if 


rENXSVLVANT W. 

The  story's  iiilr-e,  like  more  coiirerMni'j;  liirn. 

'Tis  true,  tliat  ICeokiick  had  many  wives  ; 

But  liiiek  Hawk  ne'er  had  consort,  savins^  one, 

Whom  he  devout iy  loverl.      ii"  iiscrl  to  fiw; 

Th'^  only  wifl^  lie  ha<I,  or  ev(M'  W(»iild  ; 

'i'o  h'.M"  he  was  altru-hcd  so  ardcntlv. 

A-shaw.e.(|n;(,  or  Hinjiin^  Bird,  iicr  n'imo— - 

A  prineess  of  renown,  lum  lon/r  outlived; 

Ai'.d  when  lier  penph;  v/ere  r.«L!::'iM  rvMtioved 

j'ar  wr.-t,  on  Kanf-as'  river,  tli'M-e  hlie  went  ; 

Havim,^  siM-'n  the  sun  diurnal  in  his  com- -e, 

In  vari(Hl  climes  u])on  Imm-  nntion  .-liiue. 

Complete;  almnst  a  hmidrt'd  i(  volutions 

Annual,  throu'!;h  all  tho>e  davs  :    and  lived  to  see 

Iler  children's  children's  ollsi)rinjT  nuuiorous  rise, 

And  <:^re(M  her  with  their  youufr,  athnirin;^  eyo!? ; 

Attained  the  iilory  of  all  human  pvide, 

And  eacli  rcvi-i-se,  cxperlenceu  iiil,  i-lie  died. 

XV. 

His  children  !  never  man  more  floated  on, 
Or  ever  more  sincerely  ielt  their  loss. 


"^wiai. 


SCENES    IN    TJIli    WliVr. 


141 


Ilirf  son,  jiKtt  srowi, 


to  luuiiliood,  slcUoiied,  ill 


ed 


A   tllit(M)Vi   C 


liild  to  liiiii  luul  alsvny.-i  l)Con. 


Dunl  iil.so,  tlu-u,  liis  (l(>ai'  uu<l  yuuiigi^sf.  lUui-hlor 
Chilli  ino.-'t  iiiVcctioiiut.-  una  'ml'MVsUnf?  ; 
Hard  slroki^  to  him,  hccauso  liis  cliiUUcii  lo\od. 
li,  Ids  di-'^U-oss,  tl»o  viUagi'  noise  he  l.dt 


\„d  I'liill  upon  a 


mound  a  lonely  lodge 


Did  fiMK-e  it  round,  and  planled  co:;i  and  heuns, 
.\ud  with  hi.s  {'uuily  lioiv  retired  did  live  ; 


(lavoeNer} 
A  cu 


thin-r  he  had,  for  };rief,  away, 


stoui  that  prevail  wlu'W  \<^^^  '= 


iireiit. 


d  llislivl  two  lull  years, 

Iv 


Hl'  hlacked  his  llice,  an 

For  his  two  (diildren,  diiwkiii;.!;  v.uU-r,  only, 

And  eating'  li-Ully  ol' parched  cora  at  smi^et— 

I'l.lliiled  his  vow,  and  hnped  {:;reat  Mani.uii 

Uoidd  pity  ^ko^v  to  liiin,  hi  ^  <dl>pring  spaie 

As  lo  his  nan-dering  wuuien,  heli)l 

II  is  a  fabrication  to  his  hurt; 

\v<,  that  whites  be-rau  the  war  on  hiai, 


hildrcn, 


k'sK 


;iicd  the  iirst  l>lood,  abundant  proofs  not  wauling 


rrosumptiious,  ar 


thouirb  heaven 


had  Kivea  the  right, 


lit'  iustico  of  the  Indian  cau:5e  to  wave 


.1 
15 V  Muuuiarv 


means  tliis  people  to  destroy — 


Themselves  to  lionor,  in 


their  zeal  for  v.ai 


\Vilh  savnjii'  uien,  turned  savaj^e 


themselve.''. 


J5ul  no  su(di  ri<iht  was  gr 


anted  them  from 


heaven. 


The  terms  of  peace, 


to  war,  did  not  preler. 


Nor  show  that  lenity  within  tht«ir  powe 


Such  as  Ijecame  a 


just  and 


venerons  nation. 


Hence 
A  name 


d  h 


has  this  (diief  accomplished  hi 
to  live  wdiile  others  are  extinct, 


alvaiion 


While  river?  flo^^',  or 


sun  and  moon  endures. 


K'i 


■\t 


I 


143 


BLACK    HAWK,    AND 


XVI. 


PIONEER. 

Ill  your  position,  as  to  what  you  say, 

My  friend,  about  our  people's  first  aggressions, 

In  shedding  Indian  blood  so  ruthlessly. 

You  are  mistaken,  at'ter  all,  I  deem  ; 

For  sure,  the  massaere  on  Indian  Creek, 

Before  what  you  do  here  relate,  took  place. 

PENNSYLVANIA^. 

I  own  it  did  ;  but  Black  Hawk,  nor  his  band, 
When  the  assault  was  made  (mi  Indian  Creek, 
In  all  the  mischief  there,  had  any  hand. 
By  Pottawatomics,  to  wreak  on  men 
They  hated,  some  revenge — a  treacherous  race  ! 
Sought  by  intrigue,  to  cover  their  disgrace. 
And  plunder  on  the  credit  of  Black  Hawk  ; 
And  by  their  cruel  hands  this  deed  was  done. 
And  not,  as  said,  by  Black  Hawk,  or  his  son. 


JOL 


XVII. 

Now,  I'll  go  on  to  answer  your  request, 

By  giving  you,  a  tale  succinct,  the  rest. 

Of  all  the  grievances  and  causes  which  impelled 

A  chief,  by  dint  of  rectitude  upheld, 

To  open  war  against  such  foes  that  lower, 

The  greatness  of  the  undertaking,  power  ; 

To  be  resisted,  all  his  martial  tire, 


SCENES    IN    THE    WEST. 


143 


ms. 


k1, 


ra(3e  ! 


0, 
111. 


Jelled 


In  all  preceding  wars,  as  each  conspire 
To  make  hlin  great,  and  to  exalt  his  name 
Above  his  iellows,  in  the  Held  of  llvmo. 


XVIII. 

When  nineteenth  century  ushered  in  its  morn 

Its  march  of  time  began,  ere  Pike  ascended 

The  Mississippi's  stream  nr  valley  broad; 

A  Sac  a  wiglit  had  slain,  and  was  confined 

In  prison,  at  St.  Louis,  for  the  olience. 

The  nation  held  a  council  in  the  village, 

To  plan  a  way  to  purcha.-ic  his  redein[)li(;n. 

Clothed  wlih  authority,  five  chiefs  they  sent, 

To  sec  the  Indiiin  agent  at  St.  Louis  ; 

To  have  their  friend  released,  i]o  all  tliey  could, 

By  paying  for  the  person  they  had  killed. 

This  was  the  only  means  they  knew,  to  save 

One  who  had  killed  another  'mong  themselves, 

And  thought  among  the  whites  it  was  the  same. 

The  chieftains  started  with  a  nation's  hopes  ; 

Relations  of  the  prisoner  lAacked  their  faces, 

Fasted,  and  hoped  Great  Spirit  would  take  pity 

Oil  them  ;  restore  a  husband  and  a  father. 

Long  time  they  stayed  ;  at  length  returned,  encamped 

Far  otK  as  though  ashamed  of  what  they'd  done. 

Dressed  in  fine  coats  appeared,  and  medals  wore. 

All  their  lands  cast  of  Mississippi  lying, 

IJy  the  Wisconsin  bounded  on  the  north, 

And  on  the  east  Fox  River,  part  of  Rock, 

Extending  southerly  to  Des  Moines'  mouth, 


r 
liji 


ii 


ii  •■( 


144  BLACK   HAWK  J   A.ND 

A  tract  incliidin.'?  jri^iiy  miiiions  aciCLi;, 
The  foul.s  luid  sold  lor  tliousiind  dollar:^!  a  y^^'^y, 
Piico  tneix'lv  Doiniiial,  Ht  so  mtich  lit  nd, 
Drunken  till  the  tiiUL'  Ijeeu  ^i  i.e.     '»'i:cir  t^torr  wa^?  :- 
Tiu'}'  mot  their  Anu-rlcim  fatluT  ii'.  -  ..  J.j.nds, 
'iV'Id  him  thov  cani(?  to  l;uv  iheir  iVioiiii  ,-.  u-Icase. 
lie  told  them,  in  rctmn,  ho  vraiiK-tl  laiid, 
And  they  hud  there  af,!;re;  d  fo  gi\e  liim  :•;;::.;'  ; 
Tiiat  when  the  husines-s  ^\a:■!  a;Tan,';,-,-J,  ih-'V  ihiiught 
'i'o  see  their  Irieinl  i\cc  to  letm-n  wi'li  i!i.  ui  : 
liiit,  when  tliey  started,  he  ^^•a.:  h't  ;;>.:;i  [ai^ow, 
A  little  way  did  run,  and  was  Kuot  ci-v.,.  ;  v 

And  this  was  Jill  they  !;ne\v  of  wiiai  w  a<  dono, 
'i'heir  t;|jijits  had  Ijcen  steeped  in  Han;.-  ri'  rum. 

XIX, 

Thiri  treaty  may  he  called  l)one  of  co;i(;-nti(;n, 
As  it  has  been  the  cause  ot"  inn(di  (ii  ^-i'a^i  n  : 
lilaciv  Hawk  thereat  was  much  (iis.iaii.-i".- ' ; 
'i'o  brook  Jbueh  things  had  too  niu(di  na!!\e  p:iJo. 

I'loxx^nii. 

Now,  since  sue]}  Itaso  intemperance  biin<i-=:  to  niind 
A  question  I  would  ask,  and  ho{)e  to  fii.d 
Answered  to  Black  Hawk's  credit,      ^\  as  he  n^t 
Intemperate,  also,  as  tla.'  common  lot  / 
Iiaj)py,  thrice  happy  siiouki  i  be  to  lind 
Exception,  noble,  ot'  so  great  a  niind. 

rL'XXSVLVAXIAX. 

And  I  as  tnuch  to  tell  you,  that  you  have,  it 

111  him*  Black  Hawk.     He  was  a  pru  lent  man 


SCli.NIid    Ix\    'i'Hii    WE5T. 


145 


jCi-vr, 


storr  Nva^  ;«— 


It'lcilSC 


-'V  ihiJUght 


clones, 
i'  luin. 


tioii, 
i  a  ; 


I'  jjiUO. 


tc.  niii'ni 


'  he  lui 


a 
t  man 


And,  o'er  his  appetites,  had  just  control: 

He  was  rum's  cuemy,  becauso  he  saw 

The  evil  on  his  nation  it  had  lirouj^ht. 

Congress,  in  violation  of  their  treaty, 

Permitted  numerous  traders  to  locate ; 

In  rushed  a  band  of  lawless  desperadoes 

Into  his  country,  venders  all  of  spirits  ; 

For  which,  the  Indians'  wealth  they  did  obtain, 

Their  meat  and  peltries,  much  impoverished  them; 

Became  the  cause  of  much  contention,  strife, 

Promoted  frauds,  anci  crimes,  endangering  life, 

And  brought  the  Indians  to  untimely  graves. 

This,  Black  Hawk  saw,  contiMided  much  against, 

It  made  them,  towards  the  whites,  to  vengeance  prone. 

He  went  all  round  to  each  such  vender,  told 

The  latal  consequences  of  their  course, 

And  met  abuse,  derision,  and  contempt. 

He  feared  aggressions  on  them  would  redound. 
Which,  to  prevent,  on  one  occasion,  meet, 
Head  of  a  whiskey.barrel  stove  he  in, 
Before  the  eyes  of  one  who  would  persist, 
In  violation  of  the  laws,  to  vend. 
For  this,  and  other  acts  of  justice  done, 
The  governor  did  declare  the  State  invaded; 
For,  so  he  had  been  told,  a  dreadful  tale, 
By  frontier  settlers,  of  the  baser  kind, 
\Vho  unto  all  injustice  could  resort. 
Or  any  means  to  force  or  drive  them  thence  ; 
By  proclamation,  called  militia  out. 
And  marshalled  hastily  (Ijr  the  frontier  war. 
The  whiskey.venders  to  sustain,  against 

13 


146 


BLACK    HAWK 


t   ^». 


2ilt 


The  Letter  claims  of  one  inagnauiuious  chief; 

Resulting  in  his  final  overthrow, 

And  swift  tlestnictioii  ol'  the  greater  j'Uit. 

XX. 

That  they  no  compensation  aJeqnate, 

For  such  a  large  and  beauteous  country,  gave— 

Five  hundred  miles  in  length,  along  the  vale 

Of  that  majestic  river  lying  liiir— 

By  single  case  in  point,  is  IliUy  proved. 

In  purchase  made  of  Pottawatomies, 

Full  sixteen  thousand  a  year  to  them  they  gave, 

Annuity  forever  to  be  j)aid, 

For  one  small  tract  of  land,  Clucag!»  near ; 

While,  to  the  Sacs  and  Renolds,  but  one  thousand 

A  year,  for  tract  full  twenty  ♦i.iies  as  large  ; 

Which  proves,  by  their  own  estimate,  the  worth 

Three  hundred  times  above  what  they  did  give. 

XXI. 

Near  by  the  place,  and  dwelling  of  the  ciut-li 

The  soul  of  all  my  song,  now  came  ihere  up 

A  band  of  soldiers,  landing  on  Rock  Isle, 

In  hostile  mood,  Fort  Armstrong  'gun  to  build, 

III  time  of  peace,  preparing  Ibr  a  war, 

They  knew  (heir  own  encroachments  would  briijg  uiu 

They  took  possession  of  the  pleasant  isle, 

The  garden  horticultural  of  the  tribe, 

VVhere  dwelt  a  spirit  white,  in  cave  beiieaiU 


SCENES  IN  THE   WEST. 


147 


f; 


ire- 


itisand 

orth 
ive. 


»; 


The  rock  whereon  the  fort  was  built,  and  whence, 

With  all  their  noise,  they  trightened  hitn  away— 

The  oft  resort,  in  early  life's  retreat, 

Of  Black  flawk,  and  his  people  young,  to  fish, 

And  gather  berries  wild,  and  native  apples. 

Jjist  on  a  point,  where  Mississippi  meets, 

And  mingles  with  the  Rock  its  rapid  wave, 

Stood  the  Sac  village,  at  the  rapid's  foot. 

In  front,  a  prairie  lined  the  river  bank  ; 

A  bluff  ascending  from  it  in  the  rear, 

IJut  not  so  steep  as  those  we  fancy  cfl ; 

Upon  its  side,  the  cultivated  fields. 

With  lands,  not  so  improved,  a  distance  round, 

Long  used  for  pasturing  steeds,  with  blue  grass  clyihed. 

A  hundred  years  here  had  the  village  stood, 

The  undisputed  mistress  of  the  valley, 

Tlie  ntunerous  islands  round,  dark  forests  clothe— 

The  rivers  harmonize  in  their  conjunction. 

Rock,  with  its  rippling  streams,  appears  to  sight 

The  fair,  surrounding  country's  gentle  slope, 

As  gradually  unto  these  rivers  sinks, 

Delightful  spot  to  render  this  conspire. 


Id. 


iniug  on. 


XXII. 

And  now,  they  Black  Hawk  told  to  leave  his  village, 

And  cross  the  Mississippi  to  a  site 

On  the  Iowa,  build  a  distant  city  ; 

They  wanted  his,  and  he  must  build  another, 

And  yield,  to  stronger  men,  his  rightful  claim  ; 

As  he  who  had,  of  flocks,  a  multitude,  ' 


'■I 

I 


us 


DLACii   HAWK, 


AM> 


Did  take,  for  food,  the  poor  jnan*s  only  lamb  ; 
Who,  for  the  needy  earth,  Ml  no  re(j;ai(l. 
He  did  reniDnstrate  with  all  men  of  power — 
What  live  man  would  not,  having  sense,  so  done? 
They  told  him  he  his  heritage  had  sold  ; 
lie  said  he  had  not  sold  it,  or  his  village ; 
Nor  had  his  chiefs  agreed,  in  any  treaty, 
To  yield  the  same,  est(HMning  it  reserved  ; 
That  he  should  never  give  it  up  in  life. 
Meantime,  the  leaders  of  th'  inglorious  :5trilb 
Set  fire  to  forty  lodges — burning  down 
No  portion  small  of  this  his  ancient  town. 

•  XXIII. 

During  the  time  that  Boreas'  chilling  blast 
Swept  o'er  the  strand,  and  icy  winter  reignf^l, 
And  ere  the  gentle  spring  its  power  obtained, 
While  Black  Hawk,  gone  out  on  his  winter's  hunt, 
Several  white  families  had  possessed  his  village — 
Broke  up  tho  lodges,  and  began  to  fence 
His  corn-lots  into  well-assoited  lields, 
Much  to  their  faney,  fitting  for  the  jdough  ; 
About  their  subdivisions  sharp  contending. 
When  this  he  heard,  returning  home,  he  found 
The  tidings  verified,  in  all  he  saw ; 
And,  what  humanity  should  blush  to  name, 
To  his  own  cabin,  tenants  had  laid  claim. 

XXIV. 

Went  to  Fort  Armstrong  and  complained  ;  then  crossed 
The  Mississippi,  to  converso  with  agents. 


B<  KNK»   IN   THK   WKST. 


149 


b; 


done? 


Ilabokieshiek,  the  prophet,  priest,  and  sage,, 
A  man  whom  Winnebafroos  all  revero  ; 
His  counsels  held  in  hi<^li  repute  by  Sacs— 
And  tluis,  with  solemn  weighty  word.-;,  ho  ssiko  : 
Black  Hawk,  do  not  thysell'  remove,  or  bati  I 
But  (juietly  reside  upon  thy  laud  ; 
Within  thy  village  peacefully  remain, 
And  j)lant,  and  sow,  and  reap  the  fields  o^rain. 
Whites,  though  they  threaten,  w  ill  not  trdblc  you ; 
Thy  women  till,  thy  men  the  chase  purse : 
They  dare  not ;  for  they  must  obey  the  iws, 
And  cannot  harm  thee  well  without  a  case. 


'  'I 


ued, 

ed, 

•r's  hunt, 

iliage— 


ound 


;  then  crossed 


XXV. 

In  his  appeal  to  Indian  agents  failing, 
Chief  magistrate  of  Illinois  he  sought, 
And  for  his  t)eople  urged  a  duo  redre* 
Of  what  indignities  upon  himself 
Had  oft  been  visited — his  being  beati 
By  whites  most  cruelly,  for  charges  tee  ; 
Waylaid,  and  overpowered  while  humg  game, 
When  club-law  ruled,  as  since  o'er  ^rmon  ground. 
He  pointed  to  black  mark  upon  his  fie, 
And  said  he  wore  it,  symbol  of  disgrc. 
The  customs  of  his  nation  still  requiil 
The  wrong  he'd  thus  received  shouloe  revenged. 
But  he  chose  rather  to  submit  in  pee, 
Than  to  involve  his  nation  in  a  wa 
As  sure  would  follow,  should  an  Inin  kill. 
Or  oven  strike,  a  white  man.     Tliaggression     , 

13* 


Up 


S'5 


1    « 


I    i 


.  I' 


u'      i'j  r 


1 


150  BLACK    HAWK,    AND 

A  hundnd-fold  would  bo  cxaggfrntetl, 

Exciting U)  the  war  the  whole  iVoutior, 

And  Indiins  would  be  hunted  like  wild  beasts. 

The  whit^  men  have  our  growing  com  destroyed— 

Ploughed  ip  our  fields,  our  women,  children  beat ; 

And  to  rcist  these  wrongs  wo  are  afraid. 

The  Indias  are  invading  us,  they'd  say, 

And  soon  c^stroying  armies  would  be  sent,  , 

The  govcri»r  made  reply  :    Why  do  you  not 

Unto  the  prsident  make  tiiesc  things  known  ? 

A  ruler  wistand  good,  and  will  protect  you. 

*»  Our  fathers  too  far  oft"  our  voice  to  hear,'*  said  Black 

Haw. 
But  you  a  lei%r  unto  him  could  send. 
"  I  could  ;  buwhitc  men  will  write  too,  and  say, 
We,  his  red  cldrcn,  lie  ;  and  so  'twould  end." 
And  thus,  amciv  the  lawless  dwellers  there. 
This  state  of  tligs  for  seven  long  years  went  on  ; 
Dm-ing  which  \ie  no  white  man  did  they  kill, 
Still  quiet  sleptbe  vengeful  tomahawk. 
A  savage  racef  men,  can  such  be  called, 
Who  such  forUrance  well  can  exercise  ? 
Black  Hawk,  he  had  been  for  war  inclined, 
The  way  of  pee  and  justice  had  not  chosen, 
And  sought  reess  by  every  moral  means. 
He  might  havelain,  with  ease,  all  settlers  round, 
Ere  Gaines  hatime  t'  ascend  the  Mississippi, 
Or  any  force  apoached  to  succor  them. 
Hence,  is  his  clracter  from  guilt  r«Hlcemcd, 
By  noble  virtuesuling  in  his  breast, 
Where  love  of  C(iitry,  kindred,  people  reigned, 
And  for  great  Mt^tou  peculiar  reverence. 


v.r3ra. 


•CENRs  IN  THi:  wesT. 


151 


la, 

oyed— 

beat; 


'*  said  Black 


say, 


It  on ; 

ill, 


I, 
I, 

ound, 


XXVI. 


PIONEER. 


So,  it  appears,  admitting  that  the  treaty 
Was  just  and  binding,  at  St.  Louis  made, 
That  all  this  time  of  grievances  described, 
The  Indians  to  the  soil  had  perfect  right ; 
The  claims  of  those  intruders,  all  assumed. 

PENXSYLVAMAX, 

Most  certainly,  this  was,  indeed,  the  case. 

In  treaty  of  St,  Louis,  'twas  agreed, 

Long  as  the  government's  land  remained  unsold 

To  individuals.  Black  Hawk  and  his  band 

Should  ne'er  be  dispossessed,  but  live  and  hunt 

Upon  the  land,  as  though  it  was  their  own. 

Therefore,  the  readiest  method  to  evade 

The  contract  made,  and  drive  the  Indians  out, 

Was,  for  the  president  to  proclaim  a  sale, 

And  vend  the  favorite  village  of  the  Sacs, 

Lands  that  were  coveted  above  the  rest. 

Pursuant  thereunto,  the  thing  was  done, 

And  Hlack  Hawk,  and  his  tribe,  forthwith  away, 

Ordered  to  leave  the  village  ;  and,  yet  more, 

To  cross  to  Mississippi's  western  shore. 


;;| 


•fc 


1 1  >i 

.  ilij 


' ;! 


ted, 


PIOiVEER. 


Yet,  even  then,  they  had  a  right  to  stay 
On  all  those  millions  acres  round  them  lay. 


t,i: 


sasB 


152  HLACK    HAWK)   AND 

That  Congress  had  not  sold.    Why  then  require 
That  they  should,  from  tlirir  cottntry,  so  rt'tire, 
Which  they  had  still  a  right  to  occupy, 
The  lands,  for  fifty  miles  around,  that  lie  ? 
Since  you  have  -said  the  frontier  settlements 
Were  distant  fifty  miles,  a  breadth  intense. 


PENNSVLVANIAX. 

The  case  doth  need  a  little  explanation, 

I  find.     I  meant,  that  no  cmboflied  part 

Of  Illinois'  great  border  farther  reached 

Than  miles  two-score  and  ten,  from  river  Rock. 

Hovvbeit,  some  settlements,  a  distance  great, 

At  mouth  of  Rock,  were  made,  detached  from  others, 

And  at  Galena,  wondrous  mart  of  lead. 

As  for  requiring  them  to  cross  the  river, 

The  only  reason  for  it,  that  I  know, 

Is  what  before  Fve  stated,  they  did  want 

Their  lands,  and,  for  their  lands,  would  them  expel. 

But  Black  Hawk  would  not  go ;  hence  the  strong  aim 

Of  States  United,  n'as  again-st  him  raised— 

An  army,  far  too  great  for  hlui  to  meet, 

Was  set,  in  dread  array  of  battle,  near, 

Just  coming  down  upon  him,  forced  him  o'er 

To  the  west  side  of  Mississippi's  .shore, 

Where  he,  with  all  his  people,  camped  in  tents — 

For  his  protection,  raised  a  flag  of  truce. 


XXVII. 


Here,  to  disturb  their  peace,  new  troubles  rose. 
Had  been  expelled  from  fields  which  they  had  sown. 


ire 


I 


ftCKNKiJ   IS    Tin:    MTST. 


158 


k. 
others, 


expel, 
rong  aim 


I  sown, 


And  where  stood  high  and  lliir  their  growing  corn, 
At  time  too  late  to  plant  a  second  time. 

A^out  the  time  of  harvest  and  green  corn, 

To  feel  the  (-fleets  of  what  they'd  lost,  began  ; 

The  women  crossed  unto  the  liekls  they'd  planted 

To  gather  corn,  they  hell  to  hv.  their  own  ; 

Were  by  the  whites  shot  at,  and  driven  away, 

Empty,  and  destitute  as  when  they  came. 

Meanwhile,  a  hand  of  lenolds,  to  revenge 

The  murders  that  Mencminecs  had  done, 

Unto  their  people,  wen  to  Prairie  du  Chlen, 

And,  falling  on  them,  fiew  a  score  and  eight. 

It  was  demanded,  lleiplds,  this  had  done, 

Should  he  surrenderee  up,  tried  by  our  law?. 

To  interfere  in  a  dcjuTstic  quarrel, 
Between  two  nations  and  for  us  to  judge, 
And  punish  them  for  icts  done  to  each  other, 
Is  not  our  business,  :oth  not  well  accord ; 
Is  too  much  like  theby-gone  days,  when  we 
Were  forced  to  senc  our  countrymen  o'er  sea, 

There  to  be  tried  {a  things  that  here  were  done, 

By  strangers,  who  vere  foreign  to  the  case ; 

Whl'c  a  strong  arn  made  justice  too  severe. 

»Ttv'a.s  wrong,  Bla^k  Hawk  maintained,  and  would  not 

y««ld. 
Another  cause,  wis  this,  of  discontent ; 
He  was  indignant  at  their  sanguine  way 
Of  doing  summav  justice  to  the  tribes. 
He,  of  tlieir  right  or  wrong,  knew  not  their  standard. 
And,  whether  thej  had  any,  seemed  to  doubt : 
Deeming,  a  wondous  quaint  one,  it  must  be,  ^ 

That  measured  jtiitice  in  the  scale  of  power. 


mmiSm 


I 


i 


X54  BLACK    HAWK,    AND 

Wabol:iPsliiel<,  the  prophet,  guulo,  and  pfigo, 
On  national  alUiirs,  went  to  consult 
The  chiefs  of  several  trihes  he  goes  to  sec, 
Who  sympathize,  to  grant  their  aid  agree. 

Sends  Neopope,  his  second  in  command, 

Upon  a  message  to  a  distait  land  ; 

To  Maiden,  to  consult  his  Iritisii  father, 

Whether  they  could  retain, in  his  opinion. 

Their  village,  which,  by  wHtc  men,  ne'er  was  hought. 

His  British  father  told  him  le  could  hold  it, 

Against  all  claims,  if  he  hai  never  sold  it. 

XXVIIl 

On  his  return,  the  prophet  caled  to  see, 

Who  to  him  said  : — ^^  hen  jojul  spring  conies  round,. 

The  British  forces  will  be  on  he  ground. 

The  Pottawatamies,  and  Winnjljugoes, 

And  Chippeways,  to  render  yo  assistance, 

Your  village  to  regain,  and  lan's  around ; 

And  promised  what  of  aid  wasin  his  power, 

Deliverance  joyful,  in  a  graciou  hour. 

Black  Hawk  his  force  augment:;  daily  recruits, 

From  villages  around,  unto  himdock. 

Solicits  oft,  for  aid,  the  Watchfu.  Fox, 

Who,  with  his  band,  rejects  the  .verture. 

PIOMEER. 

There  is  a  point,  beyond  which,  if  mei.  go, 
Submission  ceases  to  remain  a  vrtuo. 


Rt'ENES    IN    THIS    ^VF.ST. 


155 


4 


If  what  you  licrc  relate,  tho  half  bo  true, 
This  cliiof,  to  go  to  war,  luul  amith'  cause. 


TENNSYLVAMAN. 

It  is  most  true  !  and  f()r  it  I  will  vouch  ; 
Having  heard  much  myself,  and  seen  still  more. 
Good  cause  !  as  good  as  ever  warrior  drew 
A  sword  to  aid,  oppression's  cheek  to  tinge, 
And  set  at  liberty  a  captive  soid. 


;i1 

i    iHj 

s 

'^ 

1 

'•1 

"'■I 

- 

% 


i 


'1  :n 


♦ 


if 


Th 


BLACK  HAWK 


AND 


SCENES   IN   THE  WEST. 


CANTO    IV. 


I P, 


THE     A  R  G  U  M  E  N  T. 

The  armies  predicted  and  predestined  by  fate,  come  forcibly  into  the  land 
of  Nit-o-me-rna  and  Omaint-si-ar-nah-The  Sacs  and  Foxes,  under  the 
command  of  their  celebrated  chieftain,  Blnrk  Hawk,  make  a  formidable 
re«i«tance— Three  families  are  massacred  upon  the  frontiers— Several 
Bkirnii^hes  and  battles  are  fought  between  small  detachments  of  the  con- 
tenJinLvarmies-The  intrepidity  of  General  Dodge-The  speech  and  re- 
treat  of  Black  Hawk— Description  of  the  country  over  which  this  retreat 
16  conducted— Battle  of  Wisconsin— A  farther  description  of  scenes  in 
the  West. 


Now,  in  process  of  time,  it  came  to  pass, 

Long  after  many  generations  gone. 

The  armies,  predestined  by  sovereign  fate, 

Into  the  land  of  Omaint-si-ar-nah, 

And  Nit-o-me-ma,  forcibly  did  come. 

For  white  men,  through  their  agents  long  had  sought, 

To  gain  possession  of  this  goodly  land  ; 

It  being  a  part  of  that  great  river's  valley, 

14* 


'I 

li 


ii' 


flit 


ir>9 


BLACK    HAWK,    AM> 


Known  as  Wisconsin  State  and  Illinois. 

And  what  by  subtlety,  and  what  by  threats, 

And  long  persuasion,  they  at  length  succeeded 

In  gaining  from  the  Sacs  and  Ilenolds,  their 

Reluctant  resignation  of  all  lands 

East  of  great  father  of  the  waters  lying. 

The  whites  possession  took,  cut  down  the  forests, 

Broke  up  the  fallow^-ground,  excepting  none, 

Not  e'en  the  burying-places  of  their  people, 

Nor  bones  of  their  forefathers,  sacred  held. 

They  roared  up  altars,  temples  dedicated 

To  other  gods  the  Indians  did  not  know, 

Or  had  ideas  but  faint,  and  shadowy,  vain  ; 

Changed  times  and  customs,  introducing  laws, 

And  usages  much  prejudicial  to 

The  welfare  of  confederate  Renolds,  Sacs  ; 

Curtailed  their  hunting-grounds,  and  ruined  them  : 

Removed  their  ancient  landmarks,  blocked  up  rivers, 

And  drove  away  the  fish,  their  game  destroyed, 

Which  the  Great  Spirit  placed  upon  the  earth, 

Especially  fin-  the  Indian's  benefit. 

Fire-water,  also,  'mong  them  introduced, 

Which  soon  destroyed  their  reason  and  their  lives, 

And  thousands  brought  to  an  untimely  end. 

These  things  they  did  before  the  Indian  title 

Became  extinct,  and  while  they  yet  retained 

Sole  right  of  occupancy  in  themselves  ; 

And  while  they  added  crime  to  crime,  the  thief 

Cried  loudest  of  them  all,  stop  thief!  stop  thief! 

Against  the  Indians,  charging  them  with  guilt, 

As  Pot'phar's  wife  'gainst  Joseph  raised  her  voice. 


6CENE3    IN   THR   WEST. 


159 


They  flrovo  tliem  out  l)cyoncl  the  Mississippi, 
Strange  lauds  to  occupy,  lemoto  still  more  ; 
A  country  no  such  hunting-grounds  possessing, 
And  fishing  privileges— where  their  game  was  scarce, 
Where  they  could  gain  but  miserable  subsistence. 

m 

The  Sac3  and  Foxes  bitterly  repented 
That  they  had  ever  given  their  consent, 
Ilowe'er  reluctant,  to  renounce  their  right 
Unto  this  happy  land  ;  or,  thot  they  ever, 
On  any  terms,  consented  thereunto  ; 
And  under  their  great  chief  in  arms,  Black  Hawk, 
From  Gentle  Dove  a  lineal  descendant, 
Resolved  they  would  return  unto  their  land, 
Even  the  goodly  land  their  lathers  gave. 
And  fight  for  it,  with  muskets,  bows  and  arrows, 
And  with  their  tomahawks,  unto  the  last ; 
And  so  defending,  spill  their  own  heart's  blood. 
So,  under  guidance  and  command  of  him, 
This  celebrated  chieftain,  they  recrossed 
The  Mississippi,  Rock  ascending  up, 
And  took  possession  of  their  native  soil. 
But  when  the  great  Sanhedrim  of  the  whites 
Did  hear  thereof,  they  straightway  called  a  council- 
Deliberated  what  course  to  pursue. 
What  I'ling  they  best  should  do  unto  these  men. 
They  studied  the  great  balance,  odds  of  power 
Between  them  and  this  people— overlooked 
By  Sacs  and  Foxes  struggling  for  their  rights, 


il 


rtil 


^H^ismsssms 


160  BLACK    HAWK,  AM) 

By  placing  all  at  hazard,  in  one  effort 
Most  desperate,  to  regain  what  they  had  lost. 
Finding  that  they  had  everything  to  hope, 
From  their  unequalled  strength,  and  least  to  fear 
From  the  poor  Indian's  weak  and  puny  arm, 
They  were  not  long  in  making  a  decision ; 
Resolved,  at  once,  to  dispossess  them  quite, 
Without  a  ceremoni:.!,  farther  treaty. 
And  forcibly  destroy,  or  drive  them  thence. 
Pursuant  to  this  resolution  made, 
And  for  the  execution  of  this  purpose. 
The  nation's  chief  did  order  Atkinson, 
With  an  army,  to  ascend  the  Mississippi. 


III. 

His  military  post  at  Old  Point  Comfort, 
Where  Chesapeake  presents  his  winding  bay, 
Left  General  Scott,  with  all  his  regular  troops, 
And  New  York  volunteers  ;  ascending  up 
The  chain  of  northern  lakes,  by  Mackina. 
On  their  way  up,  the  volunteers,  and  others. 
Sickened,  and  died  in  numbers  at  Fort  Gratiot ; 
The  rest  became  disheartened,  and  returned. 
The  regular  troops  went  on,  and  on  their  way, 
Many  were  launched  into  a  watery  tomb. 
Sailed  up  Lake  Michigan,  unto  its  head  ; 
Passed  the  twin  cities,  Southport  and  Racine, 
AVhich  vie  in  beauty,  business,  commerce,  wealth, 
Insomuch,  that  as  yet  'tis  all  unknown 
Whether  the  one  will  have  more  rapid  growth, 


SCENEB  IX  THE   WKaT. 


V 


I 


And  o'er  the  other  gain  ascoiicbncy ; 
Or,  both  go  band  in  band  U»jzetb(?r  on, 
And  prosperous  prove  niike,  a  bappy  pair. 
The  gen(M-al  at  Chicago  lands  bis  troops, 
Where  now  is  seen  a  band.ovne,  well-built  city, 
Which  then  contained  a  population  small, 
Lake  navigation  lying  at  the  bead  ; 
Head  of  canal,  in  prospect  of  completion, 
To  join  the  lake  with  Illinois'  free  waters. 
Here,  must  a  place  of  great  importance  rise  ; 
»Tis  much  the  largest,  most  commercial  town 
In  Illinois ;  with  such  a  rapid  growth  ; 
And  largest  on  this  lake  will  ever  be,^ 
Unless  Milwaukee,  city  more  hydraulic, 
By  any  means  be  ablo  to  transcend  it. 
Each,  ever,  owing  to  its  situation, 
Its  rapid  course  will  bold,  continue  still 
To  be  the  largest  in  its  State  respective. 
Acniia  the  cholera's  pestilential  breath, 
Disease  of  mortal  kind,  inllicting  death  ; 
First  breaking  out  in  cities  Asiatic, 
A.ul  far  remote,  bad  overspread  the  earth 
With  devastation— heaped  it  with  the  dead, 
Fell  on  them  here,  and  many  soldiers  died. 
The  general,  with  bis  few  surviving  troops, 
After\e'd  been  detained  a  buuir  month, 
The  people  here  a  refuge  having  found 
Within  the  fort,  took  up  his  line  of  march,       ^ 
Journeyed  a  northwest  course,  to  form  a  junction 
With  General  Atkinson's  superior  army. 

14* 


1.1  }i,? 


I     i 


1      I'    1     ! 


'i"',l 


162 


BLACK   HAWK,   A^O 


IV, 

Of  Black  Hawk  and  his  tbllowors,  'twas  demanded 

They  shoukl  surrender  up  into  the  hands 

Of  General  Atkinson,  as  murderers, 

All  persons  of  their  nation,  who  engaged 

In  conllict  at  Fort  Crawford,  Prairie  du  Chien, 

Where  twcnty.eight  Menominecs  had  been  slain  ; 

That  they  should  straight  evacuate  the  soil, 

The  Mississippi  instantly  recross  ; 

Demands,  of  course,  that  neither  met  regard, 

Or  least  compliance  on  the  Indian's  part. 

So  the  belligerents,  each,  prepared  to  test 

The  rightful  occupation  of  that  soil, 

Disputed  thus,  by  an  appeal  to  arms. 

Black  liawk  was  now  ascending  up  Rock  river, 

And  on  the  way  to  the  Prophet's  town,  above  ; 

With  him,  his  troops  ;  wdien  he  was  overtaken 

By  an  express  from  General  Atkinson, 

Fort  Armstrong;  ordering  him  to  change  his  course, 

Return,  and  straight  recross  the  Mississippi, 

Which  lie  refused  t'  obey  upon  the  ground 

The  general  had  no  right  to  make  such  order. 

He  on  his  own  ground  stood,  by  treaty  privileged, 

Was  going,  in  peace,  unto  the  Prophet's  town, 

To  raise  a  crop  of  corn  at  his  request. 

In  Anno  Domini,  eighteen  thirty-two, 

Soon  as  had  made  her  bright  appearance  there, 

The  ever-welcomc,  smiling  Queen  of  May, 

About  the  woods  and  plains  of  Pick-e.ton-ic*, 

Put  on  her  robe  of  greenest  liue,  the  birds. 


; 


BCENE9    IN    TIIR    WHST. 


163 


ded 


Arrayed  iu  plumes  of  beauty,  warbling  songs, 
Rejoicing  round  her  with  ecstatic  strain, 
A  great  collision  of  the  hosts  took  place, 
And  river  Rock,  th'  adjacent  country  round, 
Became  the  scene  of  terror,  havoc,  blood. 


n; 


3urse, 


^d, 


The  settlers  of  this  region  had,  already, 

Laid  out  their  gardens,  walks,  and  pleasure-grounds, 

Planted  their  esculent  roots,  their  early  corn, 

Yellow,  and  sowed  their  fields  with  seed,  spring  wheat, 

Their  garden  vegetables,  various  seeds, 

CoiTimitted  to  the  bosom  of  the  earth. 

The  plants  had  just  sprung  up,  and  fields  assumed 

A  green  appearance,  when  the  tidings  fell, 

Of  war,  like  unto  mighty  avalanche, 

tipon  the  thinly-scattered  population 

Of  that  whole  region  of  the  country  round. 

VI. 

The  Pottawatomies  had  made  assault 

On  Indian  Creek,  near  to  the  Big  Woods,  lying 

On  both  sides  of  the  gentle,  south.flowing  Fox, 

Rivulet  long  and  straight,  meandering  through 

A  part  of  Illinois  and  South  Wisconsi.j, 

Where  little  cities  all  along  its  banks, 

As  though  by  magic  raised,  are  springing  up. 

Here,  low  down,  where  it  joins  the  Illinois, 

Stands  Ottawa,  near  where  th'  Indians  fell. 


W  i 


s 

i 

! 

1 

1 

■ 

i 

I 

it^H 

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j.     1 

m 

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fiSBlm 


amaaa 


1(34  m.\rK  HAWK,   aM» 

Threo  families  here,  thoyM  slain,  lie  in  their  gore, 
Excepting  persons  two,  whom  they  slew  not ; 
two  females,  beautiful  and  gay, 

rhcy  wore  so  ruddy*  young, 


These  were 

The  two  Miss  Halls. 

And  fair  to  look  upon,  the  Indians  wero 

Enamored  of  their  beauty,  covild  not  lind 

It  in  their  hearts  to  kill  them.     Tlierefove,  they 


and  carry  them  far  oft', 
idness, 


Bid  spare  their  lives. 

Beyond  the  river,  treated  them  with  kin( 

Affection,  and  were  loth  to  part  with  them. 

Long  time  there  held,  but  were,  at  length,  restored 

Unto  their  land,  but  not  unto  their  people. 

The  rest  of  these  three  households,  fifteen  souls. 

Were  slain  this  spot.     Davis,  thou.^h  coward  called, 

Defended,  with  great  heroism,  his  house. 

His  gun  dismantling  in  the  fierce  encounter, 

And  actually  killed  four  Indians,  it  is  said. 


Now,  terrible  the  horror  and  surprise 
Which,  through  the  land  of  Nit-o.me.ma,  reigns  I 
Wild  consternation  pale,  their  vitals  seize  : 
Their  blood  runs  cold  and  slowly  in  their  veiug. 

Hearts  Hiding  them,  o'ercome  by  sudden  fear, 
The  messenger  of  death  in  savage  plight, 
Each  hourly  looks  for  at  his  door  full  ne^r. 
Each,  for  himself,  feels  satl'ty  but  in  fiisht— 

And  most  of  all  was  anxiou?  to  begone ; 
Forsaking  all,  some  south,  some  eastward  fled. 


And  otliOM  to  the  annr,  and  where'er 
The  phtla  au(\  o\m\  luaJ  of  satVty  li;d. 

Leaving  their  huaies,  thoir  tenements  and  hiadrf, 

To  the  free  Uf=e  of  Indians  hi  aclvaiicf, 

Goods,  granaries,  .stores,  herds,  swine,  and  ileecy  batids, 

To  whomsoever  to  come  that  way  luijjht  cliancc. 

Deserted  hamlets  left  f)r  timid  rahMt, 
Or  hear,  or  wily  serpent,  cunning  fox, 
Fierce  wolf,  or  other  creature  to  iuliahit, 
Such  with  the  many,  such  their  panic  shocks. 

Yea !  true  it  was,  that  wandering  hs.mh  vi'  men 
Took  up  their  h)di^Ings  here,  in  these  abodes ; 
l-'inding,  i»  rooms  apart,  and  cellar's  glen. 
Provisions  diverse,  sang  their  merry  odes. 

Made  preparations  due,  and  sat  them  down 
To  eat  and  driidi,  as  at  the  table  tree 
Of  some  manorial  lord,  of  great  renown, 
In  Britain's  isle,  beside  the  Norlheru  Sea. 

In  short,  such  was  their  haste  to  make  their  ilight, 
The  prone  sensations  of  their  feelings  strung, 
Loft  things  of  need,  their  way  to  expedite. 
Which,  better,  safer,  had  they  ta'en  aloiig. 

They  could  not  halt,  or  brook  the  least  delay, 
Danger  so  imminent  hung  o'er  their  heads. 
To  pick  up  what  in  haste  fell  by  the  way, 
Lest  thev  should  meet  their  iale  in  gory  beds. 


11 

mfmw 


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i!ii 


I6d 


BLACK   HAWK,   AND 


Having  escaped  with  life  from  blood-stained  hands, 
And  clangor.;  passtv!,  they  grateful  bless  the  light 
That  freed  their  souls  from  unrelenting  band.^, 
And  aided  them  to  perpetrate  their  flight. 


VIII. 


m 


Detachments  of  the  army  of  assailants, 
Couibiued  in  their  advance  to  Dixon's  Ferry, 


Upon 


anco 
the  waters  of  romantic 


Hock 


Which,  like  the  great  St.  Lawrence'  wave  august— 

'Mid  lakes  has  hs  own  course,  an  honored  stream. 

So  doth  the  Catfish,  tributary  branch, 

Wliere,  'tween  two  lakes,  whoso  waters  ever  clear 

And  cool,  and  plenteous  stored  wllh  fish, 

Stands  Madison,  the  capitoliau  town, 

Uaudsomely  situated  on  a  ri.-Iug  grouuu  ; 
From  which,  at  distance  great,  it  may  be  «een ; 

Yet  stood  not  then,  not  e'en  lu  embryo,  there, 

A  witness  to  this  tragical  atlair. 

The  army  had  advanced  to  Sycamore, 

A  little  tributary  stream  of  Ivock, 

Where  Black  Hawk  lay ;  was  gelling  up  a  feast, 

In  honor  of  his  new  allies,  had  come. 

That  day  he  heard  the  army  of  tlie  too 

Was  drawing  nigh,  sent  out  a  Hag  of  truce, 

A  message,  borne  by  three  men,  unto  them, 

To  say,  that  he  for  peace  was  much  inclined  ; 

To  ask  a  deputation  to  his  camp, 

Or  he  would  come  in  person  them  to  see. 

Long  gone,  he  sent  five  men,  another  party, 


SCE>'E!»    IN    TUB    UL'ST. 


1G7 


it 


i 


ust— 
ini. 

:lcar 


ast, 


To  sec  what  had  l»rcomo.  oi'thnv^j  first  .sPiit, 

Tl»ey»  taken  piisonerH  by  the  wiiito- ,  niado  known 

Their  iiie«.sagt»,  au;l  wore  fircrl  i.n,  uuil  one  killed 

III  cold  blood,  ill  the  camp.     The  others  tied. 

Next  party  came  ;  but  wiiites,  instead  of  waiting 

To  hear  their  peaceful  nif-sage  fronj  tl.rir  chitfj 

Uushed  towards  tli^m  violei\t]y,  with  weapcui:^  drawn, 

So  that  they  turned  .  bont,  and  iled  ;tway. 

Tlio  whites  pursued,  o'ertook  and  slew  two  men  ; 

The  rest  escaped,  and  told  it  to  their  chief, 

Down  canio  the  volunteers,  in  hot  purftuif, 

Even  to  the  camp  of  Blacic  Hawk.     i'Tty  warriors 

With  hlni  were  all;  the  re>t  were  ten  tnile.s  off. 

The  aged  chief  arose,  and  seizefl  hl.i  arms, 

And  ordered  ull  his  braves  io  follow  him. 

Food  for  the  feast  th-  y  Icli  to  lie  untouched; 

He  raised  a  yell,  and  spoke  thus  to  hi;?  men: 

yomo  of  our  people  have  l)eeu  cnirlly  murdered, 

And  wantonly.     Wc  must  avengi      icir  death. 

Snoii  saw  the  ainiy  coming  up  on  gallop 

In  front  of  some  low  bushes,  placed  his  men— 

lie  ro-^e,  rushed  forward,  fire;1,  and  gave  a  yell. 

UU  braves  all  promptly  followed  his  example  ; 

Came  up,  ;.nd  manfully  chtiVged  the  fronung  foe. 

Who  turned  about  in  niter  consternation, 

\nd  f-  .viftly  fled  before  the  aged  chief, 

Who  Ibllowed  them  some  distance  ;  many  ie\L 

Returned  unto  his  camp,  and  sitting  down, 

'I'hanked  the  Great  Spirit  for  his  good  success. 

The  whites  fled  through  their  camp,  nor  did  they  halt 

Till  they  had  reached  Fort  Dixon,  fiir  away  ; 


ai 


^. . , ; 


mi 


tm 


ULACli    UANWt,    A-.U 


lid  all  suiipllc.?, 


Leaving  camp  oquipage,  a 

To  fall  into  Ihorio  hands  thoy  cau.o  to  .I:i} 


They  called  their  roll  next  moin, 


\s 


hen  they  did  find 


They'd  io:it,  by  thid  engagement,  i.uy  so 


ul 


a* 


The  chief,  encouraged  l)y  such  victory  g:iir.ed, 
With  men  so  few  o'er  such  superior  lorce, 
And  strengthened  by  the  l>ooty  he  had  won. 
Counting  on  those  supplies  whicn  he,  had  ta  en, 
Prepared  for  active  war,  and  to  remove         _ 
The  wives  and  children  from  the  field  ol^  .ig.it, 
To  the  Four  Lakes,  head  waters  of  Uoe:;  i  iver  ; 
To  walch  the  threatening  f-e,  his  spies  .eut  out. 
Soon  after  this,  where  artlUl  Dodge  wa.  .tat.oned. 
There  came  a  band  of  Indian.,  munbers  ^mall ; 
Few  men  they  slew,  and  lied.     They  di  I  not  well 

To  come  so  near  this  energ.aic  ehielujM. 

llow  could  they  deem  it  possible  at  u'l, 

T'  evade  a  hero  of  his  chivalry  .' 

With  twenty.nine  of  his  best  chosen  men, 

Aiounted  on  fleetest  steeds,  pursued  the  loe. 

They  crossed  the  Pick-e-ton-ic',  so  did  he  ; 

Took  refuge  in  a  swamp.     He  ii.llowed  on, 

Impenetrable  as  they  deemed  it  was. 
Dismounting  there,  ho  ordered  his  dragoons 

To  link  their  steeds.     Four  men  he  left  in  charge, 

Four  stationed  round  the  swamp  on  higher  ground. 
To  watch  the  motions  of  the  iiidden  foe. 
With  the  remainder  'gan  to  scour  the  swamp  ; 


i 


BCENES    IN   THE    WEST. 


1C9 


I'ouiul  wlioiv  the  fiidianr-i  lay,  wlio  had  porceived 

Hi.s  coiuip<i-,  arlliiUy  liiJ,  willi  rlllo.-  drawn 

i;|)  to  llu'ii'  shouldt'irf,  rrady-poiiitcd,  prinieU. 

ilo  met  their  suildeii  liie  at  tliirty  teet  ; 

Thoy'd  thrown  themselves  flat  down  upon  tlio  ground, 

lU'hind  an  elevated  rid<^e  of  land, 

Wheie  they  could  see,  and  not  be  seen  l)y  him, 

Until  their  lire  had  told  him  where  they  hiy. 

Three  of  his  oallant  soldiers  fell  down  slain  ; 

Ikit  no  accursed  ball  from  .^ava/^o  rifle, 

Permitted  was  to  smile  that  aidcut  breast. 

Stand  lirm  as  death,  my  men,  the  hero  said. 

And  to  the  <j;lorious  charge  his  soldiers  led. 

With  one  accord  they  rushed  ni)ou  the  fjc  ; 

Now,  short  and  sanfiiiinary  was  the  conflict. 

8oon,  thnMi^h  the  {gallantry  of  their  connnander, 

The  eflicacy  of  their  well-poised  rides. 
Wielded  by  valiant  men,  succeeded  they 
lu  cuttiiifx  down  the  foe.     Indeed,  one  thought 
To  have  escaped,  well-nij^^h  accomplished  it, 
The  river  swiuuning;  ne'erlheless  was  he 
Shot  down  upon  the  opp'sito  bank,  although, 
That  moment,  in  all  prol^ability. 
He  had  supposed  himself  <iuite  out  of  danger. 
A  ^mart  engagement,  'tween  two  similar  bands, 
Oil  Apple  Creek  soon  followed  ;  tighting  close. 
With  bayonet,  scalping-knite  ;  when  Stephenson, 
The  captain  of  the  troops,  was  wounded  sore, 
And  several  of  his  soldi(M's  fell  in  blood. 
The  Indians  were  defeated  on  that  day. 
Twelve  lifeless  bodies  on  the  field  left  they. 

15 


*   'if 


> ;  i 


i  Ml' 1*1 


ft 


is; 


no 


BLACK    HAWK,    AI^D 


X. 


Me 

Of 


antime 
mounte 


Dement,  with  one  baltaiion 


full, 


d  volunteers,  drew 


out  h 


S    H>i 


ce, 


And  was  at 
Four  1 


tacked,  at  BiilValo  Grove 


Ijy  Black  Hawk, 


cagucs 


to  north  of"  Dixon's  hostile  ferry, 


With  equal  numbers  marshalled  f»r  the  war. 

Dement  was  bold  to  stand  an  e(iual  fight ; 

Hi:  men,  the  contest  to  avoid,  preferred. 

Black  Hawk  had  got  between  them  and  their  camp 

And  artfully  intercepted  their  retreat, 

And  left  them  no  alternative,  but  light, 

And  cut  their  way  back  to  their  c:  np,  cr  fail. 

On  the  firv  ons<'t,  several  his  dragoons 

Dement  saw  tail,  together  with  their  steeds. 
Foaming  and  bounding,  went  down  horse  and  rider. 
Mingling  their  blood  together  in  the  sand. 
Added  to  this,  the  claidiiiig  sound  of  arms. 
Of  rifles,  and  the  yell  of  savage  men, 
And  consternation  by  all  these  brought  en, 
The  fiery  steeds  became  unmanageable. 
Such  was  the  panic  felt,  such  the  confusion. 
That,  for  Dement,  it  was  hnpossilile 
To  form  his  men  in  an  established  line. 
Dragoons,  unnumbered,  fell,  and  foity  stced:^ 
Lay°bleeding  on  the  ground.     The  aged  chief 
Defeated  and  pursued  them  to  their  camp, 
As  though  in  youthful  vigor.     Still  his  arm 
In  battle  mighty  was.     He  was  ui)held 
By  consciousness  of  his  own  rectitude, 
A  purpose  firm,  and  onward  in  his  course, 


[awk, 


amp 


rider. 


SCENES   IN    THE    WLST.  171 

Impelled  by  motives  powerful  most  to  move, 
And  actuate  the  breasts  of  savage  men  ; 
Attachment  to  their  country,  and  revenge 
For  injuries  unredress'd,  too  long  endured. 
His  men  would  fain  besiege,  and  burn  the  fort ; 
But  he,  beholding  it  well  fortified, 
Impregnable,  told  them,  as  they  had  chased 
The  bear  into  his  hole,  they'd  leave  him  there, 
And,  to  their  own  encampment,  all  repair. 

XI. 

Over  the  numerous  skirmishes  taking  place, 

Between  detachments  small  of  troops  contending, 

Oi)  either  side,  proceed  wc  now  to  pass. 

IniUnM],  of  little  consequence  arc  those  ; 

And  irksome  might  become  minute  detail 

I  nto  the  reader,  whom  we  would  prefer 

Rather  to  dit.;appoint  by  some  conciseness. 

Than  tire  by  long  prolixity  of  words. 

Therefore,  untouched,  unsung,  these  minor  things 

Leaving,  as  matter  for  the  muse  unfit. 

Or  history  more  sublime,  we  hasten  on 

To  the  place  of  sanguine  fight,  those  two  engagements 

Where  the  whole  strength  of  each  Ijlligerent  power, 

And  force  were  all  united  under  one, 

Beneath  their  leaders,  host  confronting  host. 

True,  in  the  different  skirmishes  jetween 

ymall  parties  of  the  hostile  bands,  the  braves 

Of  Black  Hawk  got  the  l)etter  of  their  foe 

Sometimes  ;  yet,  on  the  whole,  th'  advantage  lay 


ti  ('■*!  y 


JY2  BLACK    UAWiv,    A-ND 

On  th'  other  side  ;  and,  as  they'd  not  succeeded 


In  driving  n 


ut  the  armies  of  the  whites 


Nor,  yet,  in  gaining  peaceable  posses 


ision, 


Uly  there, 

list  be  considered,  at  this  signal  juncture, 
lufiered,  virtually,  defeat. 


The  object  of  the  contest  so  securing, 
In  their  location  permanent 

M 

As  having  s 

Of  this  astounding  fact,  so  clearly  seen, 

E'en  the  great  Black  Ilawk,  blind  as  was,  and  led 

Dy  impulse  of  one  high  commanding  passion, 

Revenge  fur  wrongs,  and  ultimate  redress 

Of  grievances,  seemed  duly  sensible  ; 

Forr gathering  in  his  bands  from  eveiy  quarter, 

Calling  a  council  of  liis  bravest  warriors, 

In  language  sorrowful,  and  v.ith  chagrin. 

His  hard  misfortunes  to  them  all  expressed, 

At  not  being  able  to  make  head  agaiiit;t 

The  combined  armies  of  his  stronger  foe. 

A  general  council,  both  of  chiefs  and  braves. 

Was  soon  convoked.     A  circle  tLMuiing  round, 

Under  a  shady  grove,  they  seat  themselves 

On  the  green  grass,  prepared  to  hear,  with  reverence. 

The  words  of  their  high  chief.     He  sat  anndst, 

Clothed  in  his  military  bright  costume,  ^ 

With  shrine,  containing  holy  things,  and  saored, 

Before  him,  handed  down  from  sire  to  son. 

His  face  was  painted  raven-colored  deep, 

And  striped  with  red  ;  his  crown  with  leathers  tuHed. 

Broaches  did  glitter  round  him ;  'bout  his  neck. 

Encircling,  too,  each  knee,  a  beaded  belt  ; 

Borue  in  his  hand  a  flag,  an  ensign  bright 


m 


■1. 


led 


SCENES    IK    THi:    WEST. 

or  his  authority.     Upon  his  breast 

A  costly  medal,  curious  workmanship, 

Glittered;  received  of  British  general  both, 

For  service  lately  rendered  them  in  war. 

He  in  their  midst  arose.     Upon  his  brow 

Sat  care  ;  and,  on  his  countenance,  austere, 

.Depicted  was  a  frown,  but  not  against 

His  people.     Those  he  loved  and  cherished,  aye. 

His  eye  was  fiery,  for  a  moment  rolled 

In  silence  round  them,  unto  heaven  it  turned, 

Great  Spirit's  abode,  with  a  devotion  pure  ; 

TiiPU  settled  on  the  throng ;  and,  deeply  conscious 

Of  what  he  was  to  utter,  with  his  hands 

Uplifted  towards  the  heavens,  he  thus  began : — 


173 


XIT. 


crence. 


cJ, 


5  tufied. 


Souls  of  the  free  !  tried  in  adversity, 
Known  to  be  faithOd  !  whose  magnanimous  hearts 
Do  palpitate  in  unison  with  my  own  ! 
'Tis  not  without  reluctance,  deepest  grief. 
That  I,  for  once,  to  you  shf)uld  name  retreat. 
A  white  flag  twice  to  white  men  has  been  sent, 
For  peace  to  sue,  as  oft  has  been  fired  on. 
We're  not  allowed  the  privilege  of  a  truce, 
For  terms  of  peace  to  treat.     No  !  cruel  foes 
Thirct  for  our  blood,  and  will  no  quarter  give. 
They  have  forgotten  I  their  prisoners  spared. 
When  for  my  British  father  I  did  fight, 
Forbade  the  murder  at  the  risk  of  life. 
Evil  for  good,  to  me  they  have  returned — 

15* 


174 


BLACK    HAWK,   AM> 


Oppression  justice  call ;  rigiit  they  make  wrong. 
Thoy  call  themselves  the  injured  party,  wc 
Th'  aggressors!     Shame  !     Such  reaaoning  becomes 
None  but  base  robbers.     Driven  us  from  our  soil ! 
And  seized  our  pleasant  country  for  themselves  ! 
Where  I  did  hope  to  spend  my  few  last  years, 
And  sleep  in  quiet  with  the  pious  dead  ; 
Their  graves,  their  soil,  their  bones,  sacred  to  me. 
And  now,  because  we  boldly  ask  our  right. 
Call  us  intruders  ;  and  for  this  good  cause 
Determine  to  destroy  and  kill  us  quite. 
My  warriors,  you  do  know,  can  witness  bear, 
'Tis  not  for  lack  of  zeal,  or  courage  good, 
In  me  betrayed,  that  prompts  a  prudent  course- 
That  we  keep  not  possesj^ion  of  our  lands. 
But  foes  allow  to  tai:c  our  country  from  us. 
'Tis  of  necessity,  as  you  can  see. 
The  course  of  fate  ;  a  prelude  to  our  fall. 
O  had  I  power  to  vindicate  my  cause  ; 
I'd  make  their  own  injustice  prove  their  ruin ! 
Perhaps  some  other  power,  another  day. 
May  wipe  from  us  th'  inglorious  stain  away. 
Now,  as  he  sternly  spake,  the  crystal  drops 
From  his  dilated  eyes  flowed  copious  down 
His  furrowed,  care-worn  cheeks.     For  his  gray  hairs 
Already  had  been  seared,  and  blanched  by  time  ; 
His  days  had  numbered  threescore  years  and  six. 


XIII. 


His  eye  was  not  yet  dim,  nor  yet  his  powera 
Of  mind  essentially  impaired,  but  still 


Diries 

1  f 


e. 


hairs 


» 
ix. 


SCENES    IN    THE    WEST. 

Ardent  and  eloquent,  well  to  express 

What  feelings  strong  impelled.     Thus  he  went  on  : 

The  actions  of  my  life,  my  valor  prove. 

When  in  my  father's  day,  th'  Osages  made 

Encroachments  on  our  tribe,  and  murdered  oft, 

A  youth  of  fifteen,  by  my  llithcr's  side, 

I  fought  against  them,  and  prevailed,  and  slow 

Two  men  ;  their  scalps  unto  my  father  brovigljt. 

He  looked  on  mo  and  smiled,  pleased  with  the  skill 

And  bravery  of  his  son.     Then  was  my  name 

Ein-olled  among  the  brave.     Distinguished  thus, 

PcM'initted  was  to  paint,  and  feathers  wear  ; 

And  join  the  dance,  which  none  but  warriors  share. 

Osages  still  continuing  their  assaults, 

I  raised  soon  after  this  two  hundred  men  ; 

And  heading  these,  into  their  country  far 

I  travelled,  till  I  met  an  equal  band. 

They  fought  with  desperation — each  appeared 

Determined  still  on  victory,  or  death. 

Osages  many  fell  Ijefore  they  fled, 

Upon  the  field  they  left  a  hundred  dead. 

Five  lusty  men  by  my  own  hand  were  slain, 

In  this  hard  battle  on  the  sandy  plain. 

Now,  'gainst  another  foe,  the  Cherokees, 

My  father  turned  his  arms  j  for  they  had  slain  . 

Some  of  our  women,  helpless  children,  too. 

We  fuught.     Their  numbers  far  exceeded  ours. 

My  father,  most  ox[)osed,  fell  first;  then  I 

Assumed  command,  and  paine'^'  the  victory — 

With  my  own  hand,  thi   i    -tu.dy  India?is  slew. 

The  dead  I  buried,  and.  returning  home, 


175 


„t  " 


■li 


ill] 


>ki; 


176  BLACK    HAWir,   A\D 

Deeply  affected  with  my  father's  death, 
I  blacked  my  face,  HistrHl  and  prayed  tive  year: 
To  the  Great  Spirif— drlnkinj;^  once  a  day 
Water,  and  eating  sparingly  parclied  corn, 
At  sunset ;  long  in  hunting  passed  the,  time, 
And  fishing — never  going  forth  to  war. 


t,  I) 


II  ); 


I  ;  ?; 


XIV, 


Once  more  the  fierce  Osage  renewed  the  war 


our 


peoj 


md  I,  as  Ix'fore 


Upon 

Was  called  upon  to  lead  them  'gainst  the  f)e 

To  raise  a  force  sufl'icient  to  deitroy 

Their  tril)e,  for  injuries  to  our  nation  done. 

This,  the  Great  .Si)irit  strengthened  mo  to  do. 

Six  hundred  Sacs  and  Foxes,  and  Iowa", 

Composed  my  train  ;  with  these  i  met  the  foo 

Falling  on  forty  lodges,  killed  them  all. 

Nine  scaljjs,  the  tro[>hi(vs  of  my  hand,  declared 

Th'  efficient  part  1  in  the  battle  shared. 

The  rest  did  cease  aggressions  for  a  lime. 


OP?" 


Soon  after  this,  when  1  was  in  »ny  prime, 
I  carried  on  a  long  protracted  war 
Against  the  Chippeways, 


Osanes,  and  Kaskaskia; 


Which  did  not  termin 


ate  fo 


r  several  year; 


And  not  until  I  reached  my  ihiiiy-iirth. 
In  this  campaign,  seven  hundred  warrioiv  fl'. 
I  killed,  whh  this  right  arm,  iheir  bravest  men, 
And  chiefs  of  ini<>;ht  :  their  numben*  were  thirteen. 


O 


ur  enemies  driven  from  uai 


hunt 


I  ng- ground 


Compelled  to  sue  for  peace,  and  keep  their  bounds, 


SCEXES    IN    THE    WEST. 

We  home  returned — interred  and  mourned  our  dead, 

And  in  our  peuccful  villages  remained ; 

Respecting  others'  rights,  felt  no  desire 

T'  encroach,  or  carry  on  offensive  war. 

When  \var  against  Great  Britain  Mas  declared. 

Resolved  my  British  father  would  assist, 

Because  he  gave  us  presents,  and  fulfilled 

His  promises ;  and  told  us  he  would  help 

To  drive  the  whites,  who  had  encroached  on  us. 

Back  to  their  own  possessions.     In  this  war, 

XV. 

Five  hundred  Indians  I  commanded,  fought 

In  several  battles  with  success  ;  but  flrst, 

Ere  my  departure  to  the  war,  I  made 

A  visit  to  the  lodge  of  my  old  friend. 

The  comrade  of  my  youth — with  me  had  fought 

Bravely  in  many  baUles  ;  now  intirm, 

Could  not  go  forth  to  hunting,  or  to  war ; 

Crippled  by  M'ounds.     He  had  a  duteous  son 

I  loved,  and  had  adopted  as  my  own, 

Did  hunt  with  me  the  two  preceding  winters. 

I  wished  my  friend  to  let  him  go  with  me. 

He  said,  he  could  not  gain  su[)port  without  him; 

I,  who  had  been  his  guardian,  would  be  gone  ; 

He  had  no  other  help  but  his  son. 

I  offered  in  his  place  my  son  to  leave  ; 

Refused,  and  said  he  did  not  like  the  war  ; 

He  had  been  down  the  river,  treated  well 

By  the  Americans,  and  could  not  fight 


177 


!  'H 


178  BLACK    HAWK,    AND 

Against  them  ;  but  was  going  to  winter  near 
The  white  men,  by  their  fort,  the  river  down. 
Hiid  promised  to  assist  and  to  protect  him 
And  his  son,  and  privileged  them  to  hunt. 
We  parted — I  unto  the  seat  of  war, 
And  he,  confiding,  to  a  peaceful  shore. 


a 


n 


ii  i 


V  f 


I 


XVI. 

Unto  my  native  land,  when  1  returned, 

There  had  been  war  in  Illinois,  I  learned. 

Americans  had  burned  Peoria  gay. 

My  friends  as  prisoners  thence  had  ta'en  away. 

My  village  neared  ;  then  I  beheld  along 

The  bluffs,  ascending  up,  a  smoke  among. 

I  bade  my  friends  unto  the  village  haste  ; 

I  turned  aside,  to  gather  there  what  passed  ; 

Devout,  my  aged  friend  engaged  in  prayer, 

As  oft  before,  presumed  should  find  him  therp. 

Approached — a  fire  I  saw,  stretched  out  a  mat. 

An  old  man  under  it,  in  sorrow  sat. 

At  other  times,  I  should  have  turned  away. 

Knowing  he  there  had  come  alone  to  pray, 

And  humble  him  before  great  Manitou, 

That  he  might  pity  him,  and  hear  his  pious  vow. 

Approached — myself  1  seated  by  his  side. 
Anxious  inquired  what  ills  did  him  botide. 
He  saw  me,  as  he  cast  his  eyes  around. 
Again  in  silence  fixed  them  on  the  ground. 
'TwRs  he,  my  aged  friend.     But  O  how  changed  ! 


SCENES    JN    THE    WEST. 

Judge  my  siirpriso,  to  me  so  much  estranged  ! 
I  anxiously  inqnired,  what  has  hcon  done 
Unto  our  people  ;  and  where  is  our  son  ? 
My  aged  comrade  seemed  but  half  alive. 
He  must  have  fasted  long  ;  him  to  revive, 
To  sprinkle  in  his  face  I  water  bring  ; 
Lighting  my  pipe,  and  to  him  oflering, 
A  few  puds  eagerly  he  drew.      His  eyes 
He  upward  cast,  and  me  did  recognize. 
When  I  inqnired  again,  what  has  been  done 
Unto  our  people,  and  where  is  our  son  ? 

XVII. 

His  eyer  were  glassy.     He  again  had  fallen 

Into  fi^rgetfulness,  had  I  not  givon 

That  whicli  did  iiim  revive,  water  to  drink ; 

And  yet  again  inquired.     In  feel)le  voice 

He  said  :  »Soon  after  your  dcpartiu'e  hence, 

To  join  the  English,  i  the  river  down 

Descended,  with  a  little  company. 

To  winter  at  the  place  I  told  you  of, 

Where  white  men  had  requested  me  to  come. 

Arnved,  I  f  )und  a  tort  there  built ;  tlie  man 

Inviting  me  to  come,  had  thence  removed. 

I  then  a  visit  to  the  fort  did  pay, 

Myself  and  band  were  friendly,  them  to  tell, 

Did  wish  to  himt  in  peace,  and  near  them  dw^ll. 

The  war-chief  told  me,  who  commanded  there. 

We  unmolested  might  our  lodges  rear, 

And  hunt  on  Mississippi's  eastern  side. 


170 


'iul 


il 


i        «■! 


160 


ULACK    HAWK,    AND 


Well  ploas^od  with  such  assurauco,  cropsod  the  tide ; 
There  camped  ;  game  plenty  M'as — wc  happy  were, 
And  often  talked  of  you,  and  of  your  fare. 


XVIII. 

My  boy  roprctted  mueh  yonr  absence  long, 

And  hardships  you  would  have  to  rndor^ijo. 

AVe  had  been  here  about  two  month.^  ;  my  boy 

Went  out  to  hunt  as  usual ;  ni<iht  came  on, 

And  he  did  not  return.     I  was  alarmed— 

His  safety  fearinj]^,  passed  a  sleepless  night. 

In  early  morn,  our  lodges  were  informed, 

And  ali  turned  out,  to  make  a  general  search. 

The  virgin  snow  lay  d'U'p  upon  the  earth  ; 

Soon  found  his  trail,  and  found  that  h.-*  pursued 

A  wounded  deer,  that  to  the  river  led. 

Unto  the  place  where  he  had  stood  and  fired, 

They  soon  did  come  ;  and  further  on.  a  deer, 

Which  hung  upon  a  branching  tree,  they  5;aw, 

Which  had  been  dressed.     But  here  were  white   mens' 

tracks ; 
And  they  had  made  a  prisoner  of  n»y  ])oy. 
Their  tracks  across  the  river,  and  then  down 
Unto  the  fort,  did  lead  ;  an  omen  btid. 
My  friends  pursued,  soon  found  my  boy  lying  dead  ; 
He  had  been  murdered  there  most  cruelly. 
His  face  was  shot  in  pieces — body  stabbed 
In  several  places,  scalped  and  drag.fred  along. 
The  old  man  paused  awhile,  and  then  observed, 
His  wife  had  Jied  upon  their  journey  home. 


"^ 


ere, 


itc  mens' 


Bad  ; 


ecENES  IN  Tin;  w     r. 

I  took  the  Imnd  of  that  ihnr  {vlovA  in  mino, 
And  ph'dni'd  irns'df  I  Mould  av('ii;^r»  lu.s  dciitli. 
l)arI<!iojjS  o'crt^hadowod  ii.^ ;  a  dreadful  storm 
Began  to  rag**,  and  raia  in  toiToiit.-j  lell. 
Liglitning  and  thnndiT,  toniidy  siddimo, 
Condiinrd  to  render  di.snial  llii."*  *:ad  scene. 
The  y»lanket  of  my  own  had  taken  olf, 
And  \vrapi)ed  around  him,  from  ihe  C(M  to  screen. 
Soon  as  the  ttorm  ahaled,  kindled  fire, 
And  raised  him  In  my  jum.^,  to  jdace  him  iiigher ; 
But  he  v»'as  dead  !     Yet  w  ith  him  I  remained, 
Through  all  the  night,  till  inorniug  had  ohtained. 
My  comrades  early  came,  assisted  me 
To  l)ury  him  upon  the  b!uii".s  high  pealc. 
T  voAved  revenge,  and  tN\u  ndiile  men  I  cilew. 
Tirst  taking  1«'\\%  I  M'ent  the  iivei' down, 
In  scarcii  of  foes.     Along,  an  we  drew  near, 
I  lioard  a  nu^tling  in  the  leaves,  and  saw 
Two  little  hoys,  that  (Strove  to  hide  themselves. 
I  thought  of  my  own  tdiildren — parsed  them  by 
Unharmed,  unfollowed.     fc?oou  came  riding  nigh, 
Two  while  men.     One  we  slew  ;  the  other  fled. 
Wg  met  more  horsemen  soon,  a  ^^kirmish  had. 
I  at  their  leader  took  deliberate  aim  ; 
He  lifeh'ss  fidl  ;  the  rest  did  force  us  back. 
Now  we  reload,  and  wait  for  their  apjjroach. 
They  rush  on  lis,  and  iiring,  killed  one  man. 
We  it  returned — two  more  of  Uietn  lay  dead. 
My  vow  fulfilled,  and  my  adopted  son 
Avenged,  escaping  thence,  we  all  went  home. 

16 


181 


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IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


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1.25      1.4 

1.6 

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► 

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Photographic 
Corporation 


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23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER, NY,  M$BO 

(716)  e72-4S03 


'4. 


y>. 


' 


m 


BLACK    HAWK,    AM) 


XIX. 


n 


Soon  came  the  news  tlio  whilc,-^  were  building  forts 

Along  our  river,  and  thai  1  aiust  leave 

Mv  village,  native  |)lace,  sacred  to  me. 

I  straight  resolved  I'd  never  give  it  up, 

But  fight  for  it  while  blood  ran  in  my  veins. 

1  went  to  sec  the  white  chiefs,  told  them  so ; 

They  said  that  I  must  hvave  it.     I  said  no, 

I  never  will !     From  our  great  father  chief, 

The  President,  I  next  implored  redress, 

To  my  entreaties  lie  paid  no  regard. 

I  sought  our  British  father's  kindly  aid; 

He  could  not  break  the  peace  to  set  us  right. 

The  course  of  Keokuck,  why  need  I  name? 

Or  ctu'se,  or  spare  the  nia/i  we  so  much  blame  1 

They've  seized  our  substance,  forced  us  far  away 

From  that  fair  land  where  our  possessions  lay. 

Our  wives  and  children  wandering  journey  led, 

And  forced  were  many  a  day  to  cry  for  bread. 

I  rose  agaiiist  the  authors  of  our  wo ; 

And  here  do  stand  the  champion  of  the  foe. 

lie  paused  :  a  solenm  awe  pervades  the  throng, 

And  tears  come  rolling  down  their  cheeks  along. 

Thus  he  went  on  : — To  purchase  our  redress, 

My  life  a  sacrifice  I  would  devote, 

Most  willingly  for  such  a  consummation. 

It  would  be  well  cxporded  in  a  cause 

Worth  dying  for !       Shall  we,  then,  forward  rush 

Upon  our  foes,  and  fight  tiU  we  are  slain, 

And  sell  our  lives  as  dearly  as  we  can  t 


'■ 


f 


SCENES  IN    run   west. 

Our  wisdom  does  not  dictato  thh,  nor  yei 

Has  the  Great  Spirit  it  revealed  to  us,' 

Made  known  by  sage,  hy  prophet,  or  in  dreams. 

'TwouM  bo  a  useless  sacrifice,  and  vain  ! 

As  well  might  throw  ourselves  upon  our  swords, 

Or  rush  into  the  alligator's  jaws  ! 

For  thick  as  the  autumnal  leaves  descend, 

With  all  their  yellow  and  their  purple  tints, 

From  l«jrest-trces,  beneath  a  hoary  frost, 

Covering  the  ground  ;  so  thick  the  regiments,  and 

1'he  cohorts  of  our  pale-faced  foes  alight 

Upon  us ;  filling  all  our  country  up, 

And  covering  it  with  legions  of  their  troops. 

Farther  attempts,  therefore,  to  keep  possession, 

Are  vain  and  hopeless  !     Yes,  my  warriors  brave. 

Appalling  as  the  thought  is,  we  must  quit 

Our  country,  and  resign  it  to  the  hands 

Of  the  pale-faces.     In  extremity 

So  great,  it  well  becomes  us  to  effect 

Timely  retreat,  and  so  to  manage  it. 

As  to  avoid  collision  with  the  foe. 

Who  now  outnumber  us  as  ten  to  one. 

We'll,  therefore,  shape  our  journey  to  the  north. 

Cross  the  Wisconsin  ;  thence,  our  rapid  march 

Urge  to  the  Upper  Mississippi,  high 

'Cove  Prairie  du  Chien ;  pass  over,  and  escape 

Into  the  wastes  romantic  far  northwest. 

Out  of  the  reach  of  foes  dishonorable, 

Whose  laws,  ideas,  and  thoughts  of  justice  are 

So  vile,  so  widely  diiferent  from  our  own. 

There  unmolested  for  a  while  may  live. 


181 


SLACK   HAWK,  AM* 


u 


if 


Until  encroacTiments  farther,  of  the  whites, 

Force  us,  ag.iin,  to  <iuit  the  country  theiP, 

For  one  that  thoy  AviU  jrrant  us  more  remote  ; 

Some  region  or  unfriondly  dime,  austere, 

Unlit  for  mortal  resideMice  when  f^md, 

Where  neither  fish,  nor  towl,  nor  tieer  abound. 

Perhaps  be  driven  back  iijiou  the  lan(U 

Of  other  noraerous  tribes,  and  warrinj?  bands, 

By  whom,  combininjr,  we  shall  be  destroyed, 

For  those  intrusions  that  wc  t  an't  avoid. 

Should  we  be  overtaken  by  our  foes, 

In  hot  pursuit,  at  crossing  of  these  waters, 

Of  which  there  is  great  danger,  wc  must  fight, 

Compelled,  and  do  it  mantully  we  must. 

We  must  endeavor  to  beat  back  the  Ibe, 

As  numerous  as  their  legions  throng  around, 

Repulse,  and  drive  them  from  the  river  banks  ; 

Tliat  our  good  wives,  our  chikh-en,  and  ourselves, 

May  be  insured  a  passage  safely  o'er 

Great  fuher  of  the  water.     On  tiiat  shore, 

And  Cut  beyond  it,  wc  may  freedom  find, 

And  some  respite  from  civilized  mankind. 


;, 


XX. 

Such  was  the  substance,  such  the  speech  of  Black  Hawk 

On  this  occasion  ;  never  one  more  trying. 

Greatness  of  soul  it  shows,  entitling  him, 

A  hero  of  no  ordinary  stamp. 

To  the  respect  and  pity  of  the  good. 

That  nobleness  of  mind,  what  might  it  not 


' 


•  J'i 


SCENES    I>-   TIIK    WJ:sT. 

Been  capable  of  doing  uitli  r',<^ht  culture? 

By  education  and  Kifinoinont  aided  ? 

Ilirn  wo  behold,  a  rude,  uuletfered  savage, 

Engaged  in  one  great,  glorious  enterpiisc. 

Condition  of  his  triho  ameliorating. 

By  a  ivsjoit  to  last  extremity, 

To  fighting  ill  defence  of  his  loved  com.try, 

For  restoration  of  their  claims  to  lands 

AVhich  (iod  and  nature  to  them  had  bequeathed  ; 

To  which  he  deiuned  they  had  a  sovereign  right, 

By  every  principle  of  eqiiify, 

And  justice,  known  among  the  Indian  tribes, 

And  which  unjustly  had  been  ta'eu  away. 

Nature's  own  child,  and  own  primeval  offspring, 

For  liberty  and  equal  rights  contending, 

On  the  broad  base  of  true  republicanism. 


isr. 


XXI. 

It  is  a  maxim  grown  into  a  proverb, 
That  he  who  shoots  his  arrow  at  the  sun 
In  his  meridian  height,  though  he  can't  reach  it, 
Yet,  e'en  much  higher  will  his  arrow  fly. 
Than  aimed  at  lower  object  near  the  earth. 
This  chief,  aspiring,  high  his  arrow  shot. 
That  L-un  to  hit,  which  doth  illumine  heaven 
Political,  the  ilrniament  thereof, 
With  brightness  filling  of  its  influence 
Redeeming;  civil  and  religious  freedom. 
True,  hit  that  sun  ho  did  not,  nor  did  he 
Succeed  in  his  endeavors  all-absorbing, 

16* 


M  f 


1 1  \ 


! 


m 


I   IHll 


BLACK    HAWK,    A?il> 

In  their  own  land  to  roinstato  h\9  people, 
EHect  thosfi  measures  neodtiil  he  conceived, 
To  glorify  and  make  them  happy  there — 
Yet,  still,  quite  hi<j;h  en(Mi<^h  hi.s  arrow  flew, 
To  show  the  world  what  all  he  would  have  done, 
And  high  enough  to  render  his  fair  namo 
Great  and  immortal  *inong  the  sons  of  men. 

xxii. 

Now  Black  Hawk  and  his  army  arc  retreating  ; 
Henry  and  Dodge  pursue  with  drufns  a  beating. 
The  former,  o'er  the  prairieSjas  ihey  pass, 
Through  intervening  groves,  amid  high  grass, 
Which  crowns  the  verdant  lawns,  o'er  hill  and  di?''*, 
Entwined  with  llowers,  make  plain  their  narrow  v.ail, 
Down-trodden  grass  betrays  their  Indian  tile  ; 
The  swift  pursuers  trace  it  many  a  mile. 

XXIII. 

From  early  immigrant's  constructed  cabin  new, 
No  curling  smokes  had  yet  ascended  up. 
Sound  of  his  axe,  the  baying  of  his  dogs, 
His  curfew  tinkling,  timbered  lands  among, 
Which  beautifully  fringe  the  prairie  grounds; 
The  lowing  of  his  klnc  returning  home. 
To  yield  unto  his  dairy  boverag(!  rich. 
Had  never  yet  been  heard  In  this  wide  region. 
O'er  which  this  sad  retreat  was  now  conducting. 
In  nature's  rich  luxuriance,  wild  abounding. 


•CENES    IN    TUB    WEST, 


le, 


i  da'", 
w  v.ail. 


The  freshness  of  these  scenes  enjoyed  not  yet  j 
Nor  the  sweet  charms  of  pastoral  llfo  'mong  groves, 
And  fields  where  cultivation  fust  begins 
Her  pious  toils  ;  nor  had  the  hu.sbandman, 
In  holy  place,  hitj  household  gods  set  up. 

x\iv. 

The  rolling  prairies  broad  before  thorn  stretch, 

Far  as  the  eye  can  reach  ;  and  to  the  sight 

Admiring,  they  appear,  on  tlieir  green  surface, 

Like  undulations  vast  of  the  deep  se?  ; 

Whose  beauteous  flowers,  in  their  rich  multitude, 

Out.rival  all  the  Oriental  gardens  * 

Of  horticulturist.     In  their  varied  hues. 

Flowers  f)rm  the  pavement  of  the  ground  beneath  ; 

"NVhile  the  magnificent  canopy  a])ove, 

And  vault  ethereal  of  the  sky,  star-pavod  ; 
Or,  during  day,  more  brilliantly  illumined 

Hy  dazzling  lustre  of  that  brightest  lamp 

Of  heaven,  the  sun.     «weep  over  here  the  winds, 

To  kiss  the  flowery  lawn,  and  cause  the  waves 

Sea-green,  to  rise  among  the  waving  grass 

Of  lambent  ocean,  l)oundless,  verdant  all. 

No  lordly  lion  here,  or  tiger  fierce, 

To  fiigliten  or  destroy,  lurks  round ;  but  here 

The  playful  fawn,  the  prairie-hen,  all  kinds  ; 

Various  sweet  singing  birds  and  doves  inhabit, 

And  prairie-wolf,  degenerate  kiiid,  not  fierce, 

Like  those  in  deep  recesses  of  the  wood ; 

But  easily  ensnared,  and  overcome. 


I  I 


''J 


III 


y 


jy  i 


188  HLACK    HAWK,    AND 

Oft  in  pursuit,  the  valos  mcantlnritig  through, 
To  pass  o'er  rushing  rivers  were  they  called, 
Whose  banks  were  covered  with  majestic  trees 
Of  sycamore,  and  forest's  nohhist  sons  ; 
The  towering  oak,  the  elm,  and  sugar-maple, 
With  sacchariferoiis  qualities  imhued. 
Anon,  and  ever,  'mid  the  prairies  wide, 
Are  sprinkled  island  groves  and  skirls  of  wood, 
The  scene  to  vary.     Ancient  mounds  are  here, 
Whose  regular  forms,  immense  area,  and  size, 
Covered  with  trees  of  huge  millennial  growth. 
To  distant  period  more  remote,  point  back, 
When  built ;  to  some  more  ancient  race  of  men, 
Farther  than  Indians  in  the  arts  advanced, 
Of  civilized  life,  with  ample  means  to  work. 

XXV. 

This,  also,  is  the  mining  region,  where 

The  earth  prolific  teems  with  mineral  wealth  ; 

Rich  stores  of  lead  and  copper  pouring  forth, 

Have  found  their  way  throughout  our  wide  domain. 

Which  promise  to  the  State  a  fruitful  source 

Of  never-failing  opulence  and  wealth, 

Are  powerful  motives  set  before  the  mind, 

For  occupation  of  this  goodly  land  ; 

To  say  nought  of  the  beauty  of  the  country. 

Its  healthfulness,  salubrity  of  air, 

And  milder  climate,  so  delectable  ; 

Its  fruitful  soil,  and  wondrous  adaptation 

To  ease  of  husbandmen  in  agriculture  ; 


L 


6CEi\i;s  IN  Tllli   w£vr. 


1@9 


Nought  of  the  people's  hospitality, 

A  hardy  race  oroiUorpriaing  ones, 

M'ith  fluali  of  health  from  every  countenance  beamin"-. 

In  almost  every  part  the  m'ning  region, 

Lead  may  be  sought  for  with  success,  and  found. 

Discoveries  new  are  making  day  by  day, 

Throwing  greater  light  upon  the  situation 

Of  ore  ;  enabling  miners  to  direct 

Their  eflortsj  witii  a  certainty  of  gain. 

IJeneath  clitf,  limestone,  which  contains  the  ere, 

A  very  thin  stratum  of  blue  limestone,  lies  ; 

iJencath  this  still,  a  body  of  browa  sandstone  ; 

Ju  which,  no  veins  of  ore  are  ever  traced  ; 

liut  in  tlie  did;  limestone  above,  'tis  lound 

la  veins,  and  seams,  and  fissures  of  the  n;cl;, 

'I'liese  fissures  are  of  every  size  ;  iVoin  luaJa 

Of  inch  diameter,  to  fifty  feet. 

Large  chamljers  these  ;  their  walls  are  lined  with  coat 

Of  lead  ore,  or  galena,  as  'tis  called, 

A  foot  in  thickness.     Hollow  cavities 

IJetween,  tilled  up  with  clay ;  while  layers  rim 

In  horizontal  lines  across,  of  ore. 

Sometimes  in  lumps  of  various  sizes,  found 

In  clay  of  fissures,  or  the  soil  above. 


M  !'    li 


XXVI. 


Sometimes  the  fissures  follow  horizontal 
The  strata  ;  sometimes  vertical,  or  oft  inclined ; 
But  ne'er  below  the  sandstone  they  descend  ; 
Those  yielding  greatest  quantities  of  ore, 


I 


1  j 


5. 


19     i 


190  BLACK    HAWK,    AND 

That  eastward  run  in  horizontal  lines. 

The  copper  ore's  position  13  tlie  same, 

Either  in  fissures  or  in  small  veins  lying, 

And  running  through  the  same  calcareous  rock. 

Large  fortunes  in  these  mines  have  been  acquired  j 

Much  money  has  been  sunk,  and  labor  lost, 

In  many  an  unsuccessful,  bold  attempt. 

Nought  ventured,  nothing  got,  a  proverb  is, 

Noted  in  every  miner's  glossary  ; 

Which,  in  prospecting,  tends  to  spur  him  on, 

In  which  enthusiastic  quite  he  is. 

At  mention  of  a  big  lead,  or  a  lode, 

His  eye  dilates,  and  brightens  up  with  joy. 

This  hopes  to  find  ;  and  if  he  should,  he  knows 

He's  sure  to  make  his  tortime  by  the  means. 

He  drives  his  pick,  and  brightens  oft  his  .«pade, 

While  through  top.earth,  fuiu  strata,  crevice:?, 

And  blasted  rock,  he  makes  laborious  way  ; 

Spurning  the  dangers  of  the  deop.sunk  shaft, 

And  hollow  cave,  with  ovcM-hanglng  earth. 

The  places  where  these  mines  are  worked,  are  called 

Diggings.     A  noted  singularity  their  names. 

A  man  there  dwelt,  who  kept  a  rhyming-mill, 

Infoi-med  me  he  collected  them  one  day, 

And  in  the  hopper  throwing  them,  out  cama 

The  following  list,  converted  into  verse  : 


XXVII. 


!l 


Hard  Scrabble,  Fair  Play,  Nip  and  Tuck,  and  Patch, 
With  Catholic  and  Whig,  and  Democrat  to  match ; 


ck. 
aired ; 


iWS 


de, 


ire  called 
1, 


nd  Patch, 
match ; 


SCENES    IN    THE    WE3T. 


191 


Blue  River,  Strawhorry,  and  Tloof  N'o;jjt1o  steep, 
And  Trespass,  and  Shako. Ra^r,  Ciav-flole  deep'; 
Beotown,  Hard  Times,  and  old  Ratl'losnake, 
Black.Leg,  Shinglo-Ridgo,  Balx']  and  Stake  ; 
Satan's  Light-Ifouse,  PinJiook  and  Dry-IJono, 
And  S\vindler*s.Ridgo,  with  hazlos  o'ergrowu  ; 
Buzzard's  Roost,  Injunction,  and  th«  Tvvo  Brothers, 
Snake.IIollow  Diggings,  Black-Jack,  Horse,  and  o'thers  ; 
As  Small. Pox,  Buncombe,  and  Peddlor's.Creok, 
And  Lower.Coon,  Stmnp.(?rovo,  and  Red-Dog  bleak ; 
Menominee,  Rat-Tail  Ridgo,  may  measure  out  "this  sonnet, 
With  BuU.Branch,  Uppor-Cuoii :  pour  no  curses  on  it  I 

XXVIII. 

O  ye  inhabitants  of  this  fair  land  ! 

To  range  the  wild,  romantic  field-!  deligljiing, 

Of  pleasure  in  this  nature's  wide  domain  f 

When  this  a  wilderness  to  ascertain, 

Inhabited  by  boasts  of  prey,  and  men 

More  fierce  than  they,  you  need  not  go  to  search 

Annals,  traditions  of  a  by-gone  race  • 

To  time  or  period  ilir  remote  go  back, 

The  glorious  epoch  to  determine  well, 

And  that  primeval  era,  when  first  dawned 

Civilization  on  this  pleasing  land 

Culture  commenced,  and  forests  first  began 
To  fall  beneath  the  ruddy  axe-man's  arm, 
Cities  and  towns  to  rise  up  in  their  room ; 
When  nurseries,  orchards,  cultivated  farms, 
And  architectural  domes  most  beautiful, 


H  • 


:)  5 


192  BLACK   SAWS,   AND 

Within,  without,  with  art  well  oruatnentcd, 

In  little  rising  hamlets  ot'thc  \Ve^t, 

Tiikin<5  Iho  place  of  wigwam,  auJ  the  ground 

Identical,  whore  stood  the  luUiau's  corn  ; 

Siill  seen  the  remnants  of  Ueserted  town. 

Nor  is  It  necdllil  that  yo  should  Lo  told    . 

Of  ancestors  here  settling  lirst  thid  land, 

Malving  it  truitful,  populous  for  you, 

And  giving  birthright,  patrimony  all. 

Xo!  no!  ye  bold  and  enterprising  men, 

Who  dared  to  Hy  in  fuco  of  regal  power. 

And  ahnost  set  the  universe  uu  iire, 

Def}  ing  every  bar  to  liberty  ; 

Yourselves  have  beea  the  actors  in  theso  scenes, 

The  architei.^ts  of  your  own  mighty  (libric, 

Reared  by  the  hands  of  human  indu-try. 

Your  children,  living  witnesses  of  all, 

Shall  tell  the  story  to  their  children-^  children, 

And  boast  illustrious  ancestors,  who  mudo 

The  wildernc^ss  and  solitary  place 

Alike  rejoice  and  blossom  as  the  ro.^e. 

The  trees  surrounding  their  secluded  mansions, 

In  sign  of  worship  wave  each  graceful  head. 

Ail  ornamental,  forth  in  singing  break. 

Bidding  a  long  adieu  to  eastern  friends, 

Tiiey  left  their  peacetid  cottages  for  aye. 

The  abodes  of  civilized  men  for  western  lauds. 

Awhile  to  endme  privations,  dangers,  toils. 

The  fertile  earth,  much  at  their  coming  moved, 

Gave  signs  of  gladness,  quickening  joyfully, 

And  multiplying  its  fruits  a  hundred-fold. 

For  their  subsistence ;  w  elcom©  in  the  land  ! 


■i 


i 


id 


lenes, 


sn. 


J. 


ids, 


iCS.NfiS   IN    Tii£    WEST. 


XXIX. 


103 


Yo  ruddy  cleavers  of  the  sylvan  soil, 

^^  I..  iHMv  nuMirnbcred  farms  with  ...  much  toil ; 
1  u^  luiul  .  uhfady  fit  io  pluufrh  „,k1  sow. 

^ithout  one  stroke  of  axe  or  gruhhin^  hoe  • 

For  not  a  stump  impedes,  and  „nf  a  h.H,..},    ' 

Not  e  en  a  root  to  Intercept  tho  ,,|ou,.h 

rhrlcc  happy  he !  the  future  .hepheni  here, 

Surrounded  by  his  numerous  fleecy  rn,v 

Shall  lead  them  forth  hesido  the  goMil.  n\U 

And  send  them  hleatfng  to  their  snnnv  hills.' 

H.S  broad  expansive  p|al„s  well  coveicd  o'er, 

W,th  safmte  herds  domestic,  bounteous  .tore  I 

tit  land  fur  grazing;  here  the  bison  fed, 

And  hea*  the  lordly  bull  «nco  shook  his  cu.lv  head  • 

r.  nuffalo  had  his  haunts;  huge  mam.noth  raised 

His  head  enormous,  unmolested  grazed 

Pemona  hero  begins  her  happy  reitrn,  ' 

And  smiling  Ceres  spreads  her  wavl„a  grain. 

Celestial  orbs  that  anitnate  the  skv !    ^ 

And  all  the  starry  hosts  that  roll  on  high  ' 

Here  you  fulfil  your  offices  divine  I 

Witness,  the  western  heavens  as  brigbtlv  shine 

Un  hnn  who  rears  a  cottage  on  the  phii,,, 

As  him  whose  mansion  bounds  the  rolling  main  f 

XXX, 

♦  ■ 

Let  those  who  will,  delight  in  scenes  of  bJood, 
Sack  and  o'erturn  whole  cities,  as  with  flood  • 

IT 


!  1 


'  I 


■  I  !  rN 


\i 


191  BLACK    HAWK,    AND 

Let  misers  thirst  for  gold,  and  anxious  weep, 
With  such  avidity  as  takes  their  sleep  : 
Perplexed  with  all  the  cares  tiic  public  brings, 
The  wealth,  the  honor,  and  the  pride  of  kings, 
Voliii)f.  .JUS  pleasure,  joy'^  excessive  pall  : 
Man  is  not  happy,  pride  must  have  its  fall. 
While  cheerful,  I  i)refer  a  country  life, 
Of  rural  joys  possessed,  and  lar  from  strife. 
To  that  of  being  penned  up  in  some  place. 
Or  city,  where  one  knows  not  e'en  the  face 
Of  his  next  neighl)or,  inmate  of  the  dome, 
Where  he,  himself,  resides,  and  calls  it  home. 
What  Ijetter,  then,  if  thou  surrounded  be. 
By  thousands  who  know  not,  care  not  for  thee  ? 
Can  the  bare  thoughts  of  these  thy  wants  supply, 
Pestilence  and  famine  help  thee  to  defy  1 
Vain  hope  !  prefer  the  coimtry  for  these  ends  ; 
Where  all  do  know  each  other,  and  are  friends. 

XXXI. 


!      ' 


i    Hi 


Wisconsin,  lovely  land  !  full  many  a  year. 
The  prime  of  my  best  days  have  I  spent  here  ; 
Have  traced  thy  history,  have  seen  thee  rise. 
Have  viewed  thy  every  change  with  hopeful  eyes ; 
Have  looked  upon  thee  with  a  look  of  love, 
And  for  thy  rising  glories  fondly  strove. 
Dear  unto  me  thy  illustrious  founders  are, 
And  each  illiistrious  first  proprietor. 

The  lonely,  wild,  and  pathless  forest  his. 
Who  braved  the  storms  of  lengthy  voyages; 


SCENES   IN    THE    WEST. 


195 


From  land,  remote,  who  could  themselves  deny, 

Dear  as  the  brethren  of  one  family. 

In  bold  contempt  e'en  life  itself  was  held  • 

r^^y  bared  their  breast,  to  scenes  romantic,  wild-^ 

lo  men  more  savage  than  the  beasts  of  God 

In  lands  unknown  before,  where  white  men  never  trod. 

An  enterprising  race  sprang  in  the  East  • 
he.r  souls   unfettered,  sought  the  boundl'ess  West 
hey  found  tho.r  way;  the  f>re.t,,,ieldy  fell; 

re  stoepLs  rose,  and  clanged  their  sounding  bell. 

Ih  appalhng  war-whoop  now  is  heard  no  more, 

In  all  the  length  ofMississippi  3  shore, 
^ar  west,  along  Missouri's  distant  flood 
In  bounds  allotted,  roves  the  man  of  blood. 

And  thou,  Milwaukee  city!  young  and  fair. 
And  full  of  life,  and  glee,  and  healthful  air  ' 
Dear  unto  me  thy  illustrious  founders'  names; 
And  each  bold  pioneer  upon  my  heart  has  claims. 
Sprung   ,ke  a  mushroom,  growing  in  one  day ; 
But  not  like  m.ishrooms  born  to  swift  decay 
I  thee  rejoicing  saw  in  infant  prime, 
And  thy  relapse  lamented  for  a  time. 

But  nowf  thee  behold  in  the  full  tide 

Of  rich  prosperity,  and  spreading  wide 

In  vigorous  youth,  thy  neat  and  simple 'domes, 

Thy  ornamental  mansions,  frugal  homes. 

What  towers  and  structures  thee  to  raise  is  given  ! 

What  temples  sacred  to  the  God  of  heaven ' 


'  il 


f-1 


II 


11 


'      ! 


196  BtACK   HAWK,  AND 

The  hum  of  city  life,  the  rattling  road, 

And  busy  bustle  stalking  all  abroad  ; 

Thus,  ancient  things  receding  fiom  our  view, 

All-changing  time  still  brings  us  something  new. 

Some  days  ago  here  none  but  red  men  trod, 

Employed  in  mirth,  or  strife,  and  paid  no  vows  to  God. 

Praise  to  the  generous  swains  that  guide  the  ploughs', 
And  tear  the  roots  that  bear  such  lofty  boughs. 
Here  they  may  live,  heirs  to  a  fruitfui  soil, 
And  reap  the  due  reward  of  every  toil. 
They  sow  the  fields,  and  plant  the  useful  maize ; 
In  the  wide  wood  the  laboring  oxen  graze. 
Wide  spread  the  fields,  the  yellow  harvests  glow, 
And  undernealh  their  bridges  rivers  tlow. 

Large  vessels  richly  laden  skim  the  lake, 

Spread  their  white  sails,  and  frequent  voyages  make , 

With  loads  of  itumigrants  the  chain  throughout, 

Ontario  Lake,  Chicago  ends  the  route. 

All  labors  here  are  new  beneath  the  sun. 

As  though  a  new  creation  had  begun. 

The  highway  opens,  mountains  sinking  down, 

Canals  and  turnpikes  lead  Into  the  town. 

The  new.raised  beacons  cast  a  glaring  light ; 
In  numbers  gild  the  stormy  face  of  night ; 
The  seaman  warn  to  keep  the  watery  wido, 
And  to  a  friendly  harbor  prove  his  guide. 
Mills,  factories-rise,  wherever  streamlets  flow ; 
On  harbors  good,  by  magic  cities  grow. 
A  new  republic  of  their  own  they  raise, 
A  sister  State  th*  united  bead  to  praise. 


\ 


8CBNES  IN  TB£  WS8T. 


197 


new. 


0W3  to  God. 

ic  ploughs', 
ghs. 


I 


mizo ; 


3  glow, 


gcs  make , 
;hout, 


)wn, 
flow; 


Ye  sons  of  labor !  leave  that  stony  shore  ! 

A  landless  poverty  bemoan  no  more  ! 

A  certain  tract  secure,  make  good  your  claim ; 

Here  rise  to  wealth,  to  honor,  and  to  fame  f 

Come  to  Wisconsin's  fair  and  lovely  land, 

Where  nature  spreads  abroad,  with  liberal  hand, 

Her  richest  prairies,  one  sweet  plain  of  flowers, 

With  intervening  groves,  and  beauteous,  happy  bowerg. 

XXXII, 

The  pursuing  army's  course  was  intercepted, 

Agreeably,  by  coming  oft  in  contact 

With  numerous  inland  lakes  that  here  abound, 

Transparent,  and  whose  waters  soft  and  tranquil, 

Abounding  in  the  trout  and  finny  tribes. 

By  any  other  lakes  are  not  surpassed. 

For  nature,  being  in  a  playful  mood, 

When  made  these  scenes,  did  not  forget  to  place 

A  chain  of  isolated  lakes  upon  their  route. 

To  beautity,  adorn,  and  crown  the  whole 

With  every  rural  charm  and  mead  enchanting; 

The  rich  savannas,  and  the  sylvan  scene, 

As  though  by  decorations  she  intended 

To  charm  the  hearts  of  this  pursuing  army, 

Compel  them  sweetly  to  imbibe  her  love. 

In  their  advance,  now  had  they  wound  their  wav 

Along  the  waters  of  hydraulic  Rock, 

The  gentle  south.flowing  stream  ascending  uj). 

Till  they  unto  Lake  Kosh.ko.nong  arrived ; 

Which  but  the  widening  of  this  river  is, 

17* 


I 


i! 


II 


m 

m 


m.'. 


I 


190  BLACK   BAWK,    ANO 

Into  a  most  romantic  inland  sea. 
It  seems,  when  nature  gave  the  river  birth, 
The  spring,  from  bottom  of  a  lake  rose  out 
Far  north.     The  hollow  cavity  soon  (illingi 
And  overflowing  its  bounds,  did  burst  away, 
As  if  to  seek  the  south,  a  milder  clime, 

Till  in  its  course  a  wider  basin  found, 
Encompassed  on  all  sides  by  hilly  ground; 

Stupendous  amphitheatre,  whose  shore 
Circumference  round  about  seven  leagues  or  more, 
#  Which  nature  had,  by  some  volition,  made, 

And  hollowed  out,  designing  here  a  lake. 
Supply  perpetual  filled  the  spacious  basin, 
Forming  an  inland  sea  most  beautiful, 
In  mi'  iature,  the  world  had  e'er  beheld. 
Then,  on  its  southern  border  breaking  out, 
To  water  that  contiguous  region  round, 
Its  course  pursues,  the  vale  meandering  through  ; 
Thence  seeks,  by  southern  course,  the  Mexic'  gulf. 
Through  waters  of  the  noble  Mississippi. 
The  pleasant  lake,  romantic  Kosh.ko.nong, 
A  name  interpreted  from  Indian  tongue, 
To  signify  the  lake  on  which  we  live ; 
Because  wild  rice  abounds,  which  Indians  eaU 
With  numerous  flocks  of  wild  fowl  it*  it  thronged  j 
Even  the  pelican  large,  and  basin.billed, 
A  visit  to  its  banks  doth  not  disdain. 
In  summer's  heat  resorted  to  for  bathing ; 
Winter,  a  joyful  place  of  recreation 
For  all  sleigh-riding,  and  skate-loving  youth ; 
Also  by  others,  who  delight  t'  ensnare 
The  luscious  fish,  to  furnish  their  repast. 


r  more) 


ougb; 
c'  gulf, 


M 


Bat. 
>nged ; 


^; 


SCENES  IN  THE   WEST. 


XXXIII. 


199 


Tho  crystal  bay,  to  all  before  unknown, 

Like  one  clear  sea  of  glass  before  them  shone. 

The  sun  displays  his  eve-beam,  as  of  old, 

And  gilds  its  banks  and  trees  with  burnished  gold, 

When  o'er  the  western  mountains  far  away, 

He  flings  upon  the  snowy  clouds  his  ray, 

A  glow  of  radiance  there  no  painter  can, 

Inimitable  by  the  works  of  man. 

There  was  no  note  of  sorrow  in  the  scene, 

The  earth,  the  air,  the  river,  all  serene. 

The  bugle  note  sent  up  its  loud  alarms ; 

The  sounding  trumpet  bade  them  cease  from  arms, 

While  it  resounded  through  the  plains  afar, 

And  told  to  peaceful  hill  and  dale  of  war. 

The  fife  and  hollow  drum  had  ceased  Iheir  sound ; 

Then  arms,  and  steeds,  and  baggage,  strewed  the  ground. 

Joy  laughed  around  ;  with  safiron  ether  glows  ; 

O'er  earth,  black  night  her  sable  mantle  throws; 

While  heaven's  blue  vault  ethereal  burns  above, 

With  twinkling  myriads  of  the  fires  of  Jove. 

The  weary  soldiers  gladsome  jr.y  them  down, 

Along  the  pleasant  lake,  a  ca.iii  ing.town ; 

The  sentinels  keep  their  watch  the  livelong  night; 

Their  steeds  the  herbage  crop  till  morning  light. 

XXXIV. 

Seven  miles  above,  upon  this  river's  bank, 
Atkinson  ordered  that  a  fort  should  rise ; 


'      M, 


'*>. 


1- 

ill 

■I 

'^1 

■1 

1 

1  h 

^9 

At- 

] 

Hi 

I 

Hll 

1 

'i 


BLACK   HAWK,  AND 

Against  the  northern  tribes  a  sure  defence  ; 

Built  on  high  ground,  and  to  his  honor  called 

Fort  Atkinson.     Moreo'er,  resolved  to  take 

Needful  precaution,  ordered  Colonel  Moore 

The  erection  of  two  more  to  superintend  ; 

One  on  Des  Plains,  the  other  on  Du  Page, 

Each  lying  south;  and  stationed  soldiers  there; 

Thus  did  discharge  the  duties  of  a  general. 

Proceeding  circumspectly  near  the  foe  ; 

Careful  to  leave  no  enemy  in  his  rear, 

Nor  possible  chance  for  one  there  to  arise. 

Having  despatched  two  generals.  Dodge  and  Henry, 

Great  numbers  of  the  army,  choice  dragoons, 

Mounted  on  fleetest  steeds,  in  hot  pursuit 

Of  foes  retreating  ;  waiting  not  to  sen 

The  fort's  completion,  but  there  leaving  troops 

To  finish  and  defend  it,  with  all  speed, 

With  the  main  army,  regular  troops  composing, 

Took  np  his  line  of  march,  and  hastened  on 

To  the  scene  of  conflict  on  the  battle.lield. 

Meanwhile,  Dodge,  Henry,  rapid  marrlies  tnndet 

Black  Hawk  in  order  to  o*ertake,  before 

Could  weary  cross  Wisconsin.     On  the  eve 

Of  July  twenty-first,  with  him  came  up, 

Upon  its  southern  bank,  the  Blue  Mounds  near, 

A  journey  made  that  day  of  forty  miles. 

The  Indians'  usual  method  of  attack. 

Is,  to  approach  their  f(jos  In  single  column. 

Or  Indian  file,  so  called,  direct  behind 

Some  shady  tree,  that  intervening  stands  ; 

80  keeping  range,  that  each  man  in  the  file, 


I 


8C£^£S    IN   THK    WEST. 

Is  from  the  enemy's  ken  completely  hid. 
When  they  have  cautious  thus,  and  without  noise, 
The  tree  reached,  by  the  colunm's  head,  the  rear 
Moves  round  to  front,  like  door  upon  its  liinge, 
Or  compass'  mov'ble  leg  ;  while  he,  the  van, 
Remains  the  stationary  pivot  of  the  rest. 
At  other  times,  on  having  thus  approached, 
A  regular  front  they  form,  by  whirling  off 
On  each  side,  cringing  low  behind  the  trees, 

xxxv, 

*Tis  at  this  juncture  that  they  raise  a  cry, 
Th'  appalling  war.whoop's  loud,  terrific  sound, 
At  first  to  frighten  and  astound  the  foe. 
This  was  their  manner  here.     In  several  files, 
Such  as  above  described,  behind  largo  trees, 
At  proper  distances  apart,  which  stood, 
Approached;  then  filing  off  to  right  and  left, 
Skulking  behind  contiguous  trees  around. 
In  prompt  obedience  to  their  chief's  command. 
Themselves  prepared  to  ope*  a  galling  fire 
Upon  the  more  advanced  of  their  pursuers. 
But  all  their  preparations,  shrewdness,  tact, 
And  signal  bravery  of  their  captain-general, 
Effectually  to  resist  the  bold  attacks 
Of  these  two  generals,  with  their  mounted  men, 
Were  vain  ;  in  every  quarter  were  defeated. 
Brave  Black  Hawk,  mounted  on  a  noble  steed. 
Armed  with  a  rifle,  battle.axe,  and  sword 
Dntwn  in  his  haudj  his  cavaliy  did  rally, 


901 


200 


BLACK    HAWK,  AND 


i 


And  at  their  head  did  make  a  desperate  charge 

On  them,  which  was  successfully  resisted. 

The  mounted  men,  their  valiant  generals,  too, 

In  service  of  their  country,  zeal  displayed. 

Encomiums,  and  the  highest  praise  deserving. 

Black  Hawk  himself,  and  all  his  warriors  brave, 

Defeated  were,  and  routed  ;  three-score  souls 

Lie  cold  in  death,  of  Black  Hawk's  valiant  band. 

Nought  but  the  troops,  fatigued  by  such  a  march, 

And  battle,  and  the  falling  of  dark  night, 

Preserved  the  foe  from  total  loss  of  all. 

They  crossed  Wisconsin,  to  an  isle  where  lay 

Their  families.     Instant,  Dodge  could  not  them  follow, 

For  want  of  boats  and  necessary  rafts. 

The  Indians  sorely  chafed  were  in  theii*  minds; 

Their  bodies  lean,  emaciate  had  become. 

For  lack  of  food.     They  seldom  have  on  hand 

Provisions  much,  and  what  they  had,  was  gone ; 

And,  for  subsistence  farther,  they  had  not ; 

Dependent  on  the  hunt,  and  killing  game. 

This  is,  at  best,  a  slim  and  poor  dependence, 

An  army  to  supply ;  especially  now, 

When  they  were  so  much  straightened  and  confined, 

Pursued  and  circumscribed  in  all  their  movementi. 

The  safety  of  their  persons,  too,  recjuired 

They  should  not  venture  out  from  their  main  camp, 

So  far  as  would  admit  of  hunting  food. 

Hence,  their  reliance  to  sustain  their  lives. 

Was  mainly  on  the  roots  and  bark  of  trees, 

And  flesh  of  steeds,  obliged  to  slay  and  eaL 

Black  Hawk,  beholding  th'  evil  'bout  to  coma 


I 


t 


SCENES   IN   THE    WEST. 

On  him,  and  his  devoted  army,  broken 

Ah-eady,  and  dismayed,  resolved,  at  once, 

To  leave  the  isle,  and  cross  Wisconsin  stream, 

Without  delay  make  his  retreat,  liowe'er 

Disastrous,  o'er  the  Mississippi.     Part 

His  troops  went  down  Wisconsin — fell  a  prey 

To  watchful  soldiers  stationed  on  the  banks. 

XXXVI, 

Meanwhile,  with  regular  army,  Atkinson, 
Precipitous,  by  a  journey  of  three  days, 
Fioni  Kosh-ko.uong  arrived  ;  determined  straight 
On  quick.constructed  rafts  to  cross  the  stream, 
And  by  forced  marches  overtake  the  foe  ; 
Although,  in  sultry  season,  now  the  troops, 
Worn  down,  were  much  exhausted  with  fatigue. 
Four  days,  and  all  things  ready  made,  the  troops, 
And  army  under  Atkinson's  command, 
Crossed  at  Helena— took  their  line  of  march 
Northwest ;  believing,  that  this  course  pursued. 
Would  lead  in  contact  with  the  Indian's  trail. 
Nor  were  they  disappointed  with  vain  hopes ; 
For  Atkinson,  perceiving  by  their  trail. 
Them  several  days  ahead,  which  would  require 
The  utmost  expedition  to  o'ertake. 
Before  they  could  the  Mississip       ross. 
That  he  might  give  them  on  its  eastern  side 
A  battle,  which  he  coveted  of  them, 
Determined  leaving  all  his  baggage-wagons. 
And  everything  his  progress  would  retard. 


203 


11 


«j 


1 11 


1  \ 


I  ;■ 


m 


Li  i 


4 
••I 


204  BLACK    HAWK,    AXD 

This  done,  by  speed  accelerate  he  advanced, 
Following  the  narrow,  beaten  track  they  made, 
And  on  their  rear-guard  gaining  rapidly. 

XXXVII. 

Between  "Wisconsin  Bluffs  and  Kickapoo, 
Through  which  the  troops  hy  this  retreat  were  led, 
A  hilly  country  lies,  of  mountain  range. 
Behold  !  no  sooner  did  tlioy  roach  the  top 
Of  one  high,  almost  perpendicular  liill, 
Than  they  descended  down  the  opp'site  side, 
By  a  declivity  as  steep  and  rare, 
Unto  another's  base  ;  while  narrow  vales 
Between,  were  filled  with  shallow,  muddy  water- 
Sometimes,  but  deep  ravines,  with  muddy  banks. 
In  these,  and  on  the  summits  of  the  hills, 
Tall  grew  the  forest-trees  of  heaviest  size, 
With  undergrowth  of  thorn  and  prickly  ash, 
Which  oft  in  spots  so  thickly  filled  the  ground, 
'Twas  difficult  for  men  to  clamber  up. 
This  hurried  and  fatiguing  march  o'er  such 
A  rugged  country,  so  replete  with  toil. 
Without  a  murmur  was  by  them  endured  ; 
For  it  could  not  be  said  their  souls  became 
Discouraged  by  the  way,  or  wished  return  ; 
But,  as  they  neared  the  foe,  increased  desire, 
And  ardor,  prompted  greater  efforts  still. 
Being  for  journey  long  in  better  plight, 
And  spirits,  too,  with  more  hilarity. 
More  bounteously  fed  and  clothed  withal, 


f 


SCENES    IN    THE    WEST. 

Than  their  dejected,  half-starved  Indian  f^jes, 
Continued  constantly  the  paining  ground, 
Out.travelling  them  by  sev(?ral  miles  each  day, 
Aa  plainly  by  encampments  did  appear. 

XXXVIII. 

Now,  from  these  cliffs  and  caverns  dark  emerging, 
The  prairie  spreads  its  rolling  billows  surging; 
The  sea-green,  grassy  billows  waving  high, 
Moved  by  the  gentle  zephyrs  of  the  sky, 
The  warrior  and  his  courser  tread  aeain. 
And  snuff  the  fragrance  of  the  flowery  plain; 
Knjoy  the  freshness  of  the  cooling  breeze. 
His  steed,  the  verdure  waving  round  his  knees, 
Essays  to  crop  ;  oft  catching  as  they  pass 
The  tempting  bait,  a  flower,  or  lock  of  grass. 


206 


\  i-fj-i 


■A  t 


r.  n 


XXXIX. 


VVHiile  Atkinson  and  army,  steadily, 

With  zeal  and  courage  fixed,  tlw  foe  pursue, 

We'll  take  the  freedom  to  digress  a  little, 

To  give  the  reader  more  account  succinct, 

Of  scenery  and  resources  of  the  country. 

O'er  which  this  late  retreat  was  so  conducted; 

And  of  its  present  state — by  whom  'tis  peopled, 

And  of  the  wondrous  change  has  here  been  wrought. 

Since  whites  possessed  and  claimed  it  for  their  home. 

Premising  what  we  say  applies  full  well 

To  Northern  Illinois,  Wisconsin,  too, 


ili 

I.  i  111 


,M 


n 


ri 


IS! 
Ill 


SOO  BLACK    HAWK,   AKD 

The  land  of  Gentle  Dove,  and  'Si-ar-nah. 

May  not  amiss  be,  also,  here  to  slate, 

Iowa  doth  resemble  this  good  land. 

Wisconsin,  from  its  river  chief  so  callcdi 

Was  under  territorial  law  ordained 

In  cighteen-lhirty.six»  and  organized; 

And  Dodgo  thereof  first  governor  was  appointed  t 

Pursuant  to  this  order,  Congress  gave 

A  Legislative  council,  and  the  House. 

Enacted  was  a  code  of  laws,  and  published  ; 

Courts  civil  instituted,  judges  made, 

And  oft''cers  of  the  peace  appointed  then. 

Justice  administered  to  every  class, 

And  good  observance  of  the  laws  maintained. 

Great  was  the  rancor  of  contending  parties  ; 

Of  litigation  following  seemed  no  end, 

Long  since  subsided  ;  harmony  now  prevails. 

Among  the  first  and  most  remarkable 

Of  causes  brought  before  tiiis  ni.'W  tribunal, 

The  trial  of  an  Indian  criminal  was  ; 

Tried  for  the  murder  of  a  pale-faced  man, 

Surveyor  on  Rock  river,  Burnett  called. 

He,  V  :>!  a  (  aptain  Clyinan,  was  exploring 

Tii.:  c.viintry  there — came  to  the  Indian's  camp, 

To  tarry  for  the  night,  as  oft  had  done  ; 

When  he  was  struck  by  him,  whose  trial  waits. 

Clyman's  right  arm  was  wounded  by  a  shot ; 

But  fortunate,  effected  his  escape, 

And,  by  a  journey  long,  through  wood  and  wild, 

Arrived  in  safety  at  Milwaukee  town 


■CENE8    IN    THE    WEST. 


307 


XL, 

His  crimo  to  justify,  tho  Indian  plr^ad, 
His  father  by  a  white  man  h;ui  been  sluin  ; 
That  it  became  a  binding  duty  on  liin), 

Inn)cri<)U3,  solemn,  not  to  be  di.  pt- nsod  with 

Due  to  his  tribe,  according  to  their  laws, 

And  to  his  sire  deceased,  to  avenge  his  death, 

By  shedding  of  the  blood  of  some  white  man, 

Which  could  not  bo  atoned  for  otherwise. 

His  duty  he  had  done,  was  satisfied. 

His  plea  v,'cighed  light,  and  sentence  passed  of  death  j 

But  afterwards,  was  granted  his  reprieve ; 

For  what  good  cause,  the  following  lines  will  show: 

For  lo  !  soon  after  this,  another  crime. 

Committed  ere  this  trial  came  to  close, 

Of  deeper  dye,  which  in  the  shade  this  cast. 

And  threw  a  gloom  of  melancholy  o'er 

The  inllint  village.     Milwaukee  becamo 

Too  soon  the  scene  of  tragical  events; 

Its  peaceful  streets  polluted  by  the  blood 

And  lifeless  body  of  a  murdered  Indian. 

Murdered  by  Indians  /  no !  by  two  white  men. 

Say  not  they'n;  men,  nor  so  disgrace  the  name  ; 

Call  not  such  monsters  of  the  human  form, 

Countenance  them  not,  nor  own  them  as  our  fellows. 

A  crime  committed  under  circumstances 

More  aggravated,  heinous  than  the  former  j 

Far  less  excusable  to  palliate. 

These  felons,  inmates  of  the  village  jail. 

Ne'er  had  a  trial  there,  but  were  let  loose. 


i,       !       V 


'08  BLACK    HAWK,    AND 

They  either  broke  thence  of  themselves,  or  found 

Secret  assistance  in  their  pronjj)t  escape, 

And  set  at  liberty  by  hands  unknown  ; 

To  be  the  fact,  the  latter  is  supposed. 

One  since  has  met  the  punishment  his  due, 

Hung  for  a  second  murder,  of  his  friend, 

So  rumor  says  ;  not  heard  from  yet  the  other. 


■ 


XLI. 


The  trial  of  the  Indian  followed  soon  ; 

Allowed,  by  all,  it  was  a  trial  fraught 

With  consequences  great ;  not  only  to  the  Indians, 

But  to  the  infant  State  just  rising  up. 

Rumor  had  said,  the  Indians  were  in  council 

Gathered  at  Ottawa,  five  hundred  strong. 

Threatening  attack  on  neighboring  villages  ; 

Milwaukee  and  Chicago  to  be  razed, 

When  prairie-grass  for  Indian  ponies  grew. 

Now,  many  people  entertained  their  fears. 

The  Indians,  stirred  to  anger  by  this  outrage. 

Would  ily  to  arms,  exterminate  the  whites, 

Milwaukee  and  the  country  round  it  lay. 

Junneau,  proprietor,  and  first  inhabitant, 

Wliose  knowledge  of  the  Indians  greater  was 

Than  other  men's,  consulted  was,  if  he 

Did  think  it  needfid  that  a  fort  should  rise, 

Milwaukee  'midst,  the  tribes  to  overawe. 

His  answer  was,  he  did  not  think  it  needful. 

No  troops  were  sent.     Some  blamed  him  much  for  this; 

The  soundness  of  his  judgment  time  has  proved. 


I 


SCENES    IN    THE    WEST. 


209 


)!•  found 


-» 


ler. 


1 

i 


■■  Indians, 
icil 


X. 


lg<^ 


was 


fill. 

inucli  for  this; 
>rovnd. 


As  white  men  puiliy  of  a  crime  more  flagrant, 

Had  been  released  unpunished,  it  did  seem 

No  more  than  right,  by  equitable  judgment, 

lie  should  escape  the  rigor  of  the  law  ; 

An  oti'set  just,  against  their  liberation. 

Indeed,  there  seemed  to  be  no  other  course 

Tlie  judges  could  pursue,  by  which  t'  evade 

The  charge  of  base  injustice  to  the  Indians, 

Reciiless  connivance  at  their  pcoph^'s  crimes. 

Sentence  of  death,  therefore,  to  execute, 

Far  would  it  be  from  giving  satisfaction 

'J'o  any  party ;  much  less  to  the  Indians  ; 

Who,  though  they'd  sold  their  lands,  were  in  the  country 

Still  in  possession  of  the  soil;  yet  more, 

According  to  the  articles  of  treaty. 

Two  years  to  come  were  privileged  to  remain  ; 

And  if  this  case  could  not  be  so  disposed  of, 

Witii  their  ideas  of  justice  to  accord, 

Ininucal  to  the  whites  they  might  become, 

And  cause  much  serious  trouV)l(;  and  alarm. 

Indeed,  the  sentiment  seemed  universal 

Throughout  the  territory,  that,  as  white  men 

Had  been  let  go,  or  sullered  to  escape 

Due  punishment,  for  similar  oftence. 

An  etjuitable  judgment  did  require 

The  prisoner's  prompt  release  ;  and  that  this  course 

A  needful  policy  had  now  become, 

In  order  to  conciliate  the  tribes. 

Their  favor  and  their  confidence  maintain. 

18* 


I    > 


i  t   !- 


\f 


i 


■! 
it 


SiO 


B4WK,  ASO 


XLn. 


Judge  F        ,  alone,  seemed  anxious  that  the  law 

In  all  its  penalties  severe  sfiould  fall 

On  one  devoted  head.     Much  zeal  displayed 

In  cause  so  sanguine ;  bc^thc  prisoner  doomed 

To  death.     iJut,  by  the  noble  clenicncy 

Of  Dodge,  was  pardoned,  to  the  satisfaction, 

As  Vk'c  believe,  of  every  human  else  ; 

And,  if  wc  be  permitted  thus  to  speak, 

And  venture  an  opinion  of  our  owrn, 

Our  excellent  governor  would,  in  point  of  tact, 

Civil  and  military,  veil  compare  with 

Great  Alfred!  who  the  way  has  led, 

On  princes  highest  honors  shed. 

Great  legislator !  wisest,  best, 

Of  old  a  pattern  for  the  rest ! 

In  law  a  great  reform  thou  mad^st ; 

Inhuman  customs  all  forbad'sl! 

First  in  that  early  barbarous  age. 

When  babbling  ignorance  passed  for  sage. 

Established  codes  of  common  law, 

Observed  till  now  with  fear  and  awe. 

The  same  undaunted  spirit  lead 

Our  counsellors  in  the  cause  they  plead  ; 

That  suffering  virtue  be  redressed, 

This  land  with  heavenly  influence  blessed. 

XLltl. 

To  this  judicious  and  prudential  measure. 
The  prisoner's  counsel  did  contribute,  Arnold. 


e  law 

i 
aed 


ct, 


>ld. 


SC1NE8  Ilf  TBS  WBBT. 

He,  as  a  means  prclimmary,  drew 

A  just  petition,  and  the  names  obtainedf 

And  signatures  of  citizens  great  numbeni 

Which  said  petition  to  the  governor  sent. 

Business  more  lively,  money  plenty,  motet 

Or  better  times,  than  in  Wjsconsin  now, 

Known  never  was.     Ne*er  did  the  mania  rage 

or  speculation  to  extreme  so  great. 

In  one  fair  summer's  epoch,  rose  the  town, 

Milwaukee  young,  four  hundred  edifices, 

New.built,  and  painted  ;  immigration's  dawn. 

The  business  speculations  of  the  day, 

Consisted  principally  in' future  towns, 

And  would-be  cities,  handsomely  portrayed 

On  paper.     These  locating,  selling  lots, 

Parcels  thereof,  to  whomsoe'er  would  buy. 

Already  occupied  in  fancy's  brain. 

More  worth  than  they  will  ever  be  again ; 

Who  each  improvement  in  the  future  saw, 

In  purchasing  and  vending  of  their  claims, 

Improvements  on  the  lands  of  government. 

The  country,  with  bank-notes  and  wild-cat  money, 

Was  inundated.     Then  the  public  lands 

W^ere  into  market  ushered.     Then,  O  death ! 

Death  to  the  hopes  of  many  a  speculator, 

And  greedy  occupant  of  public  lands  ! 

Jackson  his  specie  circular  had  sent  forth. 

Charging  receivers  of  the  public  moneys 

To  take  but  gold  and  silver  for  the  land — 

Bank  paper  was  but  rags,  a  thing  of  nought. 

Then  followed,  'mong  the  business-doing  men, 


Sll 


818  BLACK   BAWXt  AND 

Merchants,  and  capitalists,  such  great  depression, 
Distress  financial,  aa  had  not  been  linown 
In  this,  or  on«  preceding  generation. 
Then  cant)e  the  sale  ot'  land:?,  and  fortunate, 
Extremely',  those  who  had  the  means  to  buy. 
These  were  to  buy  the  claimants'  landi  permitted, 
At  price  but  minimum,  by  Congress  fixed ; 
Which  they,  according  to  arrangements  made. 
Previous  transferred  immediate  to  the  claimant 
For  double  sum,  W'ilh  interest  until  paid, 
Secured  by  mortgage  on  the  lands  thus  gold ; 
Doubling  their  money  thus  upon  the  spot. 
For  speculation  greater,  ne'er  was  chance, 
Embraced  by  all  whom  money  thus  enabled  ; 
Gladly  accepted  on  the  claimants'  part. 
During  first  sale,  which  several  weeks  did  last, 
Six  hundred  thousand  dollars  were  received 
At  one  land.oflice  in  Milwaukee  city. 
The  raging  of  the  mania,  farther  hear. 
As  in  the  following  stanzas  doth  appear  : 


XLIV. 


The  Wisconsin  (ever  I  for  oh,  I  did  never 
Witness  such  doings  before  ! 
The  people  run  mad,  or  what  was  as  bad, 
And  flocked  to  the  Michigan  shore. 


And  this  was  their  ditty,  O  Milwaukee  city, 
A  second  great  London  must  be  ! 
In  the  United  States  there  is  nothing  that  rates 
With  Milwaukee  city,  you'll  see. 


I 


SCENES  IN  TUB  WEST. 


218 


Speculation  high  i*an,  the  city  began, 

The  lots  for  ten  thousands  were  sold ; 

Great  London  was  founded,  nine  miles  surrounded, 

Each  foot  of  marsh  worth  as  much  gold. 

And  then  every  day  you  would  hear  them  say. 
Our  property  doubles  to-morrow  ; 
And  if  you  don't  buy,  you'll  exclaim,  with  a  sigh, 
I  missed  it  for  all,  to  my  sorrow. 

But  lots  soon  came  down  in  this  noble  town. 
From  thousands  to  fifties,  alas ! 
And  many  great  folks  bought  oxen  nnd  yokes. 
And  retired  to  their  furrows  of  grass. 

The  farmers  in  bands,  on  government  lands. 
Made  claims,  and  for  thousands  they  sold  ; 
Tlie  first  in  possession,  as  seemed  the  impression, 
Had  property  better  than  gold. 

But  the  times  are  now  changed,  and  all  is  deranged; 
They'd  happy  yet  happy  remain, 
If  the  title  to  lands,  now  placed  in  their  hands, 
Were  worth  but  as  much  as  a  claim. 

The  high.soulcd,  the  honest,  and  those  who  had  credit, 
With  funds  tliat  were  borrowed,  built  largo ; 
Soon  pay-day  came  round,  and  then  it  was  found 
They  could  not  answer  the  charge. 

A  war  with  the  banks  spread  throughout  all  ranks, 
And  blew  a  most  terrible  blast ; 


^i  W  i* 


i: 


214  BLACK  IIAWK>  AKD  SCfSMSS  XN  TUB  WEBT. 

The  merchants  loud  raving,  no  prospect  of  saving, 

And  all  went  to  ruui  at  last. 

Let  the  people  be  sober,  and  wisely  give  over 

Their  hatred,  their  malice,  and  pride, 

Their  wild  speculation,  and  seek  their  salvation, 

By  each  one's  securing  a  bride. 

Then  all  will  be  well,  and  the  aged  will  tell 
Their  generations  yet  to  come, 
The  evils  endured,  when  first  they  secured 
In  this  lone  desert  a  home. 

The  Milwaukee  town,  destined  fop  renown, 
In  all  her  grandeur  shall  rise  ; 
From  ten  thousand  domes  of  happiest  homes, 
Her  smokes  will  ascend  to  the  skies. 


EST. 

saving, 

cr 
ition, 

11 


BLACK  HAWK, 


AND 


SCENES  IN  THE  WEST. 


CANTO   V. 


f  T  II  E     A  R  G  U  M  E  N  T. 

A  farther  dpecription  of  Scenes  in  the  West — A  legend  of  the  Illinois  tribe 
of  Indians,  showing  in  what  manner  they  became  extinct. 


'    I 


This  country's  everywhere  supplied  with  rivers ; 

Several  of  these  a  southern  course  pursue, 

And  swell  the  tide  of  noble  Illinois, 

Which,  from  the  north,  runs  central  through  the  State 

That  bears  its  name.     And,  also,  with  this  stream, 

Canal  and  lake  conjoin  in  prospect  fair. 

Forming  an  iniobstructod  watery  road, 

Internal,  grand  communication  through, 

From  Gotham's  mart,  to  southern  town  Orleans  : 

St.  Louisi  central  city,  intervenes. 


«•   r 


lU 


What  scenes  we  know  not  once  did  pass  f 
For  blood  hath  flowed  upon  the  grasa, 


216  BLACK    HAWK,   AND 

Which  waves  upon  these  beauteous  plains 
From  d)  ing  men  aud  heroes'  veins ! 
And,  here,  we  tread  on  holy  ground, 
The  dust  of  unknown  millions  round  1 
Here,  mighty  nations  in  their  pride, 
Ambitious  lived,  lamented  died. 
So  say  the  walls  of  Aztulan, 
Replete  v,ith  ancient  works  of  man. 
So  speaks  the  monumental  mound, 
Time  could  not  level  to  the  ground. 
We  know  they  lived,  but  who,  or  what  ? 
Their  origin  and  end  forgot ! 


HI. 

O!  since  there  is  a  later  race, 

Of  which  we  can  some  history  trace, 

The  legend  we  will  here  relate. 

Which  shows  their  valor,  and  their  fate. 

For,  on  this  river's  eastern  shore. 

Once  dwelt  the  Illinois  of  yore, 

An  Indian  tribe  of  power  and  fame, 

From  whence  the  country  takes  its  name. 

Quite  small  in  numbers,  when  comparc^d 

With  northern  tribes,  with  whom  they  warred. 

Provoking  them,  incurred  (heir  hale, 

And  hence,  their  sovereign  doom  and  fate. 

Declare,  O  muse  !  the  signal  hour 

When  sprung  the  strife,  and  from  what  power! 

Encroaching  oft  upon  the  ground 

Where  Pottawatamies  abound. 


SCENES   X:*    THE   WEST. 


217 


Time  imrriRmorFal,  tho  \vav 

Had  lasted,  stainod  their  lands  with  gore. 

The  Pottawatamies,  at  leno-th. 

Enniged,  arose  in  all  their  strength, 

Prone  to  exterminate  that  race, 

The  puny  nation,  their  disgrace. 

A  general  council  now  they  call, 

Of  chiefs  and  warriors,  great  and  small; 

Their  place  of  rendezvous,  on  Fox, 

The  Illinois  there  interlocks, 

Upon  its  western  banks,  and  near 

Where  northern  bounds  of  toes  appear. 


'!  i1 


IV. 

Assenibled,  Zasli-u-on-a  rose, 
The  big-armed  chief,  in  whom  reposo 
The  cares  paternal  of  his  State, 
And  thus,  began  he  to  relate  : — 

Time  immemorial,  began 
This  Illinois,  periidions  clan, 
To  Interrupt  our  peaceful  haunts 
With  violence,  robbery,  and  taunts. 
This  we  have  sullered  long  and  bore, 
Still  do  they  insult  us  more  and  more. 
Enough!  'tis  time  to  break  their  bands, 
They  well  deserve  it  at  our  hands. 
I  first  advise  each  valiant  chief, 
With  chosen  troops,  in  bold  relief, 
A  single  band  for  each  and  nil, 


1 

*    '  i 

i    ! 

'■>  1 

it 

1     i 

f 
1 

,| 

(1/ 

1 

^ 

ffl  1 

i 

1 

■     !b  ! 

'       '»  1- 

;  11 

-  1  ■ 

1 

'tt: 

aiH  IH.AIU    HAWK,   ANU 


On  vilIii<M>  niii/'li'd  out  m1i!i1I  ("ill, 
l''nrli,  MiiMfiil),  «i|niii  llif  !!•<•, 
Ami  <Mit  llinii  nil"  jill  III  :>  Muw, 
'rims  uliiill  till-  iMijiiiiil  mill  (li<i|- i-ml, 


Ami  tlri'ils  nl'  ,"lnr\    ti «  ii 


ll<-llll. 


St»  spJiKc,  iiikI  Mil,  mnl  mMiih  «*  K'i.'iird  ; 
His  b|mmmIi  proHiiiiHMl  liiul  will  uldiilmij. 


N<'\f  l*i-n-st'-K:i  ti|t\\!u«]  ruse, 
Ami  rliiclJi*  rliicl'iii  llioii^lils  o|»|)t»s(» 
AtltlifN'^iii;^  •Ikis  (lie  cliii'l,  III'  s;iitl: 
"I'is  liiri'  lliiil   I  lliiti  lio.nv  lir;i.! 


Ofll 

n 


line  onitiMC 


Itiil,  wlicM  llic  Stall' 
iMjuiri's  mt'  lo  nililrrss  llii"  f.n'af, 
I'll  s|»('!ik  iiiv  si'liliiiiriils  !is  liiu', 
Anil  (lioii,  ()  chii'l'!    shall  li<'ar  il  too, 
Ami  ntiiiiscl  \\\'VV  \\  ill  iml  .s|»iirii, 
INIaii  iicvcr  is  loo  old  lo  Irani, 
Thru  hoar  \\\y  words  ;   il  u  ill  not  tlo — 
\Vo  MUisI  nuollu'i"  <'oiiisi'  |)Ui'  .111"  ; 
Thrco  thousand  waniois  \\r  nwx  rulsf, 
l'\)r  diM'ds  of  valor,  laslin<;  |>iiiis(', 
AsstMubling  in  one  hand  our  might, 
This  is  tlio  surest  way  lo  li;;hl. 
Then,  ono  l»y  onr,  uiiiird  slronjj;, 
Wo'U  swotij)  their  villa^^es  aloii«i; — ■ 


^urroumlinjj: 


kill 


Mi^,  liuiiiiiif;  all, 


And  wigwam  uftor  wigwutn  livl 


'J'ill  Mr  liilVi>  |)!iM4f.|  llicii-  HOfiiily  |(>filtrt, 
And  fini'-lifd  till  lo  »(vcr\vln'|iii. 

'rilUM  nIiIiII    Wr    |»l||<||HHn   ^ricil    irintwn 

Aim!  ^'Ioiv  III!  (tin  rdl.ils  rnivvii. 

'I'liis  i.H  llic  |(|iin  lliiil  1  lulviMji  ; 

,S|»(iiK,  flK.sc  «'X|M'ii«'ii(MMl,  l>niv(!  jind  \visr». 

A  jiiiiiii^'  iii(«'i<'(tMrs(i  Ix'HfiM, 

,S|M'C(|i  |i.||..uf(l  s|Hrr|i,  infill  ui'lv.v  in;iii, 

'J'ill  no  drrisioii  seemed  to  swiiy, 

Is  lliis  <tr  lii.il   the  |»e|(er  \v;iy  • 

WUWr  >iriM;iy  |,M)li.s  .'ind  words  wrvo  rifr, 

iVocliiinird  (lie  growiijn  ,,r(||,.  sliii;'. 


210 


».  I    11 


i    r  i 


vr, 

Tlir  Illinois  Avrrc  soon  ii()|>riz<Ml, 
'J'Ik*  |)IoI  their  eneiiiirs  devised. 
A  s\>y  liiid  soiiejit  their  council. hjil!  ; 
('(•ncealrd,  iind  oveihe}irin<i,-  all, 
ll;i(l  hastened  to  his  liihe  litrloiri  • 
Collcrtcd,  )iy  the  comiiijL,'  moiii, 
A  Imndred  warriors,  hasteniMl  l)a<'k, 
And  <tn  their  coimril  made,  adaric 
Uy  ni^ht,  and  laid  u  hmidn'd  dead, 
Hefori',  in  their  surprise,  they  lied  ; 
l'lx|)eclin«r  all  the  trilie  in  mass, 
II.ul  lidlen  on  them  iti  that  pass. 
'I'lie  s\)y  piirsned  them  all  that  ni<rlit, 
And  slew  a  hundred  m(»re  in  lli<dit. : 
'J'lu'n  f^atherin-j;  n|>  tht^  scalps  that  lay, 
On  his  return,  at  dawn  of  day. 


I 


1:1 


i  I,'  i  •  i! 


1^^ 


S'iO 


nLA("K    HAWK,    AND 

He  crossed  the  no])lc  lllonoy, 

Ill's  henrt  eltito  with  martial  joy, 

And  hifjh  l)ctoro  his  nation's  si<?ht, 

Held  up  tho  tropliirs  of  the  li-^ht. 

To  their  surprise,  the  nation's  boon  ; 

But  vengeance,  veng;.'ance,  lullowed  soon! 

VII. 

Who  was  this  spy  returned  with  joy  ? 

The  bravest  chief  of  lllenoy  ! 

O-na-we-fjuah,  in  l)attle  brave, 

Done  much  his  people's  lives  to  save. 

Ho  now  addressed  them  ;  l»rothers,  said, 

Dark  night  has  led  tho  dastards  dead. 

The  arm  of  Illinois  is  fate  ; 

His  enemy  has  felt  its  weii-ht. 

His  squaws  do  in  their  wigwams  mourn  ; 

Dark  is  the  path  of  his  return. 

But  fell  revenge  is  in  his  breast  ; 

Those  who  have  given  him  unrest. 

He'll  strive  to  slay,  a»id  us  destroy  ; 

But  ready  stands  the  lllenoy. 

He  knows  the  war-path,  and  he  goes 

Exultingly  to  meet  his  foes. 

The  rock  that  Manitou  has  given 

Is  close  at  hand,  and  high  to  heaven, 

From  whence  we'll  roll  upon  the  foo 

Destruction,  if  it  must  bo  so. 

\Vhat  say,  my  brothers  ?  O-na-'quah 

Has  spoke  ;  his  word  alone's  not  law. 


! 


SCKMJS    l.\    THK    WEST. 


221 


A  muriniir  of  approval  ran 
'i'lirough  all  thu  camp,  fVoin  man  to  man, 
Determined  lo  detend  their  ^noundd, 
'I'ill  death  should  soltle  other  bounds. 


VIII, 

While  they  their  safety  thus  contrived, 
The  rottawulamics  arrived; 
Close  on  their  track  had  Ibllowed  soon, 
And  lound  the  place  they  landed  on. 
The  shore  with  shouts  of  vengeance  runn- 
As  lightly  on  the  turf  they  sprung. 
These  they  dcc()y(Hl  in  a  ravine, 
Narrow,  where  nought  hut  rocks  were  seen  j 
Slu-rounding  them,  began  to  throw 
Arrows  and  stones  u\Hm  the  toe, 
From  high  iin|)enetrable  rock. 
While  in  the  deep  delile  they  Hock. 
Down  stones  and  arrows  fall  in  showers, 
And  driving  rock  their  strength  o'erpowers  ; 
They  sink  beneath  the  ilintv  rain. 
Two  hundred  warriors  lell  down  slain. 
Retreat  was  dilllcult  made  here, 
The  van  prevented  by  the  rear  ; 
I  ntil  destruction  vastly  great, 
Caused  all  their  ardor  to  abate  • 
Retreating,  crossed  the  lUenoy, 
And  left  the  tribes  they  would  destroy, 

19* 


n 


i 


ii 


III  »' 

!' 


222 


BLACK    HAWK,    AND 


IX. 


The  Pottawatamios,  ap[)allc(l, 
Another  cuuncil  (luickly  calUMl. 
Revenge!  and  rancor,  nithU^riS  sway, 
The  riilinj5  passions  of  tlie  day. 
Had  h)st  a  lirolher,  some  a  son, 
And  each  a  friend,  since  war  hojiun  ; 
Mnst  be  revenged  )ii)on  the  fot^ 
To  wipe  away  the  slain  ol'wo. 
Their  safety,  too,  was  all  at  stake, 
ITnlcss  they  signal  vengeance  take. 
To  spare  the  foe,  was  but  to  i'all 
Themselves,  and  yield  to  numbers  small. 
Then,  raising  all  their  force,  at  length, 
Three  thousand  warriors,  in  their  strength, 
Resolve  they  will  return  no  more. 
Till  lllenoy  is  steeped  in  gore  ; 
And  this  perlidious  nation  pay 
The  cost  of  such  a  bloody  I'ray. 


Pill 


Meantime,  the  Illinois  prepared 
To  meet  the  dreadful  storm  declared. 
Through  all  his  realm  the  chief  did  send, 
These  orders  on  his  words  attend  : 
O-na-we-quah  doth  send  to  call. 
From  every  village,  great  and  small. 
Commanding  that  there  none  remain. 
But  bring  their  corn,  and  stores,  and  grain, 


■ 


th, 


d, 


am, 


SCENES    l?r   THE    WEST. 

To  wliorc  tlieir  fons  of  lato  did  fall, 
Fortliwifh  u.ss(Mtd)liiig  with  thoir  all. 
'J'li(Mu;o,  as  tliey  trace  tho  river  down, 
'riicy'Jl  .se(i  a  rock  of  towering  crown, 
A  Iiimdrcd  ffct  above  the  stream, 
'J'hat  peaceful  by  its  base  doth  gleam. 
Obedient  to  their  leader's  call, 
They  near  the  place  assemble  all ; 
'I'wo  thousand  souls,  in  signal  hour, 
The  remnant  of  a  tribe  of  power, 
By  savage  warfiire  dwindled  down 
From  ancient  s|)lendor  and  renown; 
Jicfore  the  rock  of  refuge  stood, 
Their  subterfuge  from  men  of  blood. 
Provisions  on  its  top  they  laid. 
And  preparations  needfid  made, 
In  case  of  their  defeat,  to  stand 
A  siege  ngainst  a  stronger  band. 
()-na.we-(piah,  (he  people's  soul. 
Loft  some  ihe  passes  to  control ; 
'J'hen,  with  (he  rest,  he  made  his  way 
High  up  the  stream,  the  foe  at  bay, 
To  watch  their  motions,  and  annoy 
Their  Herce  descent  down  Illenoy. 
Concealing  all  his  trusty  ranks 
Behind  the  bushes  on  the  banks, 
Prei)ared  to  give  the  cautious  foe 
A  warm  reception  from  his  bow. 
He  hoped  them  to  decoy  on  shore. 
To  beat  them  where  he  did  before. 


md 


m      ;il 


■i    Ti 


!(/  I'! 


1 


■ 


m 


334  BLACK    HAWK,  ANP 

This  done,  he  saw  them  on  the  way, 
Descending  down  in  dread  array, 
In  several  hundred  Uiri;e  canoes, 
All  manned,  and  rowed  1)y  sava<,^e  crews. 
Aloof  they  kept,  away  they  bore, 
Till  they  beheld  men  on  the  shore  ; 
Then  came  to  land,  in  hopes  that  they 
Could  make  their  enemies  iheir  prey. 
But,  when  they  1()11()VV(m1  till  (hey  saw 
The  deep  ravine,  they  did  withdraw, 
And  turned  with  a  sarcastic  smile. 
From  entering  into  that  delile. 
They  would  not  follow  there  again. 
Because  th<;  banks  were  lined  with  men; 
Lest  they  should  meet  dt'feat,  yet  more, 
Be  forced  again  to  quit  the  shore. 
Embarking,  landed  hnver  down, 
Intending  to  attack  a  town  ; 
But  0.na.we-([uah  did  repair 
Unto  the  place,  and  met  them  there. 
Then,  cliief  to  chief,  and  hand  to  hand, 
They  fought,  and  struggled  up  the  laud. 

XI. 

The  Illinois  now  sought  the  wood. 
Defend  them  there,  they  better  could; 
Pursued  with  rage,  compelled  to  flee 
Before  the  Pottawatamie. 
Here,  keeping  from  the  sight  of  foes, 
Continued  well  to  ply  their  bows, 


BCE^-E3    IN   THE    WEST. 


And  springing  on  from  tree  to  tree, 
And  managing  most  skilfully, 


Slew  many 


ot'  th' 


ipi)roachiniv 


io 


es 


By  sudden  darts  and  furious  blow? 
They  scattered  in  the  forest  wide 


When  came  their  enemies 


beside 


They  bounded  on  them  close  in  fight, 
And  sealed  their  eyes  in  lasting  night. 
Sometimes,  by  mortal  stabs,  each  died, 
With  weapon  in  him,  side  by  side, 

plead, 


W 


both 


mutual  vengeance 
And  claim  the  glory  of  the  deed. 
The  Illinois,  in  battle  brave, 
Done  all  he  could  his  triljo  to  save  ; 
But,  over-matched  by  numerous  foes, 
Throe  times  his  number  to  oppose, 
Pursued  with  lierceness,  rage,  and  glee, 
Reduced  to  last  extremity, 
Compelled,  with  native  courage  bold, 
To  make  retreat  to  his  strong  hold. 
Knowing  the  paths  that  thither  led, 
Much  better  than  pursuers  did, 
Arrived  in  season  to  ascend 
The  rock  with  all  that  him  attend. 

XII. 


225 


The  foe  arrived,  and  in  surprise, 
Cast  up  the  towering  rock  their  eyes ; 
Where  they  beheld  a  darkening  Hue 
Along  its  summit,  high  entwine, 


h  ; 


220  BLACK    HAWK,   AND 

Figuros  ;  and  from  them  came  a  slioul 
Of  long  defiance,  round  about ; 
Which  echoed  and  re-echoed  round  ; 
The  adjacent  rocks  return  the  sound. 
The  water  round  it  mildly  gleams, 
The  sun  threw  out  his  evening  beams 
Upon  the  silent  hosts  there  lay, 
So  late  engaged  in  bloody  fray. 
Besiegers  sought,  throughout  the  night, 
To  find  a  passage  where  they  might 
Ascend  the  rock  and  scale  the  walls  ; 
The  eflbrt  vain,  and  them  appals, 
or  places  found,  there  was  one  dent, 
And  this  of  didicult  ascent, 
Which  led  to  perpendicular  shelf, 
That  one  must  pass  but  by  himself. 
Then  through  a  crevice  in  the  rock. 
Bare  one  admitting,  not  a  flock. 
And  this  was  strongly  fortified, 
High  up  along  the  mountain's  side  ; 
And  near  the  top  a  strong  defence, 
To  cast  invaders  down  from  thence. 

This  was  the  only  passage  found, 
All  perpendicular  else  around. 
Besiegers  make  attempts  to  storm 
This  castle  in  that  only  tbrm. 
And  now  begin  they  to  ascend  ; 
Deep  silence  on  their  steps  attend. 
In  single  file  each  followed  each, 
The  way  in  which  they  think  to  reach 


6CE>'ES    IN    THE    WEST. 

The  mount  above.     With  care  proceed  ; 

Then  clambering  up  as  they  have  need, 

Step  after  step,  the  rocky  steep, 

T'  avoid  in  dark  a  fatal  leap, 

Fast  holding  to  the  shrubs  that  grew 

In  rocky  crevices  in  vie\v, 

To  save  them  Irom  a  backward  foe, 

A  fall  into  the  deej)  below. 

Sometimes  assisting  some  the  rest, 

To  climb  a  higher  cliifor  crest, 

Until  at  length  they  gained  the  height, 

And  the  last  barrier  hove  in  sight, 

XIII. 

No  sound  above  upon  the  air, 

Did  indicate  they  knew  them  there. 

The  wary  leader  crept  along, 

In  breathless  silence  'fore  the  throng, 

Up  to  the  barricade,  to  see, 

And  raised  his  head  most  stealthfully 

Above  the  breast-work,  to  discern 

What  of  their  station  he  could  learn. 

The  last  sad  look  he  ever  gave, 

A  hatchet's  blow  his  fo reload  clave. 

A  horrid  war-cry  instant  rose, 

And  retribution  on  their  foes, 

Most  terrildo  in  high  degree. 

Did  follow  simultaneously. 

Down  fell  on  them,  like  thunder's  shock, 

A  ponderous,  huge,  and  jagged  rock, 


227 


is    .; 


IHi 


*    I 


228 


ULACK    HAWll,       -VD 


Which  swept  the  passage  where  they  lay, 
Aiul  followed  clown  llio  narrow  ^\■ay. 
Its  hiigenes-s  filled  the  oj)eninijf  made, 
And  the  whole  passaj^e  did  invade. 
The  narrow,  deep  delile,  or  glen, 
Wiiich  now  was  full  of  armed  men; 
And  gathering  force,  it  leaps  amain, 
And  thunders  down  upon  the  plain, 
Fast  crushing  out  the  lives  and  souls 
Of  all  before  it  as  it  rolls. 
Some  sought  to  fly,     A  dreadful  flight ! 
With  no  soft  couch  whereon  to  light ; 
Down,  headlong  down,  they  fled,  they  fled ; 
The  rock  Ijelow  received  them  dead, 
A  pause  ensued  ;  an  awful  pause  ! 
Then  rose  a  shout  of  wild  applause, 
And  joy,  upon  tne  midnight  air. 
From  those  from  death  delivered  there. 
Then  was  there  heard  the  dolefid  groan, 
The  mortal  sigh,  the  low-like  moan, 
Of  wounded,  suti'oriug  men  alloyed, 
Whose  lives  not  wholly  yet  destroyed. 
With  glee  they  cast  them  from  the  height ; 
And  when  arose  the  morn's  clear  light, 
It  shone  upon  a  hum.'ui  j)ile, 
Whose  end  was  dire,  and  glory  vile, 

XIV. 


The  grief  of  Illinois  grew  h?ss, 
His  soul  revived  by  such  success  ; 


SCENES    IN   TIIK    WEST. 


229 


Believed  the  Coo  would  now  retire, 
And  leave  liiin  to  his  heait's  desire. 
He  nuich  mistaken  was  in  this; 
The  toe,  convinced  their  liUure  bliss 
Destruction  of  their  foes  involved, 
To  pen  and  starve  them  here  resolved. 
The  Illi    lis  were  well  suj)|)lied 
With  food  ;  ne<^lecting  to  provide 
A  fount  of  water  at  the  first, 
Begun  to  suffer  much  from  thirst, 
And  set  about  them  to  devise 
Some  method  to  procure  supplies. 
On  this  depended  their  salvation, 
With  this,  impregnable  their  station. 
'J'hov  ropes  of  bark  tied  all  in  one, 
And  vessels  by  this  means  lei  down. 
To  draw  out  of  the  river's  brink, 
"What  they,  or  die,  must  have  to  drink. 
But  ah !  their  cruel  fijos  were  near ; 
No  water  could  ascend  them  here. 
Fast  as  the  cords  were  gently  lowered, 
They  cut  them  ofl' with  knife  or  sword ; 
Till  no  more  vessels  there  remained. 
Nor  drop  of  water  was  obtained. 
Now,  halt- way  down  the  rock  was  found 
A  belt  of  shrubbery  reaching  round  ; 
By  careful  clinging  fast  to  this, 
One  round  can  i)ass  and  view  th'  abyss. 
And  now  it  was  proposed,  that  one 
Should  in  the  calm  of  night  go  down, 

20 


*■     l!i 


^^  ^  P 


Sill 


230 


BLACK    HAWK,   AND 


I 


A-dhering  close  on  hands  and  kneeg. 
Descending  })y  the  shrubs  and  trees, 
Below,  enough  contrive  to  bring 
To  keep  from  instant  perishing. 
This,  by  a  chieftain  bold  and  young, 
His  song  of  death  uprising  sung  ; 
Who  volunteered,  'mid  sufferings  rite, 
Devoted,  at  the  risk  of  life, 
For  the  salvation  of  his  tribe, 
Attempted  was,  without  a  bribe. 

XV. 

Sometimes  holding  by  a  point. 
Where'er  the  craggy  rocks  disjoint ; 
Sometimes  letting  himself  down 
By  a  bending  cedar's  crown, 
Whose  roots  in  opening  chiidis  grew  fair, 
Arrived  at  length  where  rocks  grew  bare  ; 
Then,  looking  upward,  round  on  all, 
Thought  of  th'  ascent  and  downward  fall, 
And  consequences  that  involve 
This  great  and  dangerous  resolve. 
Resolved  his  journey  to  pursue, 
Firm  taking  hold  of  one  that  grew 
Above  the  rest ;  beneath  his  weight 
It  bent,  and  sv/ung  him  down  the  height. 
But  here  the  rock  was  smooth  efface. 
His  feet  could  find  no  resting-place  ; 
And  further  he  could  not  proceed, 
Return,  abandon  must  the  deed. 


1 


SCENES    IN    THE    WEST. 


231 


More  fast  to  his  support  doth  cling ; 
And  now  he  gave  an  upw.ird  spring— 
The  roots  did  crack  beneath  his  weight  • 
lie  ching  convulsively,  though  late. 
It  broke  quite  from  its  fastening  there ; 
Then  heard  a  shriek  of  wild  despair, 
And  solemn  plunge  in  deeps  below, 
Resounding  to  the  height  of  wo. 
For  those  above  had  watched  his  way 
In  breathless  silence,  listening  lay, 
The  shriek  perceived,  the  plunge  he  gave, 
And  knew  him  lifeless  on  the  wave. 
Despair  fell  on  them  as  in  storm ; 
Thirst,  with  his  pale  and  meager  form, 
Stalked  fiercely  round.     The  children  cried 
For  waler  first,  and  gasped  and  died. 
And  then  the  female,  and  less  strong, 
With  fevered  brain  and  swollen  tonjjue. 
Next  stindy  men,  and  chiefs  unblcst, 
Laid  down  in  their  last  sleep  to  rest ; 
Or  else,  with  language  uttering  nought, 
Or  sounds  uncouth,  with  misery  fraught, 
With  heaved  blood  and  lips  parched  dry, 
And  frenzied  wildness,  fiery  eye, 
In  madness  of  delirium  throw 
Themselves  into  the  deep  below. 


XVI. 

Still  left  were  those  who  watched  the  height. 
And  gates  and  walls  by  day  and  night. 


232  BLACK    HAWK,    AND 

Days  passed  :  thoir  numbers  lessened  more, 

A.nd  fell  to  ninety  and  three-score. 

These  liad  nut  lost  their  courage  all, 

And  ancient  glory  whence  their  I'all. 

True,  was  their  sun  of  bri<ihtness  shorn, 

And  «hone  not  on  them  as  in  morn 

Of  better  days,  in  early  bloom, 

When  foes  contronting  met  their  doom 

From  their  decrees  ;  and  wr.cn  ihtJ;  £.".Vf?i 

To  hospitality  the  brave, 

And  done  their  will.     15ut  still  they  seem 

In  glory  of  that  brightening  beam, 

Like  fallen  angels  from  their  height 

Of  heaven  supreme  ;  still  shining  bright ; 

Their  glory  but  eclipsed,     rflill  great, 

And  mighty  to  accomplish  late, 

All,  all  that  sutlering  men  could  need, 

To  stamp  with  glory  their  last  deed. 

Determined  to  go  down  below, 

With  what  remained  attack  the  foe. 

XVII. 


That  O-na.'quah,  beloved  chief. 
Was  still  alive,  was  some  relief, 
Although  his  sinewy  frame  and  strong, 
Emaciate  was,  through  su  He  ring  long  ; 
Yet  was  his  spirit  still  the  same, 
As  when  victoriously  he  came 
In  joyous  spring's  most  glorious  clime, 
From  fields  of  battle  in  his  prime — 


' 


SCENES    IN    THE    WEST. 

And  gathering  his  remaining  few, 
Dechired  the  course  he  would  pursue. 
Shall  Nve  stay  hjnger  pout  u[)  here, 
Like  women  warriors^,  slain  by  tear? 
Tiie  glory  of  our  tribe  is  gone  ! 
St'ok  we  existence  to  prolong? 
And  give,  to  our  avenging  toes, 
A  friuuiph  grealer  tiian  our  woes  ? 
Already  are  our  wariors  dead! 
Ik'iieath  this  turf  their  lowly  bed! 
Their  wonted  voices  cease  to  sound, 
(Jone  to  the  happy  liunting-ground ! 
Our  squaws  and  children  Ijuriod  since, 
High  on  this  rock  of  our  defence. 
W\\  vet  are  left !     \Vail  we  for  what  ? 
Shall  we  die  here,  and  be  tbrgot? 
^\'ilhout  one  noble  elfort,  wait 
Till  death  shall  come,  unbar  the  gate 
Of  our  strong  castle,  and  destroy 
AVhat  mortal  men  can  but  aimoy  ? 
And  let  in  on  us  co^^'ar(l  foes, 
Glad  witnesses  of  all  our  woes  ? 
Or,  shall  we  prove  unto  our  foe, 
That  vengeance  yet  is  ours,  though  slow  ? 
And  strength  unto  our  arms  belong, 
The  Illinois  in  death  is  strong/ 
Come,  let  lis  cut  our  way  through  hosts. 
And,  from  our  foes,  dismiss  the  ghosts; 
That  they  may  tell,  to  shades  below, 
They  fell  not  by  a  feeble  toe. 

20* 


233 


m 


234  BLACK    IIAWR,    AND 

Wo'll  slay  of  them  until  we're  dead ; 
And  then,  at  least,  it  shall  ho  said, 
We  passed  not  unrevenged  away, 
T»)  regions  of  immortal  day, 
With  any  fear,  or  marks  of  shame, 
To  blast  the  glory  of  our  name. 
Come  on  ;  the  war-cluh  we  will  wield ; 
Escape,  or  death,  shall  crown  the  field. 

XVIII. 

Approving  murmurs  on  the  air, 
Ran  round  the  little  circle  there. 
Each  seized  his  club,  and  eyed  the  gate 
Of  their  descent.     Some  fire,  though  late, 
Did  kindle  in  each  bosom  there, 
A  spark  to  save  thom  from  despair. 
The  chief  beheld  his  words  had  sway; 
An  omen  good — then  led  the  way. 
Down  went  the  renmant  of  a  race 
That  once  had  fame,  and  i)ride,  and  place 
'Mong  nations  mighty  of  the  earth  ; 
How  vain  their  ancient  power  and  worth ! 


XIX. 


Darkness  enveloped  mount  and  lawn, 
As  they  descended,  ere  the  dawn  ; 
Their  noise  astonished  much  the  foe. 
The  sentinels  watching  down  below. 


SCENES    IN    THE    WEST. 


285 


ii  11 


Thoy  heard  with  wonder,  gave  th'  alarm, 
Of  .soinethin;^  that  did  onion  harm  ; 
As  ghosts  of  those  they  timcied  lied, 
Were  coming  to  avenge  the  dead. 
But  onward  came  the  little  band, 
And,  in  a  moment,  hand  to  hand, 
Struggled  in  contlict  on  the  lawn, 
But  all  their  former  strength  seemed  gone. 
'I'heir  clubs  refused  th(!ir  work  to  do, 
Tiieir  blows  fell  feeble,  faint  and  tew; 
By  famine  weakened  .aid  depressed, 
I'lio  will  was  there,  but  not  the  rest. 
But  O-na-Vjuah  did  seem  alone 
Endued  with  prowess  not  his  own  ; 
And  wonderful,  the  astonished  foes 
Gave  way  before  his  sturdy  blows. 
His  arm  did  keep  the  foe  at  bay. 
And  opened  for  his  friends  a  way, 
In  which  they  followed  on  in  train  ; 
But  in  the  rear  they  fell  as  rain. 
Yet  onward  passed  the  mighty  chief, 
His  tijes'  aftVight,  his  friends'  relief; 
The  crowd  dividing,  breaking  through  ; 
His  friends  the  closing  path  pursue. 
Shouts  in  the  rear  disturb  the  air 
And  augur  there  was  carnage  there. 
But  sixteen  passed  secure  along 
The  dark  detilc  amidst  the  throng. 
Unto  the  shore  they  held  their  way, 
To  where  their  foes'  canoes  did  lay  ; 


I 


236  BLACK    HAWK,    AND 

Hard  pressed,  into  the  vessels  sprung, 

The  shore  with  imprecations  rung. 

All  but  the  chief  of  lUenoy; 

Who,  turning  to  his  friends  in  joy, 

Now  seated  in  their  foes'  canoes, 

Haste  and  anxiety  profuse  ; 

Fly,  followers  ye  of  O-na-Npui' ! 

Make  sure  your  safety  while  you  may ! 

0-na-'(iuah  needs  your  aid  no  more  ! 

Down  stream  ply  every  useful  oar  ! 

Co!  he  repeated,  as  he  saw 

Them  wait,  and  call  for  O-na-'quah. 

Go !  leave  me,  leave  me,  on  the  shore  ! 

Our  tribe,  our  naiicjn,  is  no  more  ! 

Life  is  not  needful  hence  to  me  ; 

Nor  do  1  longer  wish  to  be  ! 

IVIy  cruel  foes  I  now  defy  ; 

I'll  stay,  and  with  my  kindred  die  ! 

Live  ye,  the  wotid  tale  to  tell, 

How  much  we  sullered,  how  we  fell  ! 

They  seized  their  paddles,  cut  the  tide. 

Before  their  prows  the  waves  divide. 

He,  like  a  lion,  stood  at  })ay, 
His  foes  around  in  dread  array  ; 
None  dared  approach,  for  fear  of  harm, 
In  reach  of  his  uplifted  arm. 
Reproached  them  thus,  with  bitter  taunts, 
For  having  so  disturbed  his  luuuits  : 


SCENES    IN    THE    WEST. 


237 


► 


Ye  cowards,  dastards-,  as  ye  are  ! 
Roincmber  how,  in  battles  fair, 
Mow  oft  we  liavo  defeated  you, 
When  you  had  hundreds,  we  but  few  ; 
And  caused  your  bravest  chiefs  to  die, 
And  turned  your  boasted  victory 
'J'o  slaughter  and  promiscuous  flight, 
Your  1)rightest  day  to  sudden  night. 
Come  singly  on,  and  you  shall  know 
I  make  no  flight  from  such  a  foe. 
Yoiu'  l)ravest  shall  before  me  lie, 
A  des|)erate  eflbrt  ere  1  die. 
At  length  a  chief  in  prime  of  youth, 
I^'ovokcd  by  jeers  of  so  much  truth, 
With  hatchet  raised  above  his  head. 
To  strike  his  tribe's  reviler  dead, 
Kan  fiercely  u[)  ;  loud  clamors  rung, 
O-na-wc-cjuah  upon  him  s,  •■  ig 
Like  lion  fierce,  and  bore  him  dovv'n  ; 
Then  seized  his  hair,  and  dofled  his  crown, 
As  tigers  seize  upon  their  prey, 
While  on  the  earth  beneath  he  lay. 
That  moment  was  his  foe's  lonjr  knife 
Sheathed  in  the  vitals  of  his  life, 
^Vhile  underneath  unslain  he  lay, 
Although  his  crown  was  torn  away. 
He  held  the  scalp  on  high  meanwhile, 
And  viewed  it  with  disdainful  smile  ; 
'J'hcn  feeling  death,  no  more  ho  said, 
I>iit  fell,  and  earth  received  him  dead. 


. » 11 


■  ^;- 


238  BtACK   HAWK,    AND    SCENES    IN    TIIH    WEST. 

Bolow  St.  Louis  fled  the  rest, 
Wed  with  some  other  tribe  more  blest ; 
And  thus  the  tribe  extinct  became, 
The  country  still  retains  the  name. 
They  live  in  legend  and  in  song ; 
Will  over  fame  like  this  belong 
To  those  who  peaceful  live  and  die, 
Their  only  hope  be}  ond  the  sky  1 
Nay  !  but  a  praise  of  nobler  birth, 
And  tlir  above  the  feuds  of  earth— 
A  higher,  nobler,  sweeter  song,, 
Their  immortality  prolong, 
Round  happy  heaven's  enduring  throne, 
Too  great  ibr  language  to  make  known. 


BLACK  HAWK, 


AND 


SCENES  IN  THE  WEST. 


CANTO    VI. 


THE     ARGUMENT. 


A  fnrther  description  of  the  countr>' — Mapsncre  of  Chicngo — In  prnise  of 
the  Woslern  Pioneer — His  situation,  recreations,  and  hunting  excursions 
def-cribed — Society  in  its  origin,  and  the  nature  of  his  title  to  the  public 
domain  illustrated — Battle  of  the  Missij^sippi,  and  total  defeat  of  Black 
Hawk — His  army's  disastrous  voyage  across  the  river — lie  is  taken  pris- 
oner, and  conducted  to  the  capital  city — Makes  a  tour  ihrourrh  the  United 
Plates,  and  is  shown  their  great  strength — He  returns  unto  his  own  land, 
and  dies  in  peace — Great  lamentation  is  made  over  him,  and  he  is  hon- 
ored above  all  the  generations  of  his  people  with  the  high  prerogative  of 
everlasting  remembrance. 


X. 


Chicago,  with  her  piers,  and  walls,  and  domes, 

And  spacious  edifices,  high.built  homes, 

And  towers,  the  retinue  of  city  lite, 

All  arts,  professions,  occupations  rife. 

And  houses  of  resort  for  multitude, 

The  peasant,  tourist,  learned,  and  seclude ; 


>.^i  .  .alim»iUi*mh.,- 


ir 


2  40  BLACK    HAWK,    AND 

Hor  solemn  tomplos,  that  in  grandeur  vio 
With  decorations  sacred,  spires  on  high  ; 
Assemblies  solemn,  literati,  too, 
With  all  that  every  sacred  right  pursue  ; 
Critics,  and  editors,  and  authors  just, 
Those  led  by  sordid  avarice,  pride,  or  lust, 
Ambition,  love  of  riches,  place  and  name. 
Exalt  themselves,  while  others  they  defame  ; 
Her  beauteous  beaus  and  belles  in  rich  nttlro, 
All  sights  and  sounds  to  glad  the  heart  conspire, 
Was  once  the  land  ol  dire  aiVray  and  blood, 
Along  Lake  Mich'gan's  green,  unstable  Hood! 
New.built  Chicago,  fated  thus  of  yore, 
The  grand  metropolis  of  this  western  shore. 

'   Up      • 

For  here  a  woful  scene  was  laid, 
Which  cast  all  others  in  the  shade  ; 
While  Hull  surrendered  up  his  van. 
And  wrought  the  fall  of  Michigan, 
Sad  scenes  to  be  retnemberedlong, 
And  history  fit  for  tragic  ;^ong. 
Town  from  the  river  takes  its  Jiame, 
The  river's  from  a  chlefuiin  came  ; 
Some  say  from  native  onions  wild, 
Which  grew  along  its  current  mild. 
In  by-gone  years,  less  than  three-score, 
A  1^'rt  was  built  upon  this  shore, 
And  manned  by  fifty  troops  of  ours. 
Defence  against  the  savage  powers, 


8CENKS   IX  THE   WEST. 

In  time  of  peace,  when  all  went  well. 
The  Pottawatarnies  hero  dwell, 
O'erriin  the  country  and  the  town, 
Quite  lawless,  ranging  up  and  down  ; 
A  numerous  race,  with  other  tribes, 
Received  Tecumsch's  English  bribes. 
Fought  Harmar,  Wayne,  and  sage  St.  Clair, 
With  shouts  of  blood  and  carnage  there ; 
Red  from  the  ground  ot'  Tipp'canoe, 
Vengeance  for  slaughtered  ehiels  in  view. 
Few  other  families  here  reside, 
Shut  out  from  all  the  world  beside  ; 
No  place  of  safety  could  they  reach, 
Or  go  beyond  the  sandy  beach, 
Except  by  Indian  trails  each  way, 
Through  deserts  where  the  savage  lay. 
Nor  yet,  by  sea  a  passage  saw. 
Since  late  the  fall  of  Mackinaw, 
When  England's  trident  proudly  waved 
O'er  tb**.*.  .vide  lake  their  borders  laved.  • 


III. 

An  Indian  chief,  in  August  of  that  year, 
Tall  Winnemeg,  of  Pottawatamie  tribe, 
Despatches  brought  from  Hull,  in  high  command, 
To  Heald,  connnander  of  Chicago's  fort, 
His  senior  off'cer  thus  instructing  him 
The  place  to  leave  could  it  be  sately  done, 
And  to  Fort  Wayne  repair,  on  Mauinee  lying, 
liigh  up,  and  near  its  source  ;;  in  which  event, 

21 


241 


242 


BLACK  IIATV-S,   AND 


All  goods,  provisions,  public  properly, 

Should  be  distributed  among  the  triboi 

Of  neighboring  Indians,  them  to  pacify. 

Delivering  prompt  his  message,  Wiunemcg 

Stated  to  Captain  Heald  that  he  well  knew 

The  purport  of  the  writings  he  had  brought ; 

Urged  well  the  policy  of  his  remaining, 

With  ammunition,  arms,  provisions,  stores, 

So  well  supi)lied  to  stand  a  lengthy  sicgo. 

Ilowe'er,  in  case  he  would  depart  at  risk, 

He  urged  on  him  the  great  necessity 

Of  his  departure  thence  immediately, 

Before  the  foe,  whose  country  they  must  pas.'^, 

Yet  ignorant  of  the  message  he  had  brought, 

Could  raise  a  force  sufticient  to  oppo  e  them. 

This  counsel,  though  'twas  faithlidly  given,  was  not 

Sufliciently  regarded  by  the  olT'cer, 

Who  said,  he  should  the  Ibrt  evacuate. 

But  not  immediately,  because  of  orders 

To  2ive  the  iuil>lic  stores  unto  the  tribes  ; 

Till  he  the  neighboring  Indians  had  collected, 

And  equitable  distribution  made, 

Could  not  feel  justified  in  leaving  here — 

A  scrupulous  honesty,  when  death  so  near ! 

But,  the  necessity  of  marching  out, 

And  leaving  everything  just  as  it  stood, 

Sujigested  Winnemeg.     "For  then,"  said  he, 

"While  th'  Indians  are  dividing  of  the  spoils. 

Made  drunken  by  the  liquor  they  have  found, 

You  will  be  able  to  eilect  retreat." 

Also,  this  good  advice  unheeded  fell. 


SCENES   IN  THE   WKST. 


Early  next  morn,  while  on  parade*  was  read 
The  orders  to  evacuate  the  fort. 


243 


IV, 

The  junior  off'cers  he  had  not  consulted, 

In  such  emergency  as  well  becomes, 

Because  a  coolness  did  exist  between  them. 

Not  known  the  cause,  nor  is  it  needful  now. 

The  ensign  and  lieutenant  waited  on  him, 

And,  learning  his  intentions  more  at  length, 

Against  them  did  remonstrate.     We  do  not, 

.Said  they,  believe  our  troops  can  pass  in  safely 

The  Pottawatamie  country  to  Fort  Wayne. 

Although  their  chiefs,  a  part,  were  some  opposed 

To  an  attack  upon  us  in  the  autunni, 

Vet,  they  were  moved  by  j)rivate,  friendly  motives, 

Towards  individual  whites  they  much  respected  ; 

Not  the  Americans  at  large  regard. 

Id  the  excited  state  they  now  are  in, 

We  camiot  deem  those  friendly  chiefs  have  power 

Their  warriors  to  restrain,  or  pacity, 

Or  influence  tribes  for  vengeance  thirsting  now. 

Besides,  said  they,  our  march  must  be  but  slow ; 

Our  children,  wives  must  go ;  our  troops  are  few, 

Some  invalids,  and  superannuated. 

Discretionary  as  your  orders  are. 

We  think  we'd  Ijetter  fortify  ourselves 

As  strong  as  possible,  and  here  remain. 

Succor  may  reach  us  ere  we  are  attacked. 

From  Mackina  ;  and,  should  this  come  to  paii, 


/ 


ni^Mi 


S44 


BLACK  lIAWKf  AND 


Unto  the  English  we  had  better  fall, 

Than  yield  as  victims  to  a  savage  foe. 

To  this  replied  lie,  we  aie  quite  too  few 

To  stand  the  Indians  ;  said  he  should  be  censured, 

Should  he  continue  in  the  guriison, 
When  safe  retreat  apparent  seemed  to  him. 
.    He,  therefore,  deemed  it  still  advisable 

The  Indians  to  assemble,  and  distribute 

The  public  stores — an  escort  ask  of  them, 

With  promise  that  a  large  reward  be  paid, 

On  safe  arrival ;  adding,  that  he  had 

In  th'  Indians'  friendship,  perfect  confidence ; 

From  whom,  tbrsooth,  the  full  of  Mackina 

Had  been  concealed,  and  which  they  yet  knew  not. 


The  junior  ofTcers,  after  this  reproof, 

From  their  selt'swayed  commander  stood  aloof; 

Considering  his  designs  approaching  iiiadnesa, 

But  little  said  that  savored  not  of  sadness; 

And  murmuring  there  pervaded  much  the  ground, 

Disunion  menaced,  discord  stalked  around  ; 

Soldiers,  subalterns,  waked  to  discontent, 

Daring  from  their  superiors  to  dissent. 

Meanwhile,  the  savages  surround  the  camp. 

Reveal  their  anger  in  the  furious  stamp; 

And  singly  entered  oft  the  fort,  defying 

The  sentinels,  who  their  entrance  stood  denying ; 

And  without  ceremony  make  their  way 

To  those  apartments  where  the  captain  lay. 


ed, 


not. 


nd) 


ng; 


0CENE8  i:f  THE  WEST. 

For  ere  this  lime  an  Indian  runner  sought 
Their  camp,  a  message  from  Tecumseh  brought, 
Infonning  them  of  Mackina's  defeat, 
That  Hull  from  Canada  had  made  retreat ; 
To  Indians  news  most  glorious,  said  he, 
Arm  for  the  war,  and  strike  immediately. 
Yotj'll  see  surrender  Hull  and  army  all, 
And  \vc  shall  reap  a  harvest  in  their  fall. 

More  and  more  hold,  and  troublesome  became 
The  Indians  now,  whose  ire  began  to  flame. 
One  in  Heald's  parlor  ran,  took  up  a  gun, 
And  tired  it  oft",  pretending  nought  but  fun. 
*Twas  thought  to  be  the  signal  of  attack, 
The  aged  chiefs  and  squaws  walked  forth  and  back 
Among  tiie  groups,  meantime  assembled  round; 
Appeared  much  agitated,  eyed  the  ground 
With  looks  of  sorrow,  tears  unon  descending, 
As  though  some  great  calamity  im[iending; 
For  some,  by  kindness  from  the  whites  received| 
Were  friendly,  and  at  their  destruction  grieved  ; 
Could  not  the  fury  of  the  rest  restrain, 
Impelled  by  vengeance  for  their  kindred  slain 
At  Tipp'canoe,  and  hopes  of  gain  immense, 
And  thirst  for  whiskey,  which  became  intense  j 
For  plenty  had  the  garrison  in  store, 
And  this  ihoy  knew,  desired  their  death  the  more. 
Howe'er,  no  movements  hostile  more  display, 
And,  without  bloodshed,  passed  another  day. 

21* 


845 


■  ■    • 

But  yet,  each  inmate  here  retired  to  rest— 

Ah,  terrible  suspense !    Oh,  souls  imWest ! 

Expecting  to  be  roused  from  where  they  lay, 

To  tragic  scenes  before  the  dawn  of  day  ; 

Till  clear  bright  morn,  appearing,  lent  them  breath ; 

Yet,  was  it  viewed  a  prelude  to  their  death! 


VII. 

Yet,  80  infatuated  was  their  leader. 

That  he  supposed  the  savage  to  appease, 

And  lead  his  little  band  in  safety  forth. 

While  more  and  more  aj)parpnt  it  became 

To  others,  that  the  hope  was  truly  vain. 

From  villages  adjacent  now  arrived 

The  Indians,  and  a  council  held,  at  which, 

Save  Heakl,  the  captain,  no  white  man  approached. 

Having  been  warned  of  massacre  intended, 

Which  they  him  told,  he  said  they  must  attend 

The  council.hall.     They  gave  a  prompt  refusal, 

And,  when  he  sought  the  council,  they  repaired 

Unto  the  blocU.houso  which  it  overlooks  ; 

Opening  the  port.holes,  pointed  caniiun  there, 

And  saved  themselves  from  massacre  that  day. 

H(«ald  told  the  Indians  that  he  would,  next  day, 

Distribute  'mong  them  all  the  factory  goods. 

Provisions,  ammunition,  and  siipplies  ; 

Desired  of  them  an  escort  to  Fort  Wayne, 

Promised  a  great  reward  on  getting  there. 

The  Indians  friendship  most  sincere  professed, 

And  promised  everything  which  he  required. 


acE^tEs  i:r  tub  WEir.  247 

The  council  was  no  sooner  hrokcn  up, 

The  tone  of  feeling  that  pervaded  t^aw 

Many,  and  waited  t)n  Heald  in  disclose 

Opinions,  and  to  ope'  his  eyes,  could  they, 

Ills  true  condition  and  their  own  to  see. 

'Twas  wron<jf  to  fln-nish  Indians  thus  with  arms. 

For  uso  against  themselves  ;  e'en  Captain  lleald 

Could  not  approve  on  Ijetter  counsel  heard. 

So  he  resolved,  without  the  least  advice. 

Not  heeding  his  agreeniont  with  the  Indians, 

That  he'd  destroy  the  aruis  and  ammunition, 

Except  what  for  immediate  ti:;e  was  needed. 

Next  day  distributed  were  all  the  goods  ; 

When  eve  had  come,  the  anmiunition,  guns, 

In  sally-port,  were  thrown  Into  a  well ; 

The  liquor  carried  through  the  southern  gate, 

Thence  borne  in  silence  to  the  river's  brink. 

The  heads  of  barrels  knocked  in,  and  their  contents 

Discharged  to  mingle  with  Chicago's  flood. 

Indians,  suspecting,  watched  the  fort  so  near, 

Perceived  and  witnessed  everything  that  passed. 


vm. 


Next  day  the  gloom  was  for  a  while  dispelled, 

By  Captain  Wells'  arrival  with  a  band 

Of  fifteen  friendly  Indians— son  of  Wells, 

A  general  much  distinguished  in  Kentucky 

He,  when  a  child,  was  ta'cn,  and  carried  ef:* 

By  Indians,  and  adopted  as  a  son. 

Brought  up  and  lived  among  them  many  years, 


248  BLACK    HAWK,  AND 

In  family  of  a  chiof,  th.«  Little  Tuitlc, 

A  chioftaln  famt'cl  ^iiicc  days  of  Poulinc, 

Commanded  Indians  at  St.  Clair's  defeat, 

And  ho  who  poured  destruction  'monf;  their  ranks, 

When  Wells,  l)ut  second,  held  an  honored  post. 

He  left  the  Indian  ranks  li)r  better  can.-e, 

When  he  by  stealtii  the  laws  of  whites  had  learned. 

The  wile  of  Ileald  was,  too,  his  near  relation  ; 

Ileariiif?  the  dan<;er  that  his  friends  wore  in, 

That  rashly  Ileald  did  i»a/ard  so  their  safety, 

Came  tiiere  to  save  iheni,  <»r  their  fite  to  share. 

Too  late  he  came  to  save,  i'or  hMrnini;  soon 

The  ammunition  and  supplies  destroyed, 

Or  given  away,  saw  no  alternative, 

Prepared  by  m  )rrow's  sun  the  march  to  join. 

Before  the  king  of  day  went  down  to  rest, 

W^as  held  another  council,  where  expressed 

The  Indians  th(>ir  resentment  in  strong  terms, 

For  hjss  of  licpior,  arujs,  and  tuiHuunition — 

A  violation  of  good  failh,  said  they, 

Terms  of  the  treaty  not  fiillilled  as  promised  ; 

Had  seen  the  barrels  broken,  spirits  spilled, 

And  tasted  of  the  river-grog  next  morn. 

Murmms  and  threats  through  all  the  council  ran. 

Black  Hawk,  in  his  allusion  to  this  thing, 

Says  : — Had  the  whiles  but  kept  iheii  promises, 

No  blood  on  this  occasion  Ir.id  been  shed. 

A  chief  of  some  renown,  I'lack  Partridge  was; 

^     aiefthat  favored  much  the  white  man's  cause. 

But  savage  anger  he  could  not  allay, 

Wlien  provocation  had  their  vengeance  roused. 

Soon  as  the  council  had  adjourned,  he  came 


BCKNrs    IN    TIIF.    WKST. 


249 


«, 


rnod. 


To  IlcaUl,  and  taking  ofV  !i  incdol,  worn 
I/on<;  time  in  IViciulsliip,  rathor,  said,  I  come 
To  give  you  up  the  modal  whicli  you  gave, 
Long  worn  l>y  mo  in  tokon  of  our  friendship. 
Our  yoiuig  mon  are  resolved  to  imhrue  their  hands 
In  l)h)od,     I  can't  restrain  thom,  will  not  wear 
This  token  when  compollod  to  be  a  foe. 
Hod  doubts  existed,  now  they  were  at  end. 


n. 


sc. 


IX. 

Still  did  tlie  garrison,  to  death  devoted, 

Continue  to  propr.re  for  morrow's  march. 

hionio  gallant  si)irils,  buoyant,  cheered  the  rest; 

All  things  disposed  and  ready  made  that  eve, 

To  rest  retired,  a  wild  i.nseeming  rest, 

AVith  anxious  cares  and  wakefulness  much  fraught. 

Soon  came  the  dawn,  and  beautifully  bright, 
Pha'bus,  on  burning  chariot,  brought  the  light, 
New-born,  and  Michigan  before  them  rolled, 
In  shining  splendor,  as  of  burnished  gold. 

Then,  to  th"  American  camp,  a  message  came, 
From  chief  To-pee-na-bee,  St.  Joseph's  band. 
Informing  them  of  mischief  brewing  in 
The  Potlawatamies'  camp,  sworn  to  escort  them. 

Now  from  the  fort,  in  order  and  array, 
The  troops  with  martial  music  take  their  way. 
Wells,  at  the  head  of  his  Miami  friends, 
With  blackened  face,  as  Indian  custom  tends, 


250  BLACK    HAWK,   AND 

Led  on  the  van.     With  loaded  guns  in  hand, 
The  garrison,  with  those  who  have  command, 
Next^'lbllow  on  ;  while  next,  and  in  the  rear. 
The  wagons  for  the  sick  and  young  appear. 
The  Pottawatamies,  five  hundred  strong, 
Behind  all  these,  a  dense  and  motley  throng, 
Sworn  to  escort  them  safely  to  Fort  Wayne  ; 
Ne'er  was  a  trust  reposed  so  much  in  vain ! 

XI. 

Those  in  advance  no  sooner  sand-hills  roach, 
Which  separate  the  prairie  from  the  beach, 
When  the  whole  escort  rear  deceitful  prove. 
Their  station  leave,  diverging  towards  a  grove, 
And  pass  along  the  sand-hill's  southern  side. 
Which  intervening,  now  the  hands  d.vide. 
And  having  soon  effected  this  their  plan. 
Showed  their  intentions  hostile  in  the  van. 
At  this,  who  at  the  general  welfare  aimed, 
Kind  Wells  rode  hack,  and  to  the  whites  exclaimed  : 
They're  going  to  fight !  f.u-m,  instantly,  and  charge ! 
His  words  were  followed  hy  a  (piick  discharge 
Of  musketry,  behind  the  sand-hills  'twine  ; 

The  troops  were  instant  formed  into  a  line. 
And  charged  as  they  ascended  up  the  hill, 
A  man  of  seventy  years,  a  veteran,  iell. 


XII. 

'Tis  needful  that  we  paint  tiie  deeds  of  yore. 
That  drenched  in  crimson  this  ill-fated  shore. 


SCENES    IN    THK    WEST. 


251 


The  fight  was  general ;  the  Miamis  fled  ; 
Their  chief  rode  to  the  Indians,  and  thus  said  : 
You  act  a  double  part,  your  trust  betray, 
I'll  be  revenged  on  you  another  day  ! 
I'll  be  the  first  to  raise  an  armed  force. 
To  punish  you  for  such  a  treacherous  course. 
Then  brandishing  his  tomahawk  their  cheek, 
Rode  oil*,  his  boon  companions  'scaped,  to  seek. 
But  nothing  more  of  him  or  them  Mas  seen, 
Since  their  last  scami)ering  o'er  the  prairie  green. 


II I  I 


med  : 


arge ! 


xni. 

The  American  troops  \yere  gallant,  true,  and  bold. 
Though  numbers  few,  their  lives  they  dearly  sold  ; 
In  battle  died,  and  knew  their  end  was  near, 
Soujiht  to  fbrjiot  all  that  on  earth  was  dear. 
^'orhees,  the  surgeon,  while  the  battle  raged, 
As  in  the  thickest  light  he  too  engaged, 
Severely  wounded,  sutlering  much  with  pain, 
His  bounding  courser  'nealh  his  master  slain. 
Approached  the  consort  of  Lieutenant  Helm; 
Said  thus  to  her : — Think  you  they'll  overwhelm, 
And  take  our  lives,  and  not  as  cajitives  spare? 
My  wound  1  think  not  mortal,  don't  despair. 
Perhaps,  by  giving  all  we  can  atford — 
Perhaps,  by  olU'ring  them  a  large  reward, 
We  may  prevail,  oiu*  safety  to  advance  ; 
And  do  you  think  there  can  be  any  chance  1 


il 


XIV. 


Oh,  Doctor  Vorhees  !  spake  the  lady  Helm, 
Let's  neither  suffer  woes  to  overwhelm, 


m  i 


mmmmmtsii 


252  BLACK   HAWK,  AND 

Nor  waste  the  moments  few  that  yet  remain, 

In  idle  hopes — ill.rounclocl,  vaguer  and  vain ! 

Our  fate's  inevitable  !  this  is  clear  ; 

Must  soon  befo'-c  Jehovah's  bar  appear! 

"While  yet  within  oin-  power,  let  us  prepare, 

And  make  our  peace  with  liini  by  faith  and  prayer. 

Oh!  oh  !  said  he,  this  is  no  time  to  pray  !' 

Confused,  a  time  of  snfleringand  affray. 

I  cannot  die  !  I  am  unfit  to  die! 

Although  my  dissolution  seems  so  nigh. 

Ah  !  had  I  to  prepare  a  longer  space ! 

Death  !  O  how  awful!  stares  me  in  the  ftico  ! 


XV. 

This  moment  witnessed  Ensign  Ilonan's  full  j 
Was  fighting  with  two  portly  Indians  tall, 
Contending  desperately  upon  one  knee, 
Was  nearly  down,  and  wounded  mortally. 
Pointing  her  fii^gcr  there,  the  strife  inferred, 
Directing  his  attention  thitherward, 
Behold  !  said  she,  that  young  man,  how  he  dies  I 
How  like  a  soldier  I      Vorhees  thus  replies  : 
Yes  I  he  perceives  no  terrors  in  his  late, 
And  has  no  fears  of  any  future  state  ! 
An  unbeliever — but  not  so  with  me, 
A  candidate  for  dread  eternity  ! 


XVI. 

Now  raised  his  tomahawk,  a  savage  young, 
And  struck  at  Lady  Helm.     She  instant  sprung 


SCENES  IK   THE   WEST. 


S58 


jr. 


Aside,  evading  from  her  head  full  well, 
The  blow  intended,  on  her  shoulder  fell. 
She  grappled  with  the  Indian,  sought  in  strife 
To  seize  and  take  away  his  scalpiiig-knife  ; 
And  while  she  did  this  Indian  warrior  clasp, 
Another  seized,  and  dragged  her  from  his  grasp ; 
Boro  her  resisting,  onward  towards  the  lake, 
As  though  *twcre  beUer  drowning,  life  to  take. 
But,  as  he  bore  her  rapidly  away, 
She  recognized  among  the  dead  thai  lay. 
The  lifeless  surgeon,  man  unfortunate ! 
Who  sotJght  no  grace  until  It  was  too  late. 


XVII. 

The  Indian  plunged  her  in  the  water  deep, 
She  managed  'hove  the  waves  her  head  to  keep. 
She  soon  perceived  her  captor  did  not  seem 
Resolved  to  drown,  but  rather  to  redeem, 
From  sfvvago  violence,  this  his  prisoner  fair. 
This  seen,  she  viewed  him  with  attentive  air ; 
And  now,  in  spite  of  painted,  black  disguise, 
The  white  man's  friend  in  him  did  recognize. 
It  was  Black  Partridge,     When  the  battle  ceased, 
And  danger  less,  safe  from  the  waves  released 
His  prison<M',  and  conducted  her  away 
Along  the  sand.     It  was  a  sultry  day; 
Much  overcome  by  heat,  and  etlorts  made 
Beyond  her  strength,  and  burdens  on  her  laid, 
And  anxious  for  the  safety  of  her  friends, 
And  for  her  own,  the  evil  that  attends, 

22 


j00^immm& 


854  BZ.ACK  HAWK,  and 

Her  gtato  was  one  of  misery  and  suspense, 
And  what  she  felt  waa  agony  intense. 


XVIII. 

The  troops  with  desperation  fought, 
Until  two.thirds  their  death  had  wrought; 
The  rest  surrendered  to  the  foe, 
And  grace  received,  accounted  so. 
Save  one,  a  sacrifice,  who  turned 
From  mercy,  and  their  offers  spurned ; 
A  soldier's  consort,  often  told, 
To  tortures  worse  than  death  were  sold. 
Those  captive  to  the  Indian  hands, 
Resolved  she'd  fall  not  in  their  hands. 
And  when  the  foe  her  presence  sought, 
To  make  her  prisoner,  desperate  fought; 
And  tljough  assured  of  treatment  kind, 
Unchanged  the  purpcjse  of  her  mind- 
Refused  protection,  would  not  yield, 
Was  cut  in  pieces  on  the  field. 


XIX. 

A  wagon,  children  twelve  contained. 
Still  on  the  strand  untouched  remained; 
A  siuglo  savage  gave  a  yell, 
Approached  the  place,  and  on  them  feU. 
As  cruelty  itself  to  mock. 
All  fell  beneath  his  tomahawk. 


SCENES   IS    THE    WEST. 

Wells  saw  at  distance,  yet  unharmed, 
Exclaimed  aloud,  his  foes  alarmed, 
Though  1.0  to  them  a  prisoner  was, 
**  O,  v/tiat  a  violated  cause  ! 
If  this  '9  your  conduct,  I'll  kill  too ! 
Your  squaws,  papooses  will  pursue !' 
Then  turned  his  courser's  head  around, 
Rode  oft' unto  their  camping.ground. 


255 


t»f 


%x. 


Now,  soon  as  he  had  started  on  his  way, 
There  followed  several  Indians  in  his  rear, 
Pischarged  their  rifles  at  hitn  us  he  flew. 
He  h'id  himself  flat  on  his  courser's  neck. 
And  got,  as  one  would  thought,  quite  out  of  reach, 
When  lo !  one  ball  from  his  pursuers  sped, 
"Which  execution  done  exceeding  rare, 
Severely  wounded  him,  and  killed  his  steed. 
Again  a  prisoner,  savage  foes  came  up. 

Wa. ban. see,  VVinnemeg  were  both  his  friends— 

Among  the  number,  sought  his  life  to  save, 

Already  disengaged  him  from  his  steed, 

And  kindly  were  supporting  him  along. 

When  Pe.so-tun,a  Pottawatauiie, 

Drew  out  his  scalping-knifc,  and  stabbed  poor  Wells; 

Inflicting  in  the  back  a  mortal  wound. 

In  arms  of  friends  he  fell,  and  breathed  his  last, 

A  sacritice  for  those  ho  came  to  save. 


256 


BLACK   HAWK,   AND 


XXt. 


The  l)attle  ended,  prisoners  all  secured, 

Conductea  to  the  Indian  campinjr.jrround  ; 

And  here  the  wife  of  Wau-becnoe  iK^reiving 

The  Indy  Hollies  exhanslion  so  oxtrome, 

A  kettle  took,  and  dipping?  up  some  water 

From  sluggish  stream  tliere  flowincj  constantly, 

Some  maple-sugar  stirring  in  it, 

Gave  her  to  drink  forthwith.     It  was,  said  she, 

The  most  delicious  draught  I  ever  tasted. 

The  kindness  of  her  manner,  'mid  such  scenes 

Atrocious,  touched  my  heart.     The  fort  l>ecamo 

A  scene  of  plunder,     leasts  of  stall  lay  round, 

Or  dead,  or  dying,  scattered  o'er  the  ground  ; 

The  words  of  Ensign  Ronan  called  to  mind, 

»'  Such  is  our  fate,  to  be  like  brutes  shot  down !" 

The  wounded  prisoners  fell  ;  while  those  unhurt, 

Remained  in  wigwams  of  their  con.pierors. 

Complete  the  work  of  plunder  now  ;  division 

Being  made  of  all  the  finery  in  the  tort, 

Shawls,  ribbons,  feathers,  beads,  in  rich  profusion 

Scattered  about,  the  fort  was  set  on  fire. 

The  Indian  trader  having  hence  remov.'d 

Across  the  stream,  Wa.ban.see  and  UUick  Partridge 


Stood  sentinels  at  his  door.     All  things  so 


3med  tranquil: 


But  now  uno 


ther  swarm,  more  hungry,  came 


From  Wabash  country,  most  implacable 
Of  all  the  bands  of  Pottawatamies. 


SCENES  IN  THR  WEST. 


157 


XXII. 


ivt, 


sion 


I  rt  ridge 
ii\  tranquil  I 


To  carry  tidings,  runner?  had  been  sent 

To  all  their  villages,  informing  them 
The  fort  to  be  surrendered,  and  its  spoils 
Divided,  and  the  people  massacred. 
These  hurri(jd  joyful  on  with  utmost  speed, 
To  reap  rich  harvests  from  tlio  awful  scene, 
And  share  the  glory  of  so  vile  a  deed. 
Arriving  at  Aux  Plains,  they  met  returning, 
A  party  bearing  a  wounded  chiet' along. 
Informed  by  these  a  battle  had  been  fi)Ught, 
A  victory  gained,  divided  all  the  spoils — 
The  prisoners  sported  with,  and  they  not  there, 
Unbounded  was  their  rage.     Then  hastening  much 
Their  march,  until  Chicago  they  had  reached, 
In  token  of  designs  malevolutit, 
Their  faces  blackened — marked  the  trader's  house 
For  massacre,  to  nnip  a  phmdered  share. 
Amid  tir  assembled  household  and  their  guard, 
His  parlor  entered,  ceremony  none. 
In  silence  sullen,  on  the  carpet  floor, 
With  anger  in  their  looks,  then)selves  they  seat, 
As  though  in  tacitm-n  they  would  explore, 
And  taunt  devoted  victims  ere  their  time  ; 
(A  doom  anticipated,  deepens,  more  sublime!) 
Impress  an  earnest  of  impending  wo, 
Or  on  so  base  design  an  air  of  grace  bestow. 

22* 


SOB 


BLAC&  HAWE,  A»D 


xxin. 

Black  Partridge  .asv  their  looU.,  and  knew  ^vhal  passed 
Within  them— to  re.non.tiato  dared  not  haste. 
To  Wa-ban.sec  said,  ia  an  under  straui  :— 
To  save  our  friend.,  our  eflbrt.  arc  in  vam  ; 
The  trader  and  hU  house  remain  no  more  ! 
I  now  behold  them  slain,  their  Iol^s  deplore ! 
There's  noujiht  of  efibrt  can  prevent  their  doom- 
But  hark !  another  band  of  Indians  come 
Across  the  stream,  a  friendly  vvhoop  I  hear ; 
Who  knows  what  chance  of  safety  may  appear  ? 

Alert  upon  his  feet  Black  Partridge  sprung, 

Advancing  to  the  river,  met  the  throng. 

When  gained  the  bank,  he  thu.  accosts  tlic.r  chief.- 

Who  are  you,  sir  ?  and  do  you  bring  relief? 

I  am  a  man,  their  leader  prompt  rejomed  ; 

But  who  are  you,  of  such  as^ining  mind  ? 

A  man  like  to  yourself ;  but  tell  me,  chief. 

Who  are  you  for  ?  and  do  you  bring  rehef 

To  peaceful  men,  who  always  keep  their  faith  ? 

You  who  so  late  arrived  .'  Black  Partridge  saith. 

Then  he  replied :  The  Sau-ga-nush  proclaimed. 

I  am  :  though  Billy  CaJKlwell  .)ftener  named. 

My  father  was  an  ofl"ees-  of  high  rank— 

My  mother  Wyandot,  to  be  thus  frank. 

'Mong  them  an  heir  lo  princely  power  I  fall, 

Tliough  educated  suoe  in  Monlreak 

Adopted  cuipf  upon  may  mother's  side, 

But  Englishman,  or  Sau.ga.nash,  my  pride. 


! 

I 


passed 


8CE:r£»  IN   THC   WSST. 


^59 


If  thus  you  arc,  life  on  your  steps  depends  ! 
Your  presence,  nought  but  this,  can  save  your  friends ; 
Then  make  all  haste,  and  to  your  speed  add  wings, 
Fly  quickly  ;  ask  not  more  the  state  of  things ! 


^ 


d.\ 


ief:— 


? 


XXIV. 

Then  hastened  to  the  place  the  new  arrived, 
An<l  entered  there  with  calm  deliberate  step  ; 
And,  seemingly  unconscious  of  what  passed. 
Well  pleased,  his  own  accoutrements  took  off, 
And  laid  aside ;  his  ritle  placed  away 

Behind  the  door.     Saluting  them,  he  said  : — 
How  now,  my  friends  ?  a  pleasant  day  to  you. 

Enemies,  I  was  told,  were  lurking  round  ; 

But  I  r«\joice  that  here  are  none  but  friends. 

Why  have  you  blacked  your  faces  1  do  you  moura 

The  loss  of  relatives  in  battle  slain  ? 

(Mistaking  their  intentions  purposely,) 

Or,  arc  you  fasting  I  if  so,  ask  our  friend 

Here,  and  he'll  give  you  all  you  want  to  eat. 

He  is  the  Indian's  friend,  and  ne'er  refused 

For  once  to  set  before  them  what  they  need. 


XXV. 

Ta'en  by  surprise,  the  foes  ashamed  became. 
Nor  deigned  their  baneful  purpose  once  to  name ; 
But,  softened  down,  in  tones  subdued,  they  said  : 
Some  cotton,  white,  in  which  t'  enwrap  our  dead, 
We've  come  alar  to  ask  of  our  kind  friend, 
That  decency  our  burial  rites  attend. 


I    wi 


.1   iiii; 


r  \\ 


860 


BIACS  BA^ii,  a:«0 

'Twas  civen  with  presents  some  Increase  of  store  5 

Anneased.  they  went  in  pr^a^c,  and  came  no  more. 

HeaH  shared  two  wound.,  full  .even  hU  beauteous  bnde, 

For  she  a  .teed  of  noble  blood  did  l'^^ci ; 

Tbe  foe,  uniujured,  sou-hl  it  to  obtain,^ 

And  en  the  rider  ihn.^'  their  dart^  amr^m. 

One  demon  fu.ior..  ou  her  di<l  advance, 

Armed  with  a  riHe,  totnabawh,  and  lance. 

His  tomahawk  iipbrtod  to  dc-^troy  ; 

Now  she,  in  time  of  danger,  wa.  not  coy- 

Accnstomed  there,  a.nid  ro.ijxb  scene,  to  cUvell, 

She  Unew  the  Indian  chariictrr  full  welt ; 

ind,  b^oklnj;  him  directly  in  the  t^ce. 

She  smiling  said  :-You  snrely  won't  d.sgrace 

Your  noble  person,  raise  that  vuluiut  arm 

Against  a  feeble  squaw,  to  kill  ^\^'^l'!'\      . 

The  warrior's  arm  fell  nerveless  by  his  Mcle  , 

T      words  had  reached  his  heart  and  touched  h.s  pndc 

Thus  innocence  and  right  provad  o'er  wrong, 

I'd  peerless  heroine,  subdue  the  fierce  and  strong. 

XXVI, 

But  others  yet  pursue.     Then  up  came  one 
So  rude,  well  nigh  the  fatal  deed  had  oouo; 

Was  in  the  act  to  tear  her  head-diess  ot , 
T<»  gain  his  trophies,  and  the  crown  to  dolT; 

^Yhen  to  her  rescue  came  up  CnKuuhuma.re, 
Of  tribe  Ht.  Joseph,  honorable  and  tair, 
And  offered  for  her  ransom,  hi^  new  prize, 
A  captured  mule,  ten  bottles  rum  likewise  ; 


SCENES   IN  THE   WEST. 


261 


re  J 
e. 

us  bride, 


Tlie  last  temptation  o'er  her  foe  prevaileJ. 
But  her  percoivinj?  had  been  much  iissiiled, 
And  wounded  oft.  observed  that  she  iiii<!;ht  die  ; 
The  buyer  nould  the  whii^key  then  deny. 
Inquired  if  he  wcmld  risk  viejj^situdes : 
He  gave  assent,  the  bargain  thu-s  concluded. 


M  i 


his  pride, 
rong. 


xxvii. 

Cast  with  her  chikuen  in  a  boat  on  shore, 
A  buffal'i  robe  thrown  o*er,  sh(^  was  enjoined 
Silence,  as  life  she  valued.     Here  vemaiiied 
Still,  uttering  nought  of  sound?*  could  her  betray. 
To  foes  who  raine  tor  captives  there  to  search. 
Meanwhile,  by  an  Indian  from  the  Kafi-ka-kee, 
Who  had  for  him  strong  personal  reoard, 
Hor  h)rd  was  captured.     He,  beholding  tViera. 
Tiie  wounded,  feeble  state  his  wife  was  in, 
Requiring  cave,  by  pity  movetl,  roleused 
His  prisoner         lOut  ransom,  to  attend 
Her  to  St.  Josrpli'^.     Here,  by  Chaudonnaire, 
Conveyed,     The  Indian  who  so  nobly  done, 
Set  free  his  prisoner,  to  his  tribe  returnin*". 
S'.i%V  their  displeasure  manifest  so  great, 
That  he  resolved  a  j.  urney  to  this  place, 
His  prisoner  to  reclaim.     But  news  ol"  this 
Preceded  him.     Then,  by  Ke-poo-tab's  aid, 
And  Ta.pa-na.beo,  they  were  ta'en  *     board 
A  bark  canoe,  and  paddled  ])y  a  chief 
And  wife  to  Mackina,  along  the  coast ; 
Received  as  {)risone!-9  there,  thence  to  Detroit 
Were  sent.     In  final  time,  and  happier  hour, 


j^^jw^WBg--- 


262 


BLACK    IIVWR,    AND 


Whon  fricmU  did  triumi 


»h  ovor  British  power, 


P(M-fi(liouH  Proctor 


ft'lt  ill  turn  defeat, 


And  ^reat  Tccnmseh  fell,  they  wevo 


exchanged. 


LieiUen 


ant  Helm  wan  wounded,  prisoner  mado, 


And  carried  otTby  Indians  to  Au  Sal.lc 
St.  Louis  thence,  and  captive  there  time  long  ; 
When,  throu-h  the  aid  of  him  who  <leals  m  lur3, 
the  trihes  had  iMiluenec,  was  s.^t  tree 


Who  o'er 


Wounded,  hi.  hride,  her  ciu'scr  slain  h.nealh  ; 

When  scenes  surpassiu-  romance,  sufliMcd  through, 

Led  captive  to  Detroit.     15ut  whether  she 

E'er  met  her  faithful  love  on  earth  aj,'am— 

Conjectured  here  he  di.l  n<.t  Ion-  ren.ain. 

History  informs  not  us.     But  one  thing  true. 

She  long  smvived  hiu.,  lived  in  honor,  too. 

The  soldiers  and  their  wives,  and  children  all, 

\monT  the  foe.  where'er  their  lot  did  fall. 

On  w'abash,  Illinois,  and  Uo<-k  weie  ta'cn  ; 

Milwaukee  some  ;  there  until  spring  remain 

With  their  wild  captors,  some  a  longer  space, 

Much  longer  ;  at  their  hands  did  lind  more  grace 

Than  friends  anticipate,  till  ransom  came. 

And  heaven.made  peace  restored  their  rightful  claim. 


XXVIII. 


That  old  and  mighty  hunter,  Time, 
Whose  feats  are  known  in  every  clime. 
Swings  his  broad  scythe  with  ruthless  sway, 
Sweeps  all  the  sons  of  men  away. 


SCENES    IN    THE    WEST. 

A  lofty  gcnoration  dies, 

Another,  and  another  rise  ; 

And  bards  that  sweetly  siing  of  yore, 

In  Grecia,  Rome,  or  Albion  shore. 

Lie  low  in  dust,  their  harps  unstrung. 

And  nuite  the  voice  of  those  who  sung. 

And  ancient  colonists  there  were, 

Who  loved  to  breathe  the  mountain  air. 

As  now  do  these.     They  had  their  day, 

Flourislu'd  and  li'll,  and  knew  decay  ; 

And  so  shall  these — and  in  their  place, 

Successive  spring  another  race, 

Forgetftd  of  their  sires  ;  alone, 

And  oidy  studious  of  their  own. 

Ah  !  since  their  race  so  soon  is  run, 

Like  shadows  ended  with  the  sun, 

Haste  to  resomid  their  praise,  before 

They're  numbered  with  the  dead  of  yore! 

Ask  no  reverse,  O  son  of  earth  ! 

Enough  thou  art  of  heavenly  birth  ; 

Nor  s»>ek,  lamenting  oVr  thy  fate, 

To  give  th'  appointed  bounds  a  date. 

Oh  !   be  content  to  have  thy  day. 

Its  boon  of  praise,  its  tiansient  lay  ; 

Then,  ripe  in  virtue,  mount  on  high, 

To  realms  of  pleasure  in  the  sky. 

Let  others  flourish  in  thy  room, 

For  this  is  clear  the  sovereign  doom, 

And  will  of  God  to  mortal  men, 

Who  grants  them  years  threescore  and  ten. 


203 


I' ill! 


;  .1     IS 
i:    n. 


ifAxW'-  'dBfeswi— ^i*---^;^Ja 


264-. 


BLACK    HAWK,    AND 


I 


O,  does  there  still  exist  on  earth, 
The  fire  which  gave  the  Iliad  birth  ! 
Made  mortal  men  immortal  here. 
By  painting  meed  to  tlmoy's  ear  1 
Or  died  it  with  the  fall  of  Rome, 
Of  Grecian  architect  and  dome  ; 

When  great  Pantheon  felt  decay, 
Or  Pope  and  Milton  passed  away  ? 

XXIX. 

If  strains  of  mounting  fire  Hesperian  land. 

Can  boast  from  l.arps  attuned  by  minstrel  hands  ; 

Or  any  power  of  tune  to  thee  belong, 

Raise,  muse,  to  western  pioneers  a  song . 

Come,  lovely  Clio  !  yet  for  once  inspire 
\  dull  recluse  with  thine  immortal  iire  . 
That  o'er  ihe  poet's  soul  soft  rapture  llings  ; 
Attune  the  lyre,  and  touch  the  tender  strings  . 
On  great  Columbus  be  due  honors  shed, 
Of  all  the  rest,  the  sovereign  and  the  head. 
And  thou,  O  Roune  !  shall  be  remembered  long, 
Of  western  i»ioneers  first  in  the  Hifong. 
Johnson  and  Harrison,  who  fought  .m   Ihames, 
Ronton,  ami  Clay,  and  Cass,  are  western  names  ; 

Jackson,  who  served  the  country  in  his  prune, 
Unyielding  man,  the  hero  of  his  time  ; 
Immortal  men,  on  western  hearts  engraved, 
By  tyrant  custom  could  not  be  enslaved  : 
Statesmen,  of  whom  our  countrymen  are  proud. 
Round  such,  what  awe.  what  recollections  crowd! 


SCENKS    IN    THE    WEST. 


205 


The  lido  of  omi<iTation  rolls  alone 


s» 


IJencjilh  such  sapient  minds,  and  hands  so  strong, 

Like  mountain  torrents  tuniljling  from  the  hill ; 

■^Fust  every  mountain,  every  valley  lill ; 

Millions  on  millions  hail  the  glorious  land, 

And  crown  it  with  the  works  of  their  ingenious  hands. 

Virtuous  and  free,  a  blessing  on  mankind  ; 

Where  reigns  forever  free  immoital  mind. 

And  thou,  far  Oregon  !  with  mountains  high, 

Wliose  snowy,  cloud -capp'd  towers  salute  the  sky. 

Present  one  s|)acious  garden  to  the  sight, 

Whose  clustering  beacons  mock  the  starry  night ; 

Till  meet  the  eastern  and  the  western  main. 

Till  the  whole  continent  one  subject  plain, 

One  happy  people  till  from  shore  to  shore, 

One  happy  people  hear  each  ocean  roar ; 

One  glorious  nation,  send  up,  blest  and  free, 

Their  universal  shout  of  liberty; 

So  loud  and  long,  that  all  the  earth  shall  hear, 

And  all  her  kings  shall  shrink  away  with  fear, 

And  learn  our  glorious  governmental  plan. 

Till  man  no  more  shall  domineer  o'er  man. 


XXX. 

The  canvass-sL^ltcred  pioneer  I  name, 
And  he  who  (lii  from  eastern  country  came. 
Within,  his  infant  family  are  drawn. 
His  stock  he  drives  before  him  o'er  the  lawn. 
O'er  rivers,  hills,  and  dales,  for  many  a  day, 
A  tour  through  many  States,  he  takes  his  way  ; 

23 


,    n 


266 


BLACK    HAWK,    AND 

Under  llic  open  Imavons,  in  prospect  clear, 
Arrives,  at  lennth,  the  weary  pioneer. 
The  openin<r  hoavens  an.nnd  his  pathw.'y  shjnc, 
And  nou-ht  ho  nnirks  but  owns  the  han:l  divine  ; 
And  now  with  K^gs  his  cal.in  he  doth  huild,  ^ 

With  chumps  an.l  ch.y  l)etween  the  cr.u-ks  are  filled, 
With  clapljoards  long  ho  cov(>rd  o'er  the  rof)l  ;  . 
One  room,  one  door,  one  wimlow  is  eneiigh 
To  serve  the  present  time,  till  lie  can  reai 
A  future  mansion,  land  fur  tillage  clear. 
Think  not  too  meanly  of  his  seanly  dome, 
His  wild,  nnpoli.died,  and  romantic  home  ! 
Ye,  who  are  not  thus  used,  without  a  >igh, 
On  simide  nature  solely  to  rely; 
For  this  is  nature's  child,  creation's  lord. 
And  nature's  bounties  crown  his  frugal  board. 
S(jon  docks  and  herds  his  pasUires  wide  adorn, 
His  spacious  fields  are  covered  o'er  with  corn. 
To  speak  like  holy  writ,  they  shout  for  j:>y. 
They  join  in  worship,  songs  of  praise  employ. 
To  their  great  Maker,  who  with  goodness  crowns 
The  circling  years  that  roll.     K.'joiee  the  downs, 
On  every  side  the  little  groves  and  hills. 
The  mighty  river,  and  the  piu-ling  rills, 
Falling  from  Idgh,  or  murmuring  under  gK.und, 
The  landscape  fair  below  the  sky  pr. -found. 
Each  living  creature,  house<l  in  earth  or  air. 
And  all  that  with  the  beauteous  can  compare, 
That  utter  sounds  uncouth,  or  speak  in  song. 
Forever  their  diurnal  notes  prolong  ; 
All  speak  a  harmony,  a  rapture  hero. 
Send  up  a  note  which,  to  the  listening  e:)r 


SCE>'ES    IN    THE    WEST. 


267 


Of  him  whose  heart  is  full  of  nalure's  love, 

Is  heavenly  music  like  to  that  above  ; 

That  thrilling  on  his  soul  without  alloy, 

Fills  his  most  grateful  heart  with  floods  of  joy. 

Toil,  recreation,  peace,  his  life  adorn, 

Sweet  is  his  hour  of  rest,  and  sweet  his  morn. 

Oft  he  awakes  the  huntsman's  horn  to  hear — 

The  chase  is  up,  a  fox,  a  wait",  a  deer  ! 

Swift  bounding  o'er  the  lawn,  through  wood  and  dale, 

Swiftly  the  hounds  pursue  and  scent  the  gale. 

His  bounding  courser  bears  him  swift  along  ; 

Wolves,  dogs,  and  hiuitsmen,  stt  eds,  together  throng  ; 

A  widening  circle  formed  ten  leagues  around. 
And  driving  inward  to  the  centre  ground  ; 
They  meet,  and  in  the  narrow  ring  exposed, 
A  score  of  praivie-wolves  are  ott  enclosed. 
Then  here  is  sport,  and  glee,  and  high  exploit 
Performed  by  curs,  and  hounds,  drago(tns  adroit, 
And  bounding  coursers  swiftest  in  the  chase; 
Not  like  Eumelus,  of  ethereal  race. 
Yet  equal,  we  doubt  not,  in  strength  and  force, 
To  waft  their  riders  foremost  in  the  course. 
Autumnal  eve,  when  shines  the  silver  moon, 
The  hunter  seeks  to  lind  the  fatted  'coon. 


XXXI. 


But,  should  there  come  a  snow  so  deep, 

The  nimble  deer  can't  nni, 
Then,  girding  on  his  snowy  shoe, 

The  huntsman  with  his  gun, 


i.,^   ft 


'■!:t  a 


I 


liil 


268 


BLACK    HAWK,    AM> 

Walks  all  imsinking  careless  on 
The  summits  o'C  the  heaps, 

And  overtakes,  and  shoots  hini  down, 
While  struggling  iu  the  deeps. 


XXXXI. 


A  hunt  of  this  kino,  long  to  be  remcuihered, 
Neav  Danvillc^s  pleasant  village,  years  agr., 
Took  place  in  populous  county  of  Vermilion. 
It  would  be  well,  perhaps,  and  to  his  bktng, 
To  give  the  reader  smattering  of  the  cbmate, 
Thi.?  favored  season  of  the  years  that  roll  ; 
So  pleasant  was  the  weather  all  that  fall. 
Exceeding  fair  up  to  this  time  convivial, 
E'en  to  the  new  year's  day,  no  wintry  blasts, 
That  devotees  of  pleasure,  in  their  glee. 
Upon  that  day  foot-races  barefoot  run. 


VXXIII. 


Preparing  all  things  proper  for  this  hunt, 

A  tall  tree  iu  the  adjoining  forest  felled, 

Brought  forth,  and  set  it  up  upon  a  height. 

In  middle  of  the  prairie,  raised  a  Hag, 

for  many  miles  around  which  could  be  seen. 

Then  men,  some  mounted,  some  on  fool,  with  dogs, 

licgin,  from  all  sides  round,  to  drive  the  wood. 

Joining  the  prairie,  moving  towards  the  flag. 

Until  together  in  the  cenlie  me(>t. 

In  narrow  ring  thus  formed,  enclosed,  that  day, 


J  i 


rr"fi niiriiBiiiiiniiHur 


SCENES    IN    TITK    V.T-ST. 


269 


on. 

ate, 


ists, 


soon. 
wilU  dogs, 

\v'00(l, 

flag, 
lat  day, 


Wolves  twenty.seven,  some  wild. cats,  and  some  deer. 

Few  had  the  fortune  good  to  make  escape. 

Were  present  here,  of  the  pursuing  host, 

On  this  occasion,  'bove  two  hundred  dogs, 

A  hundred  foot,  two  hundred  threescore  steedsmen ; 

For 'twas  a  time  of  groat  hilarity. 

Great  was  ih*  ambition  and  exertions  much, 

Of  hounds  and  curs,  who  well  performed  their  task, 

Hy  routing,  chasing,  in  the  proper  course, 
Whatever  wild  animals  came  into  their  way, 
Until  they'd  driven  them  out  upon  the  prairie, 
la  open  sight.     The  huntsmen  and  dragoons 
In  swift  pursuit  then  joined,  anc  oeing  tresh 
On  track,  took  easy  lead  of  curs  and  hounds. 

The  buoyancy,  exhilarating  spirits 

Of  those  engaged,  surprising  truly  was. 

Victorious  o'er  the  wolves,  the  steodsman  rode, 

Borne  swiftly  by  his  bounding  courser  on, 

While  he,  loud  neighing,  in  a  glee  of  triumph, 

Assails  them  oft  with  open  moutli  advanced, 

Or  furious  tramples  them  beneath  his  feet. 

Follows  the  feast— when,  seated  round  the  place 

Of  rendezvous,  beneath  the  liberty.pole, 

The  parson's  bles-^iiiji,  <■■'■  solicited  ; 

Then,  with  good  rpp'  tites  and  jovial  hearts, 

j|egiu  they  to  partake  what  their  good  wives  prepared  ; 

Their  custards,  venison,  sliortened  cakes, 
j^ggs,  ha  .:    ai  ■':  tarts,  and  seasoned  steaks  ;^ 
their  sweemieats,  puddings,  choice  nick-nacks, 
Cheese,  chickens,  joles,  and  apple-jacks  ; 

2B* 


il  M 


!'    tti 


270 


BLACK    HAWK,  /VO 


Their  minco  and  waccaroni  plop, 
Fruit,  pound,  and  cakes  that  spon-y  rise  } 
BaUed  pigs,  roast  turkeys,  cheerful  song, 
God  grant  tbey  may  enjoy  tlic  blessing  long  ! 


,  XXXIV. 

In  eastern  countries,  thero  are  many  persons 
Not  well  informed,  or  not  innn-mod  at  all, 
Correctly,  on  the  pro.liicta  of  the  roil. 
And  state  of  things  as  here  exi.t  tar  West, 
Or  well.authenticated  statement,  don't  believe  ; 
Regarding  them  extravagantly  iaUe  ;  ^ 
Esteeming  immigrants  to  this  tair  region 
But  reckless  ratnble.-s,  ^vild,  infatuate, 
Entirely  from  the,  human  >vt)rld  gone  out,   • 
Of  people  civilized,  to  dwell  among 
Mere  savages,  or  but  the  least  ren,ove. 
'IMicsc  s^entiments  wero  common,  years  gone  b>, 
\nd  still  prevail  to  limited  extent. 
Hence,  certain  stories  strange  they  used  to  tell. 
In  hi'di  derision  of  this  country's  sod, 
And  growth  of  pla.its  ;  and  thus  would  they  bcgm 

This  is  a  wondrous  country,  sure  ! 
The  land  is  rich,  the  water  pure. 
Hero  bread  spontaneous  grows  on  trees. 
And  waflles  llutter  In  tlio  breeze. 
Well  Ijuttered,  sweetened,  fresh  and  fair, 
And  fragrant  balms  perfume  the  air. 
Here  Ceres  rears  her  corn  as  tall 
As  any  pine  or  Chinese  wall  ; 


gCE^-ES    IN    THE   WEST. 


271 


ve; 


0  by. 

tell, 
r  begin 


And  those  who  gather  it,  must  walk 
Hi"h  ladders,  made  to  climb  the  stalk 


logs 


thov  sav 


,(»  plenty  hove,  ttioy  buj, 

In  woodi  and  wilds  along  highway  ; 

The  sweetest  and  the  fattest  pork, 

Stuck  ill  their  backs  a  knife  and  fork. 

Already  in  good  style  are  baked, 

■With  sao-ee'^aiid  spices  sttiiTrd  uud  caked ; 

Inviting  hear-u-s,  a^  they  nui, 
Polite  a^  any  mother's  son, 

To  cunie,  and  dine,  partake  the  feast, 
And  count  it  favcjrs  none  the  h'd^U 
And  h.MO  are  plenteous  'coons,  they  say, 
That  ualk  the  earth  h\  evening  gray ; 
The  way  they  snare  them  U  quite  winning, 
liring  tlu^n^  down  fiom  trees  by  grinning. 
The  best  of  sugar  pours  from  trees, 

Lihe  iiweetcst  Nvine  upon  the  lees  ; 
Kiu.h  Ik'Uow  oak  is  full  of  honey, 

Atul  here  there  is  no  want  of  money. 
And  as  to  pralrie-land  so  clear, 
'Tis  ^vbat  they  cannot  make  appear  ; 
We  don't  believe  such  tales  as  these. 
More  than  we  do  the  moon  green  cheese. 

XXXV. 

In  view  that  throw  we  may  some  further  light 
Upon  this  country's  early  history, 
When  fust  by  whites  'twas  occupied,  so  lar 
\s  titles  are  concerned,  to  lands  ere  sold 


ill 


!  t 


272 


BLACK    KAWK,   AND 

By  Congress  to  the  men  who  sotthnl  their, 
We'll  gh-e  the  veador  an  acfoiuit  succinct 
Of  a  claim-tiial  that  took  place  that  time. 
In  then  the  inlant  village  of  MiUvatikee. 
Proper  to  state,  by  way  of  prefice,  here, 

That  Mr.  M ,  presiding  o'er  the  trial, 

Was,  and  is  still,  the  District  C.'ourt'.  llrstjudge  ; 

And  has  for  several  years  discharged  the  duties 

Of  ofTice  with  ability  and  honor. 

The  advocates  are  men  of  high  repute, 

Still  here  residing  ;  have  at  dillerent  times 

Been  chosen  of  the  Legislature  members; 

By  fellow-citizens  respected  much. 

g D ,  defendant,  is  an  honest  farmer. 

To  his  protession  does  abmidant  honor — 
•  The  credit  of  his  townsmen  well  enjoys 
And  we  would  state,  by  way  of  palliation, 
In  his  l)ehalf,  that  claimants  on  their  lands. 
To  have  their  claims  respected,  and  prevent 
Others  from  seizing  them,  liave  made  claim-laws, 
Requiring  persons  occupying  thus. 
To  be  in  full  possession  of  the  land, 
To  make  improvements  certain  in  amount ; 
Building  a  cabin,  clearing,  cultivating 
Acres  a  stated  number,  farmer-like, 
Proportioned  to  the  size  of  tract  so  claimed  ; 
Binding  themselves  collective  to  defend 
Each  other  from  encr(»achments  that  might  come. 
'J'he  plaintiff,  it  is  true,  improvements  made, 
Sutficlent  in  amount  him  to  entitle, 
Perhaps,  to  the  protection  of  his  class  ; 


BCENKS    IN    THE    WEST. 


273 


But  he  had  neither  made  them  to  accord 
With  rules  spccilio  of  the  law  exact, 
Nor  really  settled  there  upon  the  land, 
Either  in  person,  or  by  substitute. 

XXXVI. 

♦ 

Therefore,  S D ,  though  not  excusable 

Wholly,  for  entering  this  disputed  tract,^ 
Especially,  as  the  plaintin'and  first  claimant 
Was  in  the  country,  near  at  hand,  and  ready 
The  title  to  contest,  and  rights  assert ; 
Vet,  circumstanoo.  of  the  case  were  such, 

As  in  degree  to  justify  his  course 
In  settling  on  this  claim  identical. 

lie  deemed  it  woidd  confirm  him  in  the  right, 

His  title  be  acknowledged  paramount 

To  that  of  claimant  first,  whose  title  there 

Was  merely  nominal,  in  his  opinion. 

Ho  hoped  to  be  sustained  by  claimants,  bound 

IJy  solemn  obligations  to  protect 

Those  of  their  class,  in  any  righteous  cause  ; 

But  otherwise  the  popular  voice  declrred. 

Consulting  not  opinions,  as  was  need, 
Especially  in  commmiity  like  this, 
Where  great  asperities  need  softening  down, 
Not  weighing  causes  and  effects  aright, 

g £ possession  took,  a  cabin  built  thereon. 

And  into  it  his  rising  family  moved, 
The  culture  of  the  rugged  soil  began, 
By  clearing,  fencing,  raising  there  a  crop. 


'  mi 


m'W 


274 


Bl-ACK    HAWK,    AND 

But/noUvitbstan.U..-,  he  was  dUposscsscd 
Hy  fc-rco,  and  (lisiulu'iit^'d  of  all, 
Ky  the  fust  claiuiunts  ;  bachelor.  >%-cre  tlu-y. 
He  took  possession  soon  a  second  time, 
Deeming  hi.  right  still  iVasihle  ;  then  'twas, 
The  litigation  next  dosciiljed  took  place. 

XXXVII. 

Delightful  village  of  Milwaukee! 

I  went  in  November  y«nir  beat.ties  to  sec  _; 


Leaving  my 


(T  mv  home,  am 


1  the  land  of  mv  tillage, 


To  visit  the  early  and  new.lounded  village 
I  entered  vour  courts,  the  niry  1  t^aw 


And  all  your 


attorneys,  and  coiuise 


llors  at  law, 


The  learned  judge,  en 


^throned,  looked  sedate  and  compla. 


They . 

Witnesses,  too,  as  thick  as  .uoxjuitos. 
After  the  evidence  had  gone  on  apace. 
The  lawyers  got  np  to  argue  the  case. 

^V iho  pertest  of  these,  led  the  van, 

AcknowUxigcd  by  all  as  an  eloquent  njan. 
He    says,  this  is  trespass  by  common  law ; 
As  clear  a  case  as  ever  1  saw  ; 
Also,  by  statute  of  this  territory. 
And  this  is  the  way  to  tell  the  story. 


Peters 


i'!3 


#  V 


ipla. 


■CI      ES    IN    THli    WEST. 


275 


*4t 


Kind  fTontlemon,  too,  Ms  quite  nnrcasonaWc, 

That  tlavc  poor  Iki(;1i«^1<»vs  thus,  un^oasonfiblc!, 

.Should  rudely  ha  striiipM  of  iIh-u-  rights  and  their  lives, 

Moivly  because  they  have  ;.'       heui  no  'vives. 

Oa  relevant  topics  his  subject  had  leii;,^th, 

Ili^  reasou^j  supported  liy  wisdom  and  strenjrtli; 

Showed  the  tlrst  clai/naul's  title  iimst  sure  jn.d  most  cl    ii  ly, 

And  proved,  beyond  doubt,  ho  had  paid  Ibv  It  dearly. 

^ D ,  the  detiMidant,  was  rowed  up  Salt  rivei', 

The  plaiutiir  he  put  in  posscasioii  ibrever. 

A ,  jrenero\H,  saw  this,  and  beheld  it  with  grief, 

Arose  in  his  nii<'ht  for  defendant'.s  relief. 
A  well-timed  intrusi(jn  it  rertainly  was, 

Poor  1) needed  sadly  .such  prop  to  his  cause. 

Wholly  unliUe.  Ireaeheroiis  Arnold  of  old, 
Who  basely  betrayed  his  couulry  for  gold, 
So  skilful  in  law,  and  tru^ry  was  be. 
The  judne  declared  he  honortd  should  be — • 
He,  tbert'fove,  nuide  him  a  State  attorney, 
And,  of  thi.s  olliee,  be  proved  himself  worthy, 
ib'ntlemen,  he  says,  these  lawyers  buvu  taken 
A  course,  which  by  all  should  bu  fjrsaken  ; 
Whilst  one,  advocatiiifj,  stands  u-i,  as  appears, 
The  other  tits  by,  shedding  crocodile  tears, 
lM)r  bachelors  old,  who  deserve  not  a  claim, 
IhieumbcriniT  the  ground,  and  but  settlers  in  name  ; 
While  an  actual  settler,  as  all  you  agree, 
With  his  lady  and  children,  my  client  must  be. 
\ou  would  vacate  the  land,  and  turn  out  of  door 
The  industrious  farmer,  because  he  is  poor ; 


'm..  M. 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


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Sdences 
Corporation 


33  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14590 

(716)  872-4503 


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276 


BT.ACK    HAWK.    AND 


And  shut  against  him  all  bowels  of  rompnssion, 
And  sNvallow  the  camel  to  follow  the  fashion. 
This  speaker  gave  them  such  going  over, 


mam, 


It  made  the  lawyers  look  quite  sober 

We  thought  they  could  not  answer  a 

Having  two  to  one,  they  rallied  again. 

Soon  after  this  noble  speech  was  ended, 

And  from  the  rostrum  he  descended, 

As  I  was  penning  this  down,  as  may  be, 

He  came  and  addressed  himself  thus  to  mo  j 

To  write  this  down  you  are  taking  much  pains, 

But  for  sale,  now,  have  you  got  any  claims  1 

No,  says  l,  my  claiming  business  is  done, 

Whilst  yours,  it  appears,  is  just  now  begun. 

For,  after  the  claims  with  me  arc  at  rest, 

You  counsellors  have  the  title  to  test ; 

And,  when  bcf  )re  you  the  action  is  brought, 

You'll  confirm  such  titles  as  I  have  bought. 

When  I  hunted  claims,  I  went  far  and  near, 

Resolved  from  all  others  to  keep  myself  clear  ;^ 

And  if,  through  mistake,  I  jumped  a  man's  claim, 

As  soon  as  I  knew  it,  I  jumped  off  again. 

'Twas  then  that  the  gallant  T—  arose, 

These  adverse  proceedings  firm  to  oppose ; 

With  boldness  and  much  gesticulation. 

Draws  from  the  audience  their  high  admiration  ; 

Extends  his  arms  aloft  with  grace  and  thumps. 

Puts  all  his  dire  opposers  to  their  trumps— 

By  powerful  words,  with  reason  much  imbued. 

Proved  headstrong  D a  reckless  course  pursued. 


Such  eloquence,  and  long,  with  powerful  sway, 

Bore  down  all  opposition,  won  the  day. 

The  learned  judge  did  then  address  the  jury, 

And  thus,  to  them,  ho  mildly  told  the  story  :— 

This  is  a  case  of  trespass,  vi  ct  armis, 

And  you,  the  jury,  must  try  what  the  harm  is. 

And  if  you  find  that  these  poor  bachelors  grand, 

Had  peaceable  possession  of  this  land. 

And  had  complied  with  the  known  customs  good, 

That  were  adopted  in  their  neighborhood  ; 

And  if  you  find  the  plaintiffs  both  interested 

In  the  said  claim,  which  now  is  to  be  tested, 

You  mtist,  indeed,  a  verdict  for  them  find  ; 

This  is  the  law  in  cases  of  this  kind. 

The  jury,  ever  faithfid  to  their  trust, 

Soon  for  the  plaintilT  brought  a  verdict  just, 

Against  poor  D ;  for  he  the  case  had  lost. 

Sixpence  the  damage,  sixty  dollars  cost. 

XXXVIII. 

Our  detail  of  the  army  in  progression, 

And  operations  martial  on  their  part, 

'Twill  now  be  necessary  to  resume, 

And  unto  Black  Hawk's  sad  retreat  return, 

Hopeful  to  gain  the  Mississippi  ere  • 

O'erta'en  by  Atkinson  in  swift  pursuit. 

For  here  illustrious  Dodge,  of  sober  years, 

Bears  credence  first  among  ihe  pioneers ; 

Before  the  rest  his  glory  was  enhancing, 

While  with  more  rapid  strides  ho  was  advancing. 


277 


iiii 


378  BLACK   HAWK,    AND 

Whether  it  was  that  the  commanfling  general 

Reposed  in  Dodge  a  greater  confidence, 

Such  risk  and  task  important  to  perform. 

We  know  not ;  but  arc  sure  lie  was  coamilssioned 

To  go  ])eforc  the  army  in  pursuit. 

On  the  fourth  night  since  they  Helena  left, 

Unto  a  late  encainpm(Mit  of  tlio  foe 

Thev  catne  ;  there  found  an  aged  Indian  sick, 

Abandoned  Ly  his  [;oople  to  his  fate. 

For  'lis,  among  sonie  Indian  tribes,  a  custom, 

Travelling  from  i>luce  to  place,  wheu  cu  xemoving, 

To  leave  behind  the  aged  and  infirm, 

Provisions  furnishing  a  soniewhat  stock. 

Which  to  consume  and  die.     Diit,  in  this  case, 

They  no  such  stock  did  leavo,  for  reason  plain. 

Thai  they  had  none  to  leave  ;  none  for  themselves. 

They  deemed,  no  doubt,  that  he  would  be  discovered 

By  his  pursuers,  and  be  saved  from  death, 

Lingering,  protracted,  from  a  long  starvation, 

Bv  the  more  welcome  bullets,  of  his  foes. 

This  Indian  old  the  army  did  inform, 

Black  Hawk  and  all  his  train  had  that  day  gone 

To  a  place  called  Bad  Axe,  on  the  Mississippi, 

To  cross  next  morn,  on  August's  second  day. 

XXXIX. 


Meanwhile,  that  day  the  Indians  reached  the  river, 
Striking  it  forty  miles  'bove  Prairie  du  Chien, 
Some  having  died  of  hunger  and  fatigue. 
Black  Hawk  immediately  essayed  to  cross  ; 


I 


SCEr^^ES    IN    THE    WEST, 

Prevented  by  calamitous  mishap. 

For  hi'io,  the  steamer  Warrior  hn  encountered  ; 

A  white  flag  raised,  the  truce  to  suj)|)licate, 

And  sue  fur  peace  in  hU  distress  extreme. 

To  the  captain  called,  to  send  his  Ijoat  on  shore, 

That  lie  mijijht  there  surrender  up  himself, 

To  save  his  squaws  and  cliildren  from  the  death, 

And  swift  destruction  hanging  over  them. 

Quite  certain  'lis,  that  he  the  peace  desired, 

On  any  terms,  to  save  the  remnant  left. 

If  thirst  of  blood  had  been  rapacious  less, 

Aiid  inoi'o  respect  indulged  ior  flag  of  truce, 

Held  sacred  'mong  all  nations  of  the  earth, 

Faither  dei^truction  of  the  lives  of  men 

Might  well  been  spared,  the  nation's  honor  saved 

From  reckless  violation  of  their  faith, 

And  ruthless  cruelty  in  this  aflair. 

Ibit  no  respect  was  shown  ;  charged  with  decoy, 

The  dogs  of  war  let  loose  without  delay, 

Swept  scores  of  that  unhappy  race  away. 


279 


XL. 

The  steeds  all  wearied  out,  or  nearly  so, 
By  inarches  forced,  the  foe  to  overtake, 
'Mid  weather  sultry,  overcoming  heat. 
The  soldiers  much  exhausted  with  fatigue, 
The  general  ordered  that  the  army  halt, 
In  order  hastily  to  refresh  themselves 
By  food,  and  some  few  hours'  repose,  before 
They  entered  into  battle,  that  they  might 


'f 


M' 


280  BLACK    HAWIv,    AND 

The  better  be  prepared  for  sanguine  fray ; 

That  on  next  day,  at  second  hour  of  morn, 

Lonff  ere  the  rosy  dawn  should  stieak  the  East, 

They  all  be  ready  for  their  line  of  inarch, 

O'er  those  three  leagues  that  led  to  fields  of  conquest. 

That  hour,  precise,  the  bugles  sounded  loud, 

Through  ail  the  camping-ground,  the  notes  of  war. 

Their  heroes  calling  to  the  field  of  fight. 

The  following  was  the  order  of  thn  bp.ltle  : 

Dodge,  with  his  squadron  of  the  mining  troops, 

Was  honored  with  a  place  in  the  front  rank. 

The  regular  soldiers,  infimtry,  came  next, 

Under  their  General  Taylor's  high  command, 

He  who  immortal  honors  won  in  Mcxic'  land. 

And  next  him,  General  Henry's  brigade  followed 

To  this  succeeded  General  Alexander's  ; 

And  next,  and  last,  came  General  Posey's  on, 

Whose  band  the  rear-guard  of  the  army  formed. 


XLI. 

A  forlorn  hope,  select,  and  led  by  Dodge, 
Were  sent,  a  chosen  score,  their  foe  to  spy; 
A  service  perilous  to  execute. 
Different  divisions  of  the  army  thus 
Disposed  of,  every  preparation  made 
Needful,  the  bands  elate  their  march  begin. 
Had  not  far  gone,  ere  one  of  the  forlorn 
Returned  with  tidings  that  the  foe  were  near; 
Having  discovered  his  out  picket-guard. 
This  told  he  to  the  general  of  the  host ; 


B<'EXr:8    IN    TlIK     WEST. 


281 


t. 


From  him  to  all  subordinates  was  it  sent. 

'Twas  followed  by  accelerated  march  ; 

Firing  in  little  time  commenced  in  front. 

The  Indians,  from  one  rising  ground  to  next, 

From  time  to  time  were  driven,  still  keeping  up 

A  constant  fire,  on  every  eminence, 

O'er  which  they  know  their  foes  obliged  to  pass. 

Still,  being  routed  from  their  hiding-places. 

At  length  sought  safety  in  a  body  main, 

Retreating  to  the  river  bottom,  where 

They  joined  in  one  great  etlbrt  to  detend 

Themselves  and  families,  or  in  battle  die. 

Here  Atkinson  resolved  to  take  each  step 

Deemed  needful,  to  prevent  the  foe's  escape, 

Or  down  or"  up  the  river  ;  prudently 

Ordered  the  generals  Alexander,  Posey, 

To  form  the  amy's  right  wing,  and  move  down. 

Directed  Henry  and  brigade  to  form 

The  left,  and  march  along  the  Indians'  trail, 

Which  lay  to  south,  so  near  the  river's  bank, 

As  to  prevent  a  passage  out  that  way. 

Then  must  the  infantry,  by  Taylor  led, 

And  Dodge's  troops,  the  front  and  centre  form. 

All  of  this  army,  regular  troops  except. 

Were  mounted  volunteers,  miHtia-men. 


XLII. 


ThG  army  marshalled  thus,  in  dread  array. 
The  almost  perpendicular  bluffs  descend, 
Until  the  river's  bottom-lands  they  reach, 

24* 


292 


BLACK   HAWK,    ANl> 

A  valley.forest,  clad  with  heavy  growth 

Of  various  ornamental  trees  ;  with  shrubs, 

Much  undergrowth,  thick,  matted  grass,  and  tall } 

Of  fallen  timber,  sloughs,  ravines,  quite  full; 

So  plentifully  sprinkled  us  t'  afl'ord 

The  foe  the  means  a  strong  defence  to  make 

A  heavy  fire  connnencod,  which  was  returned 

By  Ih'  Indians  with  much  spirit.     Then  sank  they, 

And  disappeared  Indiind  the  fallen  trees, 

Till  they  could  load  ;  when  they  again  rose  up. 

Discharged  their  pieces,  raised  a  hideous  yell. 

xmi. 

Down  tomahawk  and  rifle  sank, 
Like  fallen  warrior's  deadly  clank  ; 
Down  sunk  the  Indian  where  he  stood, 
And  disappeared  among  the  wood, 
'Mid  herbage,  willows,  and  thick  grass: 
As  though  the  earth,  to  let  him  pass, 
Had  ope'd  her  mouth  as  deep  within, 
As  when  she  took  Abiram  in. 
Here  lay  concealed  those  wary  sons. 
Till  they  could  safely  charge  their  guns ; 
But  soon  was  changed  their  wildest  yell, 
To  loud  lament  o'er  those  that  fell. 


XLIV. 


Then  hand  to  hand  the  fight  becoming  general, 

The  pale-faced  troops  rushed  through  the  dark  defilcy, 


! 


■CETTES    IN    THE    WEST. 


288 


Ravines,  and  strong-holds  of  the  hidden  foe, 

Driving  them  out  from  all  their  hiding-places, 

Slew  all  that  came  in  their  desiructivc  way. 

During  this  time,  Posey,  and  Alexander, 

With  their  brigades  were  marching  down  the  river, 

With  a  part  of  Black  Hawk's  bund  fell  in  high  up, 

Routed,  and  slew  of  them  the  greater  part. 

Sometimes,  in  their  advance,  would  cross  an  Indian 

Lying  in  ambuscade  among  thick  brush, 

Who  had  not  well  obeyed  his  chieftain's  voice, 

In  his  retreat ;  whereby  alone  was  left. 

Oft  startled  thus,  by  almost  treading  on 

The  brawny  finmes  of  such  stretched  on  the  ground  ; 

Sometimes  atnid  tall  weeds  or  osiers  lying. 

Like  serpents  in  the  grass,  not  venturing  flight, 

Nor  yet  to  fire  their  guns,  lest  it  expose  them 

To  those  who  showed  no  mercy  to  a  foe. 

They  stirred  not,  but  remained  and  held  their  breath, 

Hoping  discovery  none,  thereby  securing  death. 


filci!, 


XLV. 

The  part  which  Black  Hawk  acted  in  this  battle, 

As  soldier,  patriot,  soul  magnanimous, 

Was  highly  to  the  credit  of  his  heart, 

And  in  good  keeping  with  his  high  career— r 

Consistent  with  his  lofty  mind  and  aim. 

He  seemed,  as  ever  he  had  been,  impressed. 

Duly,  with  this  absorbing  sentiment — 

That  still  his  cause  was  just,  pretensions  good; 

That,  though  he'd  failed  in  its  accomplishment. 


i— ■  • '  1 


284 


BLACK    HAWK,    AND 

Which  was  to  reinstate  his  people  in 

Their  ancient  territory  ;  what  they'd  lost 

Recover,  and  to  which  they  had  a  right, 

As  he  believed,  by  laws  of  Deity  ; 

Yet,  he  still  felt  an  inward  consciousness 

That  he  his  duty  had  discharged  full  well 

Unto  his  nation.     Buoyed  up  by  this,       ^ 

Determined  still  to  do  what  yet  remauicd 

Within  his  power,  in  saving  their  retreat, 

Retrieving  their  condition  ruinous  ; 

Oft  much  depressed  in  mind  in  this  sad  flight 

He  seemed,  for  fear  of  its  results  disastrous. 

But  purely  national  was  his  concern, 

Not  caring  for  himself,  but  for  the  rest ; 

While  o'er  the  ruins  of  his  country  wept. 

Yet  sorrowed  not  like  one  who'd  lost  his  hope, 

\nd  with  it  all  the  will  and  power  to  work. 

Something  he  still  could  do-that  something  was, 

To  put  forth  all  his  energies  subhme, 

And  firmness,  to  conduct  a  safe  retreat. 

And  this  he  did.     All  duties  he  discharged 

Of  a  good  general— done  what  man  could  do, 

In  such  a  desperate,  hopeless  cause  forlorn. 

All  quarters  were  denied  him  by  his  foe, 

And  left  him  no  resource  but  in  himself. 

Going  from  group  to  group  of  his  dejected 

Followers,  reminding  them  the  great  events 

Which  on  th'  issue  of  this  battle  hung  ; 

All  being  at  stake,  and  their  salvation  restmg 

Upon  their  valor  and  success  ;  much  now 

Exhorting  to  be  valiant  in  defence 


BCKNliS    ly    TllK    WKSX. 

Of  wivcd  and  children  dear;  endeavoring  iuud, 

At  risk  of  life,  the  enemy  to  repulse 

F*uin  river's  bank,  and  force  a  passage  o'er 

The  Mississippi  to  its  western  shore, 

Their  last  grand  barrier  'gainst  a  safe  retreat. 

Th»  motives  which  inspired  this  generous  savage, 

Posterity  will  approve  and  venerate. 

Unto  the  brave,  high-soulod,  adventurous  spirits 

Of  earth,  it  will  eternally  endear  him. 

What  general  on  this  mortal  shore, 
In  such  a  strait,  accomplished  more  1 
Not  Buonaparte,  in  that  sad  hour 
Of  his  retreat  from  British  power! 
Nor  Wellington,  who  passed  for  nought, 
When  the  first  battle  lost  he  fought ! 
And  sure  they  had  no  better  cause. 
Than  fight  for  country,  kindred,  laws  ! 


285 


XLVI. 

Finally  routed  from  all  place  of  refuge, 
Surrounded  on  all  sides,  and  driven  like  flock 
Of  timid  sheep  Irom  wolves,  in  horror  flying 
To  tU'  outer  verge  of  Mississippi's  bank, 
Evil,  perceived  they,  had  befallen  them  ;      . 
For,  oh  !  to  cross  so  wide  and  deep  a  river, 
So  rapid  in  its  current,  in  full  view 
Of  a  victorious,  unrelenting  foe, 
Both  eager  in  pursuit  and  close  in  rear, 
Under  most  favorable  circumstances,  must. 


280  SLACK   HAWK,    AND 

Could  not  but  bo  disastrous  in  extreme  ; 
Much  inoro  so  must,  it  prove  to  them,  who  now 
Were  unprovided  wHh  the  needful  barks 
To  cross  that  awful  j^iilf,  impassalilo, 
Barrier  trenienuuu.;,  hindering  tiieir  escape! 
Their  minds  were  tilled  with  awful  apprehensions 
Of  consequences  fearful  that  would  fuUoW. 
Dreadful  alternative  !  to  be  thus  forced 
To  plunn;e  the  livei*  lieadluniX,  and  expose 
Themselves  to  danger  imminent  of  drowning, 
Or  fall  by  cruel  hands  upon  its  banks- ! 
Thus  circumstanced,  with  danger.-*  such  before, 
Destruction  worse  behind,  they  lingering  stood 
Upon  the  cuter  bank  of  Mississipprs  flood  ! 


XLVII. 

The  dread  appearance  thereof,  and  the  thoughtj 

Of  being  compelled  to  cross  if,  without  bark 

Or  raft  to  buoy  them  up  above  the  waves, 

Astounded  them  with  an  amazemeiit  sore. 

Involuntary  forced  them  back  with  horror  ; 

They  turned  away,  and  stood  aghast  ia  view 

Of  such  a  mighty  efibrt  so  revolting ; 

But  worse  destruction  from  behind  pursuing, 

Impelled  them  onward,  and  their  minds  strung  up 

To  deeds  of  mighty  daring.     Braving  all. 

In  the  deep  waters,  headlong,  straight  they  plunged, 

Where  many  drowned  ;  others,  pursued  too  closely, 

Strove  t'  evade  the  leaden  death  by  diving — 

But  all  in  vain  ;  for  our  sharp  riflemen, 


SCENES   IN    TIIC    WEST. 


287 


Who  OOW^wfrm  top  of  tallest  trco  thcro  btood, 

Pit'k  niii.  perchance,  u  si|iiin'ers  eye,  orpicrco 

Tho  hfud  of  duck,  far  otV,  iti  re  appearing 

Abo\*e  the  water's  surface,  toiiud  il  easy 

In  (living  Indian's  head  a  ball  to  lodge. 

The  women,  childivn,  and  of  warriors  part, 

Monnti'd  Oil  pojiies,  \,\  thinr  haste  phmged  in, 

'i'iie  time,  the  h-ant  delay  permitted  not  ; 

The  ponies  with  their  freight  succeetlctl  well, 

And  gained  the  weslera  shore,  a  few  except, 

That  wei'o  so  <A'eiladea  with  the  living, 

Besides  to  liridles,  manes,  what  chihhen  clung, 

That  under  weight  of  Kueh  a  burden  snnU  ; 

Could  not  the  current  steuj  ;  with  all  their  load 

In  w.iters  deep  were  drowned,  the  stream  liore  down. 

The  .shattered  remnants  of  their  bands  succeeded 

In  gaining  Mississippi's  western  shore. 

No  danger  from  their  foes  of  being  pursued, 

Till  boats  could  build,  or  otherwise  obtain. 


XLvin. 


So  great,  indeed,  was  their  discomfiture, 
All  furthermore  piu'suit  was  needless  de(»mcd. 
Three  hours  the  raging  of  the  battle  held — 
Of  women,  children,  prisoners  taken  hfty  ; 
Of  warriors,  none — no  man  surrendered  there. 
As  they  no  quarters  sought,  or  sought  in  vain, 
None  they  received,  but  were  in  battle  slain. 
Their  loss  in  numbers  still  remains  unknown. 
Though  near  a  score  of  anxious  years  have  flown. 


288 


BLACK    HAWK,    ANU 


XLIX. 


O,  noble  Mississippi !  father  Hood  ! 

They  tinge  thy  peaceful  waters  with  their  blood  ! 

Yet  thou  roU'st  on  majestic  as  l}efoi-e, 

When  these,  and  those  pursuing,  are  no  more. 

Yea,  futin-e  nation^  here  may  rise  and  full, 

Yet  wilt  thou  lift  thy  head,  and  look  unchanged  ou  all  I 

The  red  man  of  the  wood,  like  morning  dew, 

Has  disappeared,  except  a  harmless  few  ; 

Where  once  his  curling  wigwam's  smoke  appeared, 

Farms  beautiful,  and  little  towns  arc  reared  ; 

And  where  in  war-dance  played  by  stream  or  pool, 

Oft  heard  the  cheerful  hum  of  village  school. 

His  light  canoe  on  rivers  way  has  given, 

To  boats  majestic,  that  by  steam  are  driven. 

The  noble  lakes,  long  where  he  lived  seclude, 

And  used  to  bathe  his  limbs  in  solitude, 

Are  covered  o'er  with  numerous  trading  shipr., 

That  daily  spread  their  sails,  perform  their  trips. 

The  happy  people  here  their  fears  release  ; 

Here  grows  and  blooms  the  tree  of  sacred  peace  ; 

The  earth  no  longer  drinks  the  blood  of  slain  ; 

That  it  may  drink  no  more,  God  say  amen  ! 


The  formidable  train  of  Black  Hawk,  now 
No  longer  as  an  army  did  exist ; 
For,  so  completely  panic-struck  were  they 
Who  yet  remained,  and  so  confounded  with 


till  I 


SCENES   IN    THE    WEST.  289 

The  terrors  of  so  dreadful  a  defeat, 

Became  as  dead  men,  having  no  more  strength, 

Courage,  or  resolution  to  resist ; 

But,  scattered  o'er  a  length  if  way  in  flight, 

Without  to  discipline  the  least  regard. 

Black  Hawk's  attendant,  constant  friend,  the  prophet, 

From  whom  he  counsel  sought,  divine  direction, 

In  case  of  danger  and  of  trial  oft, 

Turning  to  him,  discoursing  thus  began : 

BLACK    HAWK. 

My  brother  most  revered,  and  faithful  guide  ! 
Of  om-  iate  loss  disastrous,  and  defeat 
Ruinous,  you  told  me  nothing.     Had  you  not, 
By  astrologic  signs,  or  dreams  prophetic, 
Appearance  of  a  heavenly  visiter, 
Or  otherwise,  some  warning  of  this  thing  1 


rilOPUET. 

Warning,  'tis  true,  1  had  of  this  event 

Direful ;  not  making  known,  did  not  dissent 

From  tiiee — convinced  this  could  not  make  things  better, 

Would  thee  distress,  and  serve  thy  mind  to  fetter; 

Vigor  relaxing,  whereby  our  great  doom, 

With  heavier  vengeance  on  us  all  had  come ; 

For,  in  my  dream  the  night  before,  'twas  given 

To  me  to  view,  suspended  high  in  heaven, 

A  mighty  ball  of  tire.     While  this  I  eyed, 

It  fell,  and  brake  in  pieces  by  my  side, 

m 


290  BLACK    nAWK,  A>'D 

The  many  pieces  turned  to  blazing  stars, 
And  seemed  to  skip  about  like  living  fires, 
And  one  by  one  they  turned  exceeding  pale, 
Went  out  with  imitative  sounds  of  wail, 
That  filled  my  soul  with  horror  but  to  hear, 
And  showed  our  nation's  end  and  ruin  near. 
Few,  burning  pale,  did  wander  out  of  sight. 
And  shadowed  forth  a  remnant  saved  by  flight. 


BLACK    HAWK. 

The  warning  we  could  not  forego. 

As  by  experience  sad  we  know  ; 

Yet  let  us  still  by  faith  inquire, 

And  ask  of  our  Almighty  Sire, 

The  signs  our  future  course  may  ahow, 

And  what  we  do,  and  wher3  we  go. 

But  first  we'll  make  a  sacrifico 

Of  all  we  do  most  dearly  prize — 

Cast  our  tobacco  in  the  fire,^ 

And  ofier  up  our  'heart's  desire. 

And  the  Great  Spirit  grant,  this  night, 

A  visioned  ornon  fair  and  bright. 

Our  chief  long  watching,  *»unk  to  rest, 

Prayer  labored  in  the  prophetN  breast. 

All  night  he  nought  of  slumber  found, 

But  walked  a  solitary  round ; 

Oft  viewed  in  prayer  the  burning  brand, 

And  all  the  heavenly  movements  wanned. 

He  saw,  before  the  dawn  of  day, 

A  sign  which  crowed  the  arial  way } 


SCENES    IN    TUB    WEST.  291 

And  thence  arose  a  burning  star, 

A  supernatural  sign,  and  far 

Into  the  north  it  made  its  way, 

There  stood,  all  luminous  as  day. 

The  prophet  called  the  weary  chief. 

And  showed  the  sign  of  their  relief. 

He  saw  the  omen,  and  was  glad, 

Unto  the  prophet  thus  he  said  : 

This  is  my  ancient  mother's  star ; 

She  saw  it  through  the  future  far  ;  ^ 

Foretold  my  fate  in  ancient  day, 

And  said  a  star  should  mark  my  way, 

And  be  my  guide  in  that  sad  hour 

That  gave  my  foes  the  ruling  power. 

Up  quickly,  prophet !  rein  our  steeds, 

For  I  must  follow  where  it  leads. 

It  shows  the  way  of  safety  true, 

For  this  was  kindly  promised,  too  ; 

If  to  my  foes  I  be  betrayed. 

Their  liands  from  violence  shall  be  stayed. 

Obedient  to  the  mandate  given, 

Obsequious  to  the  will  of  heaven, 

Devoutly  grateful  went  they  forth, 

And  journeyed  onward  towards  the  north. 

LI. 

Pursued  by  Winnebagoes,  they,  ere  long, 
Were  taken  prisoners,  brought  to  Prairie  du  Cbion,' 
By  Decorie,  Chaeter,  chiefs  cf  tribes. 
The  off'cera  of  the  fort  were  present  now, 


2QQ  BLACK    HAWK,    AND 

And  other  persons  of  distinction,  many. 

The  scene  was  interesting  and  impressive. 

In  deer-skins,  snow-white  dressed,  appeared  the  captives. 

Seated,  his  message  Decorie  delix'ered, 

And  prisoners  to  the  charge  of  General  Street. 

Then,  Black  Hawk  rose,  the  general  thus  addressed : 

Great  chief!  you've  ta'en  me  prisoner,  with  my  warriors ! 

When  I  could  not  by  Indian  tact  prevail, 

To  fight  you  face  to  fiicc  I  was  constrained. 

I  fought  hard  ;  but  your  guns  were  too  well  aimed; 

Like  singing-birds  of  air  your  Ijullcts  flew, 

And  whistled  by  our  ears  like  wintry  winds. 

My  warriors  fell  around  me  ;  dismal  looked  it. 

I  hoped  assistance  from  some  neighboring  tribes, 

Who  promised  faithful  they  would  join  my  standard. 

Deceivers  told  me  that  our  British  dither 

Would  secretly  assist  us  to  regain 

The  lands  we'd  lost— on  that  we  might  depend. 

The  Pottawatamies  could  massacre 

Families  defenceless,  lying  on  Indian  creek; 

Say  Black  Hawk  done  it ;  but  they  took  good  care 

Not  to  fulfil  their  promises  to  him, 

By  coming  to  his  aid  in  lime  of  need. 

I  saw  my  evi!  day  at  hand,  and  then 

The  sun  rose  dim  upon  us  on  that  morn  ; 

In  darkness  set ;  looked  like  a  ball  of  fire. 

Tliat  was  the  last  sun  ever  shone  on  Black  Hawk. 

His  heart,  dead  in  his  bosom,  beats  no  more ! 

His  numbered  suns  pre  thre^-scorc  years  and  eil, 

And  the  infirmities  of  age  are  on  him. 

Now  to  tho  white  men  he  has  dxllen  a  prisoner ; 


I 


SCENES    IX    THE    WEST, 


•293 


They'll  do  with  him  their  wish  ;  but  he  can  stand 

Torture  ;  and  he  of  death  is  not  afraid. 

He  is  no  coward.     Black  Hawk  is  an  Indian — 

He's  nothinjT  done  an  Indian  to  disgrace  ; 

Nothing  for  which  an  Indian  need  feel  shame. 

He's  for  his  countrymen  and  kindred  fought, 

Against  white  men,  who  came,  year  after  year, 

To  make  his  poojile  drunk  with  their  fire-water. 

And  rol)  them  of  their  furs  and  hunting-grounds. 

He's  satisfied.     He'll  go  to  the  world  of  spirits  ; 

His  father  there  will  meet  him,  and  commend  him. 

Black  Hawk  disdains  to  like  a  woman  cry. 

He  loves  his  wife,  his  children,  and  his  friends ; 

He  cares  not  for  himself.     Farewell,  my  nation  ! 

Black  Hawk  to  save  you  tried,     He  drank  the  blood 

Of  some  o'  the  whites.     He  has  been  taken  prisoner, 

His  plans  are  stopped,  and  he  can  do  no  more  ! 

His  end  is  near ;  his  sun  is  going  down  ! 

And  he  will  rise  no  more  !     Farewell  to  Black  Hawk, 


Was  taken  to  the  capitolian  city — 
First  words  he  uttered  in  his  interview 
Witli  tlie  nation's  chief,  were  t'.}x  '^c  distinguished  ones, 
Descriptive  of  hU  character  std^ime  : 
♦*  You  are  a  man,  and  I,  too,  am  a  man." 
The  whites  much  honored  the  ningnanlmous  chief, 
Black  Hawk.     Th(^  better  to  convince  him  of 
The  daring  nattno  of  his  bold  attempts, 

25* 


294 


BLACK    HAWK,  AND 


Transported  him  through  their  great  thoroughfares, 

Their  metropolitan,  capitoliaii  towns, 

And  cities,  on  a  tour  through  all  the  States  ; 

Showed  him  their  multitude,  and  population  dense, 

Their  strong-holds,  forts,  and  towers,  well  fortified. 

Harbors,  and  guns  with  calibres  immense. 

The  aged  chief  beh-eld  them  with  his  eyes, 

And  listened  with  surprise  to  their  loud  roar; 

Examined  them  minutely  witli  hij  hands. 

They  showed  liim,  also,  their  steamships  of  war, 

Tremendous,  and  their  docks,  and  navy-yards, 

Their  seventy-four's,  with  all  their  triple  decks, 

Mounted  with  long  eighteen's,  and  forty-two's, 

That,  on  the  first  discharge,  cut  masts  away ; 

Their  troops,  militia,  independent  companies 

In  uniform,  with  numerous  land-artillery, 

And  all  their  military  preparations. 

Nothing  in  all  the  land,  of  warlike  nature, 

Or  instrument,  assault  or  of  defence, 

But  they  did  show  it  him,  and  tell  its  use ; 

All  these  the  chief  beheld,  astonished  much. 

He  once  believed  that,  with  ten  thousand  men, 

He,  through  the  States,  could  march  triumphantly; 

But  now  he  saw  how  futile,  rash,  and  vain 

All  such  attempts.     Filled  with  surprise  and  awe. 

nil. 

And  now,  unto  the  off'cers  and  chief  men. 
That  thronged  about  him,  in  his  visits  through 


\ 


ICENEa    IN    THE    \VE«T. 


295 


From  place  to  place,  himself  he  thus  expressed  : 

Brothers  !  you  are  a  great  and  mighty  nation  ; 

Yom-  people,  in  their  multitude,  arc  like 

The  twinkling  stars  in  heaven  we  cannot  count, 

Or  dust  of  earth,  or  grains  of  sand  on  shore. 

All  efforts  to  resist  your  arm  of  power 

Arc  utter  vanity,  I'm  well  convinced. 

I'll  go  and  tell  these  things  unto  my  people. 

Your  strength  and  might,  your  navies,  fleets,  and  armies, 

Are  numerous  as  the  leaves  our  forests  yield. 

I  will  instruct  thom  in  the  ways  of  wisdom. 

Brothers  !  my  people  few  are  thinly  scattered ; 

They're  very  small,  and  weak  as  helpless  infants. 

♦Tis  better  that  they  silently  extinguish 

Their  council-fires,  and  leave  their  native  land, 

And  graves  of  their  forefathers,  quietly, 

For  regions  more  remote  beyond  the  river  ; 

There  "be  content  to  dwell,  nor  more  return, 

But  go  e'en  farther  still,  should  you  desire, 

And'iisk  no  reason  why  you  this  require. 

'Tis  useless!  prudence  prompts  this  course ;  and  more, 

That  wo  in  no  more  bloody  wars  engage, 

To  thwart  the  inclinations  of  your  people. 

It  was  a  lovely  country,  in  our  eyes 

Pelightful ;  we  were  loth  to  give  it  up. 

Many  our  people  did  oppose  this  treaty ;     • 

Had  they  been  counted,  and  the  tears  they  shed,* 

I  think  our  lands  would  still  have  been  our  own. 

Brothers !  I  ask  you,  in  my  people's  name, 

ITs  to  protect  in  that  new  land  we  go, 


\ 


296  BLACK    HAWK,   AND 

*Gainsl  other  tribes  upon  whoso  borders  forced, 

Encroaching  on,  lest  they  destroy  us  there. 

We  know  our  weakness  and  forlorn  condition, 

Orphans  and  strangers  in  a  distant  land. 

As  o'er  a  wide  and  thinly-timbered  country 

We're  doomed  to  rove,  our  hunting-grounds  inferior. 

Great  Manitou  hears  what  I  say  ;  will  be 

A  faithful  witness  'tween  you  and  my  people. 

I'm  done.     But  be  you  sure  to  toll  my  words 

To  the  tall  white  chief  of  all  your  pale-faced  brothers, 

Who  occupies  the  splendid  mammoth  wigwam 

In  Washington,  your  capitolian  city. 


MV. 


Unto  his  people  he  returned,  and  told 

Them  all  that  he  had  seen,  and  all  the  words 

The  white  chief  told  him  ;  what  he'd  said  to  them. 

lie  died  in  peace  and  honor  in  his  land  ; 

Was  gathered  to  his  people  ;  over  him 

Great  lamentation  made.     They  buried  liim 

On  Des  Moines'  eastern  side,  in  what  was  called 

New  Purchase,  in  Iowa,  with  such  honors 

As  military  heroes  do  receive, 

By  customs  known  'mong  red  men  to  oi)serve. 

They  mourned  in  usual  way,  by  uttering 

^Sounds  guttural,  and  prayers  to  Manituu, 

For  his  safe  passage  to  the  land  of  spirits. 

And  here,  him  to  lament,  would  often  come 

His  friends  and  people,  bringing  him  rich  presents, 


SCENES    IN   THE   WEST. 


207 


Large  pieces  of  tobacco,  honey-comb, 

Placed  by  him  in  his  tomb,  uttering  wild  criea  of  grief. 

In  prairie  land,  upon  an  eminence, 

Quito  near  his  habitation,  and  the  river, 

The  grave  of  the  renowned  is  situate. 

Of  him,  the  prince  and  hero  of  his  race. 

The  mighty,  and  unconquerable  Black  Hawk ! 

His  grave,  constructed  in  the  Indian  mode, 

Was  wide  and  deep,  and  in  its  western  end, 

And  in  a  sitting  posture,  was  he  placed  ; 

His  countenance  looking  towards  the  rising  sun. 

His  staff,  that  Clay  did  give,  was  placed  upright 

Beside  him  ;  on  it  his  right  hand  did  rest. 

By  him  his  garments,  tomahawk,  and  gun ; 

A  splendid  uniform  did  he  have  on, 

Presented  to  him  by  our  nation's  chief. 

His  face  was  painted  red,  and  striped  with  black. 

Just  as  a  youthful  Indian  dandy  paints, 

When  he  goes  wooing ;  thus  conveying  thought 

To  living  red  men,  that  their  great,  high  chief, 

Had  gone  a.courting  to  another  world ; 

Where,  if  he  should  receive  the  signal  favor 

Of  the  Great  Spirit,  he  would  be  united 

To  a  woman  who  had  passed  those  mortal  boundsy 

There  live  forever  in  green  hunting-grounds, 

Where  deer  and  elk  abound,  and  no  white  man. 

Them  to  molest,  be  Buffered  there  to  come,  ^ 

Thus  was  he  honored,  according  unto  all 

That  was  revealed  of  him  to  Gentle       ?e, 

His  great  maternal  ancestor,  alone, 


298  BLACK    HAWK,    AND 

The  only  chief  'mong  all  the  families,  tribes, 
And  kindreds  of  his  people,  who  could  claim 
The  high  prerogative  of  everlasting  fame. 


Live,  O  illustrious  chioftain  of  the  Sacs  ! 
The  noblest,  last,  and  bravest  of  thy  race  I 
Live  in  the  affections  of  thy  people  ever  ! 
Live  in  the  records,  and  the  songs  of  history  \ 
Let  no  man  censure  thee  henceforth,  or  dare 
To  call  in  question  all  thy  motives  pure ! 
Against  thy  character  sublime  say  aught, 
Or  strive  to  rob  thee  of  immortal  fame  ! 
Forever  perished  be  that  hand,  that  name. 
O'er  thee  oblivion's  curtain  fain  would  draw, 
Or  tear  away  from  thy  most  noblo  brow 
The  chaplct  wreath  of  thy  resplendent  glory  ! 
Sleep,  warrior  !  to  thy  rest  thou  must  return  ; 
As  all  thy  fathers  have,  so  e'en  must  thou ! 
For  ah  !  to  death,  what  monarch  needs  not  bow  ? 
O  joyful,  unconfincd  his  spirit  be  ! 
For  freedom  loved  in  life,  in  death  may  ho 
Inherit  largely  it.     Sleep  thou  in  glory's  bed, 
In  quiet,  mighty  chief  of  nation  red? 
Alone  had  wisdom  in  thyself  to  know, 
And  magnanimity  to  vindicate  just  claims, 
Thy  people's  rights  ;  appealing  to  the  sword, 
The  last  resort,  when  efforts  else  had  failed ; 
lU-fated  hour,  and  desperate  cause,  though  just ; 


BCEMES    IN   THE    WEST. 


990 


Hurling  defiance  'gainst  gigantic  power  ; 
Who  tyranny  in  every  shape  condemned  ; 
While  Dodge  and  Doty,  Tallmadge,  prudent  men, 
Far  in  the  north,  and  Renolds,  Duncan,  Ford, 
Govern  successively  this  land  of  thine. 
Of  Nit-o-me-ma,  and  Omaint-si-ar-nah ! 


THB    ErfD* 


t- 


!** 


